This is a module for configuration and computer system

1. CONFIGURATION AND
COMPUTER
SYSTEM AND NETWORK
HARDWARE
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:
Create cross-over and straight-through cables

2. CONFIGURATION AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS
AND NETWORK’S HARDWARE
Hardware
-the physical computer and
its components
Storage Devices
-stores data and
program instructions
Central Processing
Unit (CPU) – carries
out program
instructions
Input Devices – allow
the user to
communicate with the
computer
Output Devices –
enable the computer
to present information
to the user
Diskette
USB
CD
Arithmetic Unit
Registers Control Section
InternalBus
Keyboard
Mouse
Joystick
Printers
Monitors
Speakers
Scanners

3. CONFIGURATION AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS
AND NETWORK’S HARDWARE
Software- the programs
that run the computer
System or OS- tells the CPU
what to do
Application – performs
specific personal, business
or scientific processing
tasks
Programming – makes
computer programs which
uses different programming
languages
MS DOS Windows
MAC OS
Corel Linux
Word Processor, Spreadsheet,
Presentation, Database
Programs,
Desktop Publishing, Reference,
Graphics, Educational,
Computer
Games, Network, Language
Cobol, Pascal, Java, Visual
Basics,
Fox Pro

4. WHAT IS COMPUTER?
• A computer is a device that accepts information (in
the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for
some result based on a program or sequence of
instructions on how the data is to be processed.

5. TYPES OF COMPUTER:
• Since the advent of the first computer different types and sizes of computers are
offering different services. Computers can be as big as occupying a large building
and as small as a laptop or a microcontroller in systems. The four basic types of
computers are:
• 1. Supercomputer
• 2. Mainframe computer
• 3. Minicomputer
• 4. Microcomputer

6. SUPERCOMPUTER
• The most powerful computers in terms of performance and
data processing are the supercomputers. These are
specialized and task-specific computers used by large
organizations. These computers are used for research and
exploration purposes like NASA uses supercomputers for
launching space shuttles, controlling them, and for space
exploration purposes

7. SUPERCOMPUTER

8. USES OF SUPERCOMPUTER
• In Pakistan and other countries, Supercomputers
are used by Educational Institutes like NUST
(Pakistan) for research purposes. Pakistan Atomic
Energy commission & Heavy Industry Taxila uses
supercomputers for Research purposes.

9. USES OF SUPERCOMPUTER
• Space Exploration
• Supercomputers are used to study the origin of the
universe, the dark-matters. For these studies,
scientists use IBM’s powerful supercomputer
“Roadrunner” at National Laboratory Los Alamos.

10. USES OF SUPERCOMPUTER
• Earthquake studies
• Supercomputers are used to study the Earthquake
phenomenon. Besides that, supercomputers are used
for natural resources exploration, like natural gas,
petroleum, coal, etc

11. USES OF SUPERCOMPUTER
• Weather Forecasting
• Supercomputers are used for weather forecasting,
and to study the nature and extent of Hurricanes,
Rainfalls, windstorms, etc.

12. USES OF SUPERCOMPUTER
• Nuclear weapons testing
• Supercomputers are used to run weapon simulations
that can test the Range, accuracy & impact of
Nuclear weapons.

13. POPULAR SUPERCOMPUTERS
• IBM’s Sequoia, in the United States
• • Fujitsu’s K Computer in Japan
• • IBM’s Mira in the United States
• • IBM’s SuperMUC in Germany
• • NUDT Tianhe-1A in China

14. MAINFRAME COMPUTER
• Although Mainframes are not as powerful as supercomputers, certainly they are
quite expensive nonetheless, and many large firms & government organizations use
Mainframes to run their business operations.
• The Mainframe computers can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms
because of their size. Super-computers are the fastest computers with large data
storage capacity, Mainframes can also process & store a large amount of data
• Banks educational institutions & insurance companies use mainframe computers to
store data about their customers, students & insurance policyholders.

15. POPULAR MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
• Fujitsu’s ICL VME
• • Hitachi’s Z800

16. MINICOMPUTER
• Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also called
“Midrange Computers”.
• These are small machines and can be accommodated on a disk with not as
processing and data storage capabilities as super-computers & Mainframes
• These computers are not designed for a single user.
• Individual departments of a large company or organizations use Mini-computers for
specific purposes. For example, a production department can use Mini-computers for
monitoring the certain production process.

17. POPULAR MINICOMPUTERS
• • K-202
• • Texas Instrument TI-990
• • SDS-92
• • IBM Midrange computers

18. MICROCOMPUTER
• Desktop computers, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDA), tablets &
smartphones are all types of microcomputers.
• Micro-computers are widely used & the fastest growing computers.
• These computers are the cheapest among the other three types of computers
• The Micro-computers are specially designed for general usages like entertainment,
education and work purposes.

19. THE 3 FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS OF THE
COMPUTER
• System Unit> acts like the center or core, processing the data and information it
receives from input devices.
• • Input Devices>An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a
computer, allowing you to interact with and control the computer.
• • Output Devices>these are the devices like printers. It receives the system unit's
processed information.

20. INPUT DEVICES
• The most commonly used or primary input devices
on a computer are the keyboard and mouse.
However, dozens of other devices can also be used to
input data into the computer.

21. OUTPUT DEVICE
•Is any peripheral that receives data
from a computer, usually for display,
projection, or physical reproduction

22. BASIC PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT
• 1.System Case
• 2. Motherboard
• 3. CPU
• 4. Power Supply
• 5. Hard disk
• 6. CDROM drive
• 7.Expansion Slot

23. SYSTEM CASE
• A computer case is also known as a computer chassis, tower, system unit, cabinet,
base unit or simply case and sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "CPU" or "hard
drive", is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer.
• Two Types of System Case
• 1. Tower (Full, Mid, Mini) – designed to sit vertically
• 2. Desktop (Standard, Slimline) – designed to sit vertically

24. MOTHERBOARD
• A Motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board,
planar board, or logic board) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in
computers and other expandable systems.
• It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic
components of a system such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and
provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a motherboard
contains significant sub-systems such as the processor and other components

25. MOTHERBOARD

26. CPU
• A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that
carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic
arithmetic, logical, control, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the
instructions
• The term has been used in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s.
Traditionally, the term "CPU" refers to a processor, more specifically to its
processing unit and control unit (CU), distinguishing these core elements of a
computer from external components such as main memory and I/O circuitry.
• Machine language – 1 0 1 0

27. CPU

28. POWER SUPPLY (WATTAGE)
• A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical
load
• The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to
another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power
converters.
• Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into
larger devices along with their loads.
• Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and
consumer electronics devices.

29. POWER SUPPLY (WATTAGE)

30. HARD DISK (STORAGE CAPACITY - GIGABYTES
(GB))
• A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk] is a data storage device
used for storing and retrieving digital information using one or more rigid ("hard")
rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.
• The platters are paired with magnetic heads arranged on a moving actuator arm,
which read and write data to the platter surfaces
• Data is accessed in a random-access manner, meaning that individual blocks of data
can be stored or retrieved in any order rather than sequentially. HDDs retain stored
data even when powered off.

31. HARD DISK (STORAGE CAPACITY - GIGABYTES
(GB))

32. TWO TYPES OF HARD DISK
• SATA - Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
• IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics

33. CD-ROM (CAPABILITY
CDROM/CDRW/DVDROM/DVDRW)
• A CD-ROM is a pre-pressed optical compact disc that
contains data. The name is an acronym that stands for
"Compact Disc Read-Only Memory". Computers can read
CD-ROMs, but cannot write to CD-ROMs that are not
writable or erasable. CD- Compact Disk (700MB) DVD-
Digital Versatile Disk (4.7 Gb)

34. CD-ROM (CAPABILITY
CDROM/CDRW/DVDROM/DVDRW)

35. EXPANSION SLOT
• the expansion slot (also expansion board, adapter card, or accessory card) in
computing is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector,
or expansion slot on a computer motherboard, backplane, or riser card to add
functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus.

36. • This is where you install the video card, sound card, LAN card