The document provides an overview of TCP/IP and related networking protocols. It discusses how TCP/IP works at the network layer to transmit data between applications and computers. Key points covered include:
- TCP/IP is made up of several protocols including TCP, IP, UDP, and ICMP that handle tasks like data transmission, packet routing, and error handling.
- TCP and IP work together, with TCP breaking data into packets and reassembling them, and IP addressing packets and routing them between computers.
- Other common protocols like HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, POP, IMAP, and FTP build upon TCP/IP to transmit web pages, emails, and files.
- Network devices require IP
Protocols And IP suite PPT
Contents are
History
TCP/IP Suite Layer
a} Network Interface
b} Internet Layer
c} Transport Layer
d} Application Layer
3.Comparison of OSI and IP
Internet Technology Lectures
Lecturer: Saman M. Almufti / Kurdistan Region, Nawroz University
facebook: https://www.facebook.com/saman.malmufti
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/I-VbO8EgPeU
Protocols And IP suite PPT
Contents are
History
TCP/IP Suite Layer
a} Network Interface
b} Internet Layer
c} Transport Layer
d} Application Layer
3.Comparison of OSI and IP
Internet Technology Lectures
Lecturer: Saman M. Almufti / Kurdistan Region, Nawroz University
facebook: https://www.facebook.com/saman.malmufti
YouTube Link: https://youtu.be/I-VbO8EgPeU
TCP - TCP breaks data into manageable packets and tracks information.pdfanjanacottonmills
TCP - TCP breaks data into manageable packets and tracks information such as source and
destination of packets. It is able to reroute packets and is responsible for guaranteed delivery of
the data.
IP - This is a connectionless protocol, which means that a session is not created before sending
data. IP is responsible for addressing and routing of packets between computers. It does not
guarantee delivery and does not give acknowledgement of packets that are lost or sent out of
order as this is the responsibility of higher layer protocols such as TCP.
UDP - A connectionless, datagram service that provides an unreliable, best-effort delivery.
ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol enables systems on a TCP/IP network to share status
and error information such as with the use of PING and TRACERT utilities.
SMTP - Used to reliably send and receive mail over the Internet.
FTP - File transfer protocol is used for transferring files between remote systems. Must resolve
host name to IP address to establish communication. It is connection oriented (i.e. verifies that
packets reach destination).
TFTP - Same as FTP but not connection oriented.
ARP - provides IP-address to MAC address resolution for IP packets. A MAC address is your
computer\'s unique hardware number and appears in the form 00-A0-F1-27-64-E1 (for example).
Each computer stores an ARP cache of other computers ARP-IP combinations.
POP3 - Post Office Protocol. A POP3 mail server holds mail until the workstation is ready to
receive it.
IMAP - Like POP3, Internet Message Access Protocol is a standard protocol for accessing e-
mail from your local server. IMAP (the latest version is IMAP4) is a client/server protocol in
which e-mail is received and held for you by your Internet server.
TELNET - Provides a virtual terminal or remote login across the network that is connection-
based. The remote server must be running a Telnet service for clients to connect.
HTTP - The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the set of rules for exchanging files (text, graphic
images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. It is the protocol
controlling the transfer and addressing of HTTP requests and responses.
HTTPS - Signifies that a web page is using the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol and is
providing a secure connection. This is used for secure internet business transactions.
NTP - Network Time Protocol is a protocol that is used to synchronize computer clock times in
a network of computers.
SNMP - Stands for Simple Network Management Protocol and is used for monitoring and status
information on a network. SNMP can be used to monitor any device that is SNMP capable and
this can include computers, printers, routers, servers, gateways and many more using agents on
the target systems. The agents report information back to the management systems by the use of
“traps” which capture snapshot data of the system. This trap information could be system errors,
resource information, or other info.
A deep introduction to Internet and internet services.
This ppt contains all the minor and major information about Internet from basic internet, www, concepts
"Web Systems and Technologies" refer to the comprehensive landscape of software, protocols, frameworks, and methodologies that collectively power the World Wide Web. This domain encompasses everything from the fundamental building blocks of the internet to the sophisticated web applications and services we interact with on a daily basis. It's a multidisciplinary field that combines computer science, information technology, design, and user experience to create a seamless and interactive online experience.
Key components of Web Systems and Technologies include:
Web Development: This involves the creation of websites and web applications. It includes front-end development (the user interface and interactions), back-end development (server-side logic and databases), and full-stack development (combining both front-end and back-end skills).
Web Standards and Protocols: These are the rules and guidelines that ensure consistency and interoperability on the web. Examples include HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), and HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).
Web Servers and Hosting: Web servers are computers or software that store and deliver web content to users. Hosting involves providing the infrastructure and services to make websites accessible on the internet.
Client-Side Technologies: These are the technologies that run in a user's browser and provide interactive experiences. JavaScript is the most common language used for this purpose.
Server-Side Technologies: These are technologies that run on the web server and handle tasks like processing user requests, interacting with databases, and generating dynamic content. Common server-side languages include Python, Ruby, PHP, and Node.js.
Web Frameworks: These are pre-built libraries and tools that simplify and expedite the web development process. Examples include React, Angular, Vue.js, Django, Ruby on Rails, and Flask.
Databases: Web applications often rely on databases to store and manage data. Different types of databases include relational databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL) and NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB, Redis).
Web Security: This aspect focuses on protecting user data, preventing unauthorized access, and ensuring the overall security of web applications. Techniques include encryption, authentication, and authorization.
Web Accessibility: This involves designing and developing websites and applications that can be used by people with disabilities. It ensures that the web is inclusive and usable for all users.
Responsive Design: With the diversity of devices accessing the web, responsive design ensures that websites adapt and look good on various screen sizes, from desktops to smartphones.
Web Services and APIs: These allow different software applications to communicate and share data over the web. APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) enable developers to integrate third-party services into their applications.
Similar to Networking:) Based on Ethical Hacking And Cyber Security (20)
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Internet Protocol (IP) :
It is a network protocol operating at layer 3 (network) of the OSI
model. It is a connectionless model, meaning there is no
information regarding transaction state, which is used to route
packets on a network. Additionally, there is no method in place to
ensure that a packet is properly delivered to the destination.
Your Browser and Server use TCP/IP
Browsers and servers use TCP/IP to connect to the Internet.
A browser uses TCP/IP to access a server. A server uses TCP/IP
to send HTML back to a browser.
Your E-Mail uses TCP/IP
Your e-mail program uses TCP/IP to connect to the Internet for
sending and receiving e-mails.
Your Internet Address is TCP/IP
Your Internet address "192.168.10.14" is a part of the standard
TCP/IP protocol (and so is your domain name).
3. What is TCP/IP?
TCP/IP is the communication protocol for communication
between computers on the Internet.
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet
Protocol.
TCP/IP defines how electronic devices (like computers) should
be connected to the Internet, and how data should be transmitted
between them.
Inside TCP/IP
Inside the TCP/IP standard there are several protocols for
handling data communication:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) communication between
applications
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) simple communication
between applications
IP (Internet Protocol) communication between computers
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for errors and
statistics
4. IP is Connection-Less
IP is for communication between computers.
IP is a "connection-less" communication protocol.
IP does not occupy the communication line between two
computers. IP reduces the need for network lines. Each line can be
used for communication between many different computers at the
same time.
With IP, messages (or other data) are broken up into small
independent "packets" and sent between computers via the
Internet.
IP is responsible for "routing" each packet to the correct
destination.
5. TCP/IP
TCP/IP is TCP and IP working together.
TCP takes care of the communication between your application
software (i.e. your browser) and your network software.
IP takes care of the communication with other computers.
TCP is responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before
they are sent, and for assembling the packets when they arrive.
IP is responsible for sending the packets to the correct destination.
6. IP Addresses
Each computer must have an IP address before it can connect to
the Internet.
Each IP packet must have an address before it can be sent to
another computer.
IP address is the identity of computer or website.
7. Domain Names
A name is much easier to remember than a 12 digit number.
Names used for TCP/IP addresses are called domain names.
google.com is a domain name.
When you address a web site, like http://www.google.com, the
name is translated to a number by a Domain Name Server
(DNS).
All over the world, DNS servers are connected to the Internet.
DNS servers are responsible for translating domain names into
TCP/IP addresses.
When a new domain name is registered together with a TCP/IP
address, DNS servers all over the world are updated with this
information.
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TCP is used for transmission of data from an application to the
network.
TCP is responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before
they are sent, and for assembling the packets when they arrive.
8. IP - Internet Protocol
IP takes care of the communication with other computers.
IP is responsible for the sending and receiving data packets over
the Internet
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTP takes care of the communication between a web server
and a web browser.
HTTP is used for sending requests from a web client (a browser)
to a web server, returning web content (web pages) from the
server back to the client.
9. HTTPS - Secure HTTP
HTTPS takes care of secure communication between a web server
and a web browser.
HTTPS typically handles credit card transactions and other
sensitive data.
SSL - Secure Sockets Layer
The SSL protocol is used for encryption of data for secure data
transmission.
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMTP is used for transmission of e-mails.
MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
The MIME protocol lets SMTP transmit multimedia files
including voice, audio, and binary data across TCP/IP networks.
10. IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol
IMAP is used for storing and retrieving e-mails.
POP - Post Office Protocol
POP is used for downloading e-mails from an e-mail server to a
personal computer.
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
FTP takes care of transmission of files between computers.
NTP - Network Time Protocol
NTP is used to synchronize the time (the clock) between
computers.
11. DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP is used for allocation of dynamic IP addresses to
computers in a network.
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMP is used for administration of computer networks.
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LDAP is used for collecting information about users and e-mail
addresses from the internet.
ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol
ICMP takes care of error-handling in the network.
12. ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
ARP is used by IP to find the hardware address of a computer
network card based on the IP address.
RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
RARP is used by IP to find the IP address based on the hardware
address of a computer network card.
BOOTP - Boot Protocol
BOOTP is used for booting (starting) computers from the
network.
PPTP - Point to Point Tunneling Protocol
PPTP is used for setting up a connection (tunnel) between private
networks.
13. Common ports:
Below is a list of some common ports and the respective services
running on the ports.
20 FTP data (File Transfer Protocol)
21 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
22 SSH
23 Telnet
25 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
53 DNS (Domain Name Service)
68 DHCP (Dynamic host Configuration Protocol)
79 Finger
80 HTTP
110 POP3 (Post Office Protocol, version 3)
137 NetBIOS-ns
138 NetBIOS-dam
139 NetBIOS
143 IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
161 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
194 IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
220 IMAP3 (Internet Message Access Protocol 3)
389 LDAP
443 SSL (Secure Socket Layer)
445 SMB (NetBIOS over TCP)
14. Your Email Program Does
Your email program uses different TCP/IP protocols:
It sends your emails using SMTP
It can download your emails from an email server using POP
It can connect to an email server using IMAP
