The document discusses the history and components of computers. It describes how early computers were developed to perform calculations but are now used for a variety of purposes. The main components of a computer are the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input devices, output devices, and buses that connect them. The CPU fetches and executes instructions while the memory stores active programs and data. Common internal components are the motherboard, processor, RAM, and hard drive, while external components include keyboards, mice, displays, and optical drives.

1. Assignment on
How the computer device working & about computer parts.
Course Title: Data Communication
Course Code: CSE 313
Submitted To Submitted by
Pronab nath bondhu Fairuz Fatemi
Lecturer ID:1834902087
City University Batch:49(B)Day
B.S.C in CSE
D:22/08/2021

2. What Does Computer Mean?
• A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations and
operations based on instructions provided by a software or hardware
program. It has the ability to accept data (input), process it, and then
produce outputs. Computers can also store data for later uses in appropriate
storage devices, and retrieve whenever it is necessary.
Modern computers are electronic devices used for a variety of purposes
ranging from browsing the web, writing documents, editing videos, creating
applications, playing video games, etc

3. History of Computers
• The computer was born not for entertainment ,the computer was born an apparatus that
performs routine calculations automatically.
• 1880, the U.S. population had grown so large that it took more than seven years to tabulate
the U.S. Census results. Today, we carry more computing power on our smartphones than
was available in these early models. The following brief history of computing is a timeline of
how computers evolved from their humble beginnings to the machines of today that surf the
Internet, play games and stream multimedia in addition to crunching numbers.
• They had to solve all the heady problems of developing such a device, of implementing the
design, of actually building the thing. The history of the solving of these problems is the
history of the computer. That history is covered in this section, and links are provided to
entries on many of the individuals and companies mentioned. In addition, see the articles
computer science and supercomputer.

4. The computer work with these things or computers need
them to work or the components
• The Central Processing Unit: (CPU),
• Buses,
• Ports and controllers,
• ROM; Main Memory (RAM);
• Input Devices;
• Output Devices;
• Secondary Storage;
• hard disk,
• CD - rom
• Modem
• Key board etc.

5. Details of the topic of the previous slide
• Input: the keyboard and mouse, for example, are just input units ways of
getting information into the computer that it can process. If the use a
microphone and voice recognition software, that's another form of input.
• Memory/storage: the computer probably stores all your documents and files
on a hard drive a huge magnetic memory.
• Processing: the computer's processor is a microchip buried deep inside. It
works amazingly hard and gets incredibly hot in the process.
• Output: the computer probably has an LCD screen capable of displaying
high-resolution graphics. An inkjet printer on the desk to make a more
permanent form of output

6. The computer device working procedure:
The CPU and memory
• Inside The Computer This part of the reading will examine the CPU, Buses, Controllers, and Main Memory.
Other sections will examine input devices, output devices, and secondary memory. The Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
• The Central Processing Unit The computer does its primary work in a part of the machine we cannot see. This
control center , called the central processing unit (CPU), is a highly complex, extensive set of electronic circuitry
that executes stored program instructions. All computers, large and small, must have a central processing unit. As
Figure shows, the central processing unit consists of two parts: The control unit and the arithmetic/logic unit. Each
part has a specific function.

7. Components details:
• Motherboard :The motherboard is the core of the system. It really is the PC; everything else is
connected to it, and it controls everything in the system.
• Processor: The processor is often thought of as the "engine" of the computer. It's also called
the called cup.
• Memory (RAM) :The system memory is often called RAM (for random access memory). This is
the primary memory, which holds all the programs and data the processor is using at a given time.
• Hard drive: The hard disk is the primary archival storage memory for the system. "Hard Disk
Storage."
• CD-ROM/DVD-ROM:: CD-ROM (compact disc read-only) and DVD-ROM (digital versatile
disc read-only) drives are relatively high-capacity, removable media, optical drives
• Keyboard: The keyboard is the primary device on a PC that is used by a human to communicate
with and control a system.

8. Summary on the Computer Science and Information Technology
• The Computer is a man-made electronic programmable machine designed to
sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic and logical
operations. Computers on Society Discoveries and invention of devices are
always welcomed till we, humans find a way to abuse its benefits and be
adversely affected by it. Computers have influenced all sphere of modern
society in a big way by the way people keep in touch with each other, the
way people entertain themselves using computer and the way people buy and
sell things.
• Here, we are giving summary on the Computer Science and Information
Technology which has covered all the fundamentals of computers.

9. Reference :
• https://www.google.com/search?q=computer+components+in+detail&rlz=1C1CHBF_enBD921BD
921&oq=computer+coponentes+detail&aqs=chrome.2.69i57j0i22i30l3.46082j0j15&sourceid=chr
ome&ie=UTF- 8
• https://ecomputernotes.com/fundamental/introduction-to-computer/computer-components