The document provides an overview of computer applications, including: - A brief history of computers from the abacus to modern PCs. - The four main components of a computer system: hardware, software, data, and users. Hardware includes the central processing unit and other internal/external components. - Examples of different types of computers like desktops, laptops, and tablets. The document also discusses stand-alone vs. networked computers. - Common computer applications like word processing, spreadsheets, graphics/presentations, and web browsers. It also introduces the Windows XP operating system and desktop interface.

1. 1
COMPUTER APPLICATION
( B1003 )COMPUTER APPLICATION
( BC 101)
PREPARED BY :
JACEY D/O MARIADASS @ MANICKAM
(DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS,
SCIENCE AND COMPUTER)
LESSON FOR
WEEK 1

2. OBJECTIVES
 To be familiar with the history of computers.
 To identify the different types of computers.
 To identify the hardware components of a
computer.
 To identify a stand-alone computer and a
computer in a network.
 To identify the different operating systems.
2

3. 3
What Is
Computer ?
A computer is a machine that
manipulates data according to a
list of instructions.

4. DO YOU KNOW THE EVOLUTION OF
COMPUTER?????
4

5. 5
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
3000 BC – Abacus (sempoa) :
No Operating System OS required.

6. 6
 1617 – Napier Bone (Tulang Napier) for
multiplication
 No Operating System OS required.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER

7. 7
 1642 – Pascal invented the simple calculator
No Operating System OS required.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER

8. 8
 1801 – Herman Horrerith invented the Punch
Card machine.
 No Operating System OS required.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER

9. 9
 1822 – Charles Babbage built the Analytical
Engine similar to modern computers
 Analytical Engine, a general purpose,
programmable calculator.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER

10. 10
 1937 – Mark 1 - Howard Aiken introduced the
calculating machine.
 Machine language is used
HISTORY OF COMPUTER

11. 11
• 1939 -1954 : Vacuum tube
• big size, release heat and consumed
high power
• Example :
(i) ENIAC
( Electronic Numerical Integrator And
Calculator )
(ii) UNIVAC I
( Universal Automatic Calculator )
1ST
GENERATION OF
COMPUTER

12. 12
• 1954 -1959 : Transistor & Diod
• Computer named Minicomputer :
IBM 7090 & IBM 7094.
• Release heat but the size is smaller
& cheaper.
• FORTRAN & COBOL
2nd
GENERATION OF
COMPUTER

13. 13
• 1959 - 1971 : IC ( Integrated Circuit )
• computer named microcomputer
Apple II, IBM PC, NEC PC & Sinclair
• small size, cheap & fast.
• BASIC, Pascal & PL/1
3rd
GENERATION OF
COMPUTER

14. 14
•1971 - 1984 : VLSI ( Very Large Scale Integration )
• integrated with transistors in semiconductor
• Apple PC with Motorola Power PC603
• 1975,Bil Gates wrote the 1st
Programming Language
(Basic) Compiler.
4th
GENERATION OF
COMPUTER
World 1st
microprocess
or

15. 15
•1985 – today : microprocessor
• computer named supercomputer
x486, Pentium, Celeron, P4, Athlon, Core2 Duo, Phenom, Core2 Quad etc.
• affordable, very fast & reliable.
• OS : PC Dos, Macintosh, Linux, Windows Vista etc
5th
GENERATION OF
COMPUTER

16. 16
• forthcoming : Artificial Intelligence ( AI )
• CPU as human minded, revolution of miniature & smarter.
FORTHCOMING
GENERATION OF
COMPUTER

17. TYPES OF PERSONAL
COMPUTERS (PC)
 Desktop Computers
- is a computer where the system unit and
all the peripheral are placed on top of a
desk or a table.
17

18. TYPES OF PERSONAL
COMPUTERS (PC)
 Mobile Computers
- are the personal computers that you can
carry anywhere you go.
- the most common mobile computers are
Laptop and Tablet PC
18

19. Looking Inside the
Computer System

20. Parts of the Computer System
 Computer systems have four parts
– Hardware
– Software
– Data
– User

21. Parts of the Computer System
 Hardware
– Mechanical devices in the computer
– Anything that can be touched
 Software
– Tell the computer what to do
– Also called a program
– Thousands of programs exist

22. Parts of the Computer System
 Data
– Pieces of information
– Computer organize and present data
 Users
– People operating the computer
– Most important part
– Tell the computer what to do

23. 23
BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTERBASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
• Performing a task using a computer
involves 3 stages:

24. Basic Operations
 Input data is to feed information which can be supplied
by any person, environment or other computer.
 Processing data is manipulating data by performing
calculations, sorting lists of words or numbers, drawing
pictures.
 Storing data is for future retrieval and processing.
Memory holds data that is waiting to be processed, and
storage areas hold data permanently until the data is
deleted.
 Output data is the result produced by a computer, which
includes reports, documents, music, graphs and pictures.

25. 25
Functions of the Microcomputer

26. 26/44
INPUT DEVICES
• Hardware used to insert data
Bar Code Reader
Optical Scanner
Keyboard
Mouse

27. OUTPUT DEVICES
27
Speaker
Monitor
Printer

28. Essential Computer Hardware
 Input and output devices
– Allows the user to interact
– Input devices accept data
 Keyboard, mouse
– Output devices deliver data
 Monitor, printer, speaker, system unit, storage devices
– Some devices are input and output
 Touch screens

29. Essential Computer Hardware
 Storage devices
– Hold data and programs permanently
– Magnetic storage
 Floppy and hard drive
 Uses a magnet to access data
– Optical storage
 CD and DVD drives
 Uses a laser to access data

30. 30
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)(CPU)
• CPU is also called as a Processor.
• It is responsible for executing the given
instructions.
• It comprises of the following units:
a) Control Unit
b) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
c) Registers

31. 31
a) Control Unit
- controls the overall function of a computer.
- it interprets the instructions given in a program and
performs the necessary actions to carry out the instructions.
- it controls the flow of instructions and the data between the
various units of a computer.
b) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
- All the arithmetic operations and comparisons are carried
out in ALU.
- Arithmetic operation include addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division.
c) Register
- Is a small temporary storage location present inside the CPU.
- There are different types of registers, which can store the
instructions, location of data, data itself for the ALU to perform
calculations and the results of those calculations.

32. 32
MOTHERBOARDMOTHERBOARD
• Motherboard refers to the physical arrangement of printed circuits and
electronic components.
• Motherboard is also called as system board or main board.
• Various components are slot on the motherboard like sound card,
display card (graphic card), network card, modem (internal)

33. 33
STORAGE DEVICESSTORAGE DEVICES
• In a computer system, the fixed or removable device used for saving
data is called as storage device.
• The basic storage device used in the computer are:
a) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
b) Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)
c) CD-ROM / CD-Writer / DVD-ROM Drive

34. 34
a) Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
- is an internal hardware component that
stores and provide access to large amount
of data.
- You can write as well as read the data from
the hard disk.
- Apart from storing user data, hard disk also stores the operating
system and other application software needed for the system to
function.
- Normally, the capacity of the hard disk is measure in gigabytes.
20GB 40GB 80GB 260GB

35. 35
b) Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)
- You can store data in it and transfer
it to any system.
- The floppy disk that is available now
is the 31/2 inch floppy disk with
storage capacity of 1.44 MB.
- A device that enables you to read
and write data to a floppy disk.

36. 36
c) CD-ROM / CD-Writer / DVD-ROM Drive
Compact Disk
- Compact disk (CD) is a simple external storage device.
- Normally, a CD can hold approximately 650MB of data.
- There are two types of CD’s
a) Compact Disk – Read only (CD-R)
- you can store information only once but read and copy as
many times as required.
b) Compact Disk – Read and Write (CD-RW)
- you can read, erase and write information as many times as
required.
650 MB

37. 37
OTHER STORAGE DEVICESOTHER STORAGE DEVICES
Pen Drive / Thumb Drive
- Pen drive is a device that are used to transfer large data across
computers.
- It is removable hard disk drive with USB connection.
- It can store up to 1GB. Latest 32 GB.
- Pen drive is a plug and play device.
- You can simply plug it into any USB port in your computer.
- The computer will automatically detect it as a removable drive.
- You can read, write, copy, delete and move data from your hard disk
drive
to the pen drive or from the pen drive to your hard disk.

38.  LET US UNDERSTAND PARTS OF THE
COMPUTER…..
38

39. 39
COMPUTER
HARDWARE
The physical parts of a computer

40. ESSENTIAL COMPUTER
HARDWARE
40

41. Computer data
 Fact with no meaning on its own
 Stored using the binary number system
 Data can be organized into files

42. STANDALONE VS NETWORK
COMPUTERS
STANDALONE COMPUTERS NETWORK COMPUTERS
• A standalone computer is a self-sufficient system. There
is no connection to any other computer.
• A network computer is a computer that
connects to one or more computers for the
main purpose of communicating.
• For various tasks such as writing a memo or creating a
spreadsheet, the software applications installed on the
standalone’s hard drive are used.
• The standalone may also have a printer, scanner,
or external hard drive attached to its CPU to use
to print or scan a document, or implement a
backup system.
• Advantage: It is more secure than computers that are part
of a network
- possibility eliminates the concern that hackers, spyware,
or viruses can compromise confidential information by
accessing it.
• Advantage : it shares resources such as
software applications, printers, disk drives and
data files with the other networked computers.
• Disadvantage : not being part of a network is not being
able to accomplish any tasks that require an internet
connection such as e-mail, browsing the internet or
sharing files with other users – anything that is not locally
stored on the computer’s hard drive.
• Disadvantage : real possibility of becoming a
victim of computer hackers, viruses or spyware.
With the possibility of a real threat, it would be in
your best interest to install a virus protection
and malware software.42

43. Network System
 A network provides connections among computers to enable computers on a
network to share data (e.g. documents), hardware (e.g. printers), and software
resources (e.g. application programs).
 Network users can also send messages to each other.
 A network must be secured to protect data from unauthorized usage (e.g. using
login name and password to gain access to a network).
Network connection
components:
•Network Interface Card
(NIC)
•Modem
•Phone line or cable
•Internet Service
Provider (ISP)
Internet

44. To The
Internet
To The
Internet
To The
Internet
To The
Internet

46. ADVANTAGES OF
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
 The local-area network (LAN) normally covers an area less
than two miles. It is a privately owned and links devices in a
single office, building, or campus. A LAN can be a simply
design of two personal computers and a printer or can be more
complex and extend throughout a company and include audio
and video peripherals.
 Advantages: A LAN enables share resources, hardware,
software or data, between personal computers or workstations.
The newest LAN technology is wireless LANs.
46

47. 47
What Is Software ?
• Software is a set of programs that
activate the hardware.
• A program is a set of instructions
that tells the computer what to
perform and how to perform the
given task.

48. 48
Software
• Software can be broadly classified
as Operating System and Computer
Application Software.
• System software is software that
acts as an interface between the
user and the hardware.

49. 49
Operating System
 Operating system is system software that controls all the
activities of the hardware and it provides an effective
communication between the user , hardware and other
application software.
 Without a computer operating system, a computer would be
useless.
 Example :
- Microsoft Windows 95/98/2000/XP/Vista, Linux Red Hat,
Solaris, Apple Macintosh.

50. 50
1. Word
Processing
For letter, memo, assignment, report, etc.
 Microsoft Word, Word Pad, Word Perfect
2. Spreadsheet For graph plotting, accounts, calculation, etc.
 Microsoft excel, Lotus 123
3. Graphics &
Presentation
For graphical designs, pamphlet, presentation
 Microsoft PowerPoint, Adobe, Photoshop, etc
4. Project Management
It provides all the tools you need for effecting planning, tracking,
problem solving, sharing and completing a project in keeping with
conventional management principles and practices.
• Microsoft Project
5. Web Browser  Internet Explorer, Netscape, Mozilla
• Software Application is a set of programs that is used to perform a specific
task.
Application Software

51. 51
COMPUTER APPLICATION
( B1003 )COMPUTER APPLICATION
( BC 101 )
PREPARED BY :
JACEY D/O MARIADASS @ MANICKAM
(DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS,
SCIENCE AND COMPUTER)
LESSON FOR
WEEK 2

52. INTRODUCTION TO
WINDOW XP

53. OBJECTIVES:
• To discuss the parts of the Windows XP desktop.
• To discuss the parts of the Start menu.
• To locate the Taskbar.
• To Log off.
• To restart and turn of the computer properly.
• To using Help and Support Menu.
• To work with Window, Menus, Dialog Box and
Shortcuts.

54. WINDOW XP
Is an operating system that lets you use different
types of applications or software.
Is a graphical user interface (GUI). It has pictures
(graphical) that you use (user) to communicate
(interface) with the computer.
This OS has multitasking capabilities, meaning it
can run several applications at the same time.
Multitasking allows you to view this module on the
Internet at the same time that you practice using
other applications with Window XP.

55. THE WINDOWS XP DESKTOP
 Window XP uses a desktop for the standard
interface.
 You can think the desktop as workspaces
where you can access everything you need
to operate your computer, such as system
components, applications, the Internet, etc.

56. The desktop contains:

57. THE START MENU
 To begin exploring Windows XP, click the Start
button.
When you click the
Start button, the Start
menu appears.
The Start menu is
your gateway to the
applications that are
on your computer.
Lists
Programs
Allows
access to
common
Windows
folders.
Provides
access to
Help and
Support,
Search and
Run.

58. If you select
All
Programs, a
pop – up
menu
appears.
Pop – up menus like
this are called
cascading menus.
If a cascading menu is
available, a small black
triangle appears next to
the name of the
application or function.

59. EXPLORING THE START MENU
 PROCEDURE:
1) Click the Start button.
2) Move the mouse to each option and view the various
cascading menus.
3) Click All Programs.
4) Move the mouse pointer to the right and view other
cascading menus.
5) To exit the menu:
- click outside the menu area OR
- press Esc on your keyboard.

60.  The Start menu remembers items you’ve recently opened and
places the icon on the Start menu so you can easily open it
next time you open the Start menu.
If you recently opened Microsoft Word using
Start
All Programs
Microsoft Word
the next time you open the Start menu,
simply click the Word icon on the left side of
the Start menu.

61. ICONS
 The small pictures on the desktop are called icons.
 Shortcut icons allows you to open an application quickly. This
icons appear on your desktop and
with little arrow in the left corner.
 Desktop shortcuts are links to files and programs.
 You can add or delete shortcuts without affecting
the programs on your computer.

62. THE TASKBAR
• The taskbar is the small blue bar you see at the bottom of your
desktop.
Start Menu
Quick Launch bar contains
icons for Internet Explorer,
Show Desktop and window
Media Player.
• How to click an icon to open a program?
Click Show Desktop to quickly view your desktop
without closing any programs or windows.

63. Continue….
 The box on the right is called the Notification Area. Here you will find
the clock and several other icons depending on what you have
installed on your computer. Other icons appear in the Notification
Area detailing the status of your activity.
 When you open or minimize a window or program, a rectangular
button appears on the taskbar that shows the name of the
application. This buttons disappear when you close a window.

64. LOG OFF, TURN OFF AND
RESTART THE COMPUTER
 LOG OFF
- Windows XP enables you to log off the computer so
that someone else can log on without having to
restart the computer.
 PROCEDURE:
1) Click the Start menu and click Log Off.
2) A dialog box appears asking you if
you want to Log Off.
3) If you choose Log Off, your applications will close.

65. Continue…
 TURN OFF
- When you’ve finished using Windows XP, be sure to
turn off (or shut down) the computer correctly.
 Procedure :
1) Click the Start menu.
2) Click Turn Off Computer.
3) A dialog box appears. Click Turn Off.

66. Continue…
 RESTART
- If you’re experiencing computer problems or have
installed something new, you can simply restart your
computer.
 Procedure:
1) Click the Start menu.
2) Click Turn Off Computer.
3) A dialog box opens. Click Restart.

67.  Always turn off or restart your
computer using this method.
 Do not turn off your computer
by switching the power off and
on.
 If you do so, you may damage
Windows XP.

68. USING HELP AND SUPPORT
Click a topic
to browse.

69. • This opens a two pane window.
Left pane : click the subject area
you want.

70. Right pane : A list of
help articles appears.
Then, click the name of
the help article you
want to read.
The topic you want to know
will appear. Now you can
learn what you want
regarding Windows XP.
Just press Esc in your
keyboard to go back to
existing interface.
* Home & Back button.

71. WINDOW XP BARS AND
BUTTONS
 The rectangular work area for a program, file or other task is called
window.
 Below is an example of a Microsoft Word window.
 The workspace is the white area inside the window. This is where you
do your work with a program, such as writing a letter. Depending on
what program you’re working with, the workspace will appear
differently.
Workspace

72. PARTS OF WINDOWS
(a) Title Bar (c) Menu Bar (b ) Window Control
(d) Toolbars
(g) Scrollbars
(f) Explorer bar
(e) Control Menu

73. Explanation of each part.

74. SCROLL
BAR
• A bar that appears to the right of (or sometimes
below) the window content when there is more
content that can fit in the window at once. It
enables you to scroll the not displayed content
into view.

75. MINIMIZING
WINDOW
MAXIMIZING
WINDOW
CLOSING
WINDOW
RESTORE
BUTTON
When you maximize a window, the
Maximize button is replaced with a
Restore button, which you can click to
return the window to its normal size.

76. MOVING AND RESIZING A
WINDOW
 To move a window, drag it by its title bar. The title bar functions
as a “handle” for repositioning the window anywhere you want
it.
 You can resize a window by dragging the left, right or bottom
border. When you position the mouse pointer over a border, the
pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, indicating that you
can hold down the mouse button and move the mouse to
change the window’s size.
 If you point to a corner of window, the pointer changes to a
diagonal two-headed arrow, and you can change both the
height and the width of the window at the same time by
dragging.

77.  Working with menus – shortcut menu
 Working with Dialog Boxes
Command
button

78. Check
box
Increment buttonOption
button
Text box
Drop-down
list

79.  Check box
- Click to toggle on or off.
 Increment button
- Click the up or down arrow next to a text box to increase or decrease a numeric
value incrementally, as an optional alternative to typing the number manually.
 Option button
- Click a button to select a single item from a group of options. When you make a
new selection, the previous selection becomes deselected.
 Text box
- Type the desired value or setting.
 Drop-down list
- Click the down arrow next to the present selection, and then make a new
selection from the list that appears.

80. MANAGE A FILE AND FOLDER
 OBJECTIVES:
- To identify and use Windows XP toolbars.
- To create a file.
- To create a folder.

81. WHAT IS A FILE?
 Files are collections of information.
 Almost all of the information stored in a
computer is stored in a file.
 There are many different types of files,
including operating system files, program
files and your own files.
 Each file is given a filename and has three-
letter filename extension that identifies the
file type.

82. MANAGING FILES
• The main function for Windows Explorer is to
display all the content of file in the storage.
• Windows Explorer also could help in managing
files and finding files.

83. 83
1
2
3
4
1. Click Start
2. Click All Programs
3. Click Accessories
4. Click Window Explorer

84. Managing Files using My Computer
Double Click on My Computer
Click on drop down menu
and select My Computer
OR
Double click Hard
Disk Drive label (C:).

85. CREATE FOLDER
85
1. Click the File menu,
2. Select New
3. Choose Folder.
1
2 3
New Folder have been created.

86. RENAME FOLDER
86
1. Right hand click your new
Folder and select Rename.
2. Type a new folder name.
1

87. Finding Files
1
2
3
1. Click the Search button
Example:
If you want to find files and folders:
2. Click on All Files and folders.
3. Type of the files that you need
to find.
4. Select where you want to look in
your folder.
4. Click Search button.
4
5

88. COPY FILE
5. Select where you want to locate
your copy folder
6. Click Copy.
1
2
3
4
5
Select any file to copy
Click the Edit menu
Select Copy to Folder
The popup of Copy Items will appear
6

89. RENAME FILE
1. Right hand click the file
you want to rename.
2. Select Rename. Then,
type a new name for the
file.
1
2

90. DELETE FILE
1. Right hand click the file you
want to Delete.
2. Select Delete.
3. The popup Confirm Folder
Delete will appear.
- If you click Yes button, the
file will be deleted.
- If you click No button, the file
will not be deleted.
1
2
3

91. Transfer Files to a New Folder
1
2
3
4
5
6
Select any file to copy
Click the Edit menu
Select Move to Folder
The popup of Move Items will appear
5. Select where you want to locate
your move folder
6. Click Move.

92.  Explain to student how to :
- use keyboard to delete files
- copy and paste the files without using Edit
Menu (Copy to Folder)
- cut and paste the files without using Edit
Menu (Move to Folder)
92