The document discusses various computer components and ports used to connect peripheral devices to computers. It describes serial and parallel ports, PS/2 ports, USB ports, FireWire ports, internal hard drive controllers including IDE, EIDE, Ultra, and SCSI, as well as CD-ROM, DVD, floppy drives, tape backups, modems, and network interface cards. It also covers system resources like interrupts, DMA channels, I/O addresses, and portable computing devices such as notebooks, PCMCIA cards, docking stations, and infrared and wireless technologies.
A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred to as a jack)
while a connector is any connector used within computers or to connect computers to networks, printers or other devices.
In computer hardware, a port serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or
peripheral devices. Computer ports have many uses, to connect a monitor, webcam, speakers, or other
peripheral devices. On the physical layer, a computer port is a specialized outlet on a piece of
equipment to which a plug or cable connects. Electronically, the several conductors where the port and
cable contacts connect provide a method to transfer signals between devices.
Topic :1.USB Port
2. Firewire Port
3. Bluetooth Port
4. SCSI Port
5. eSATA Port
6. IrDA Port
7. MIDI Port
8. Port Replicator and Docking Station
9. Buses
Topic : 1 For Buying A Personal Computer
2 Parallel Processing
3 Data Representation
Topic:
Expansion Busses
Bays
Power Supply
Keeping Your Computer and Mobile Devices clean
Expansion card or Add on card Power point Presentation.Arun Kc
This Power point Presentation for knowledge about Expansion card or Add on card. This is very simple presentation.Graphics card,Sound card, Network card and physical construction for expansion card are include this slide presentation.
A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred to as a jack)
while a connector is any connector used within computers or to connect computers to networks, printers or other devices.
In computer hardware, a port serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or
peripheral devices. Computer ports have many uses, to connect a monitor, webcam, speakers, or other
peripheral devices. On the physical layer, a computer port is a specialized outlet on a piece of
equipment to which a plug or cable connects. Electronically, the several conductors where the port and
cable contacts connect provide a method to transfer signals between devices.
Topic :1.USB Port
2. Firewire Port
3. Bluetooth Port
4. SCSI Port
5. eSATA Port
6. IrDA Port
7. MIDI Port
8. Port Replicator and Docking Station
9. Buses
Topic : 1 For Buying A Personal Computer
2 Parallel Processing
3 Data Representation
Topic:
Expansion Busses
Bays
Power Supply
Keeping Your Computer and Mobile Devices clean
Expansion card or Add on card Power point Presentation.Arun Kc
This Power point Presentation for knowledge about Expansion card or Add on card. This is very simple presentation.Graphics card,Sound card, Network card and physical construction for expansion card are include this slide presentation.
The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage. He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers.
parts of computer
In this slide presentation you will get to know how computers work, the processes, basic mechanism and also the various components of the machine as a system.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This Slideshare is the sole Property of the Welingkar School of Distance Learning – Reproduction of this material , without prior consent, either wholly or partially will be treated as a violation of copyright.
Computer is a device that can process information. Bus, powersupply, ports and other peripherals such as modems etc. form the components of a computer.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
100% ASSURED PLACEMENT FOR HARDWARE AND NETWORKING PAY PLACEMENT FEES AFTER GETTING PLACEMENT.
IICT Chromepet, Chennai provides real-time and placement focused computer networking training in chennai . Our hardware and networking course includes basic to advanced level and our computer networking course is designed to get the placement in good MNC companies in chennai as quickly as once you complete the networking LAN, WAN training course. Our computer networking trainer is hardware and networking certified expert and experienced working professionals with hands on real time multiple Networking projects knowledge. We have designed our computer networking course content and syllabus based on students requirement to achieve everyone's career goal. In our computer networking training program, you will learn Networking Basics, Wired Networking concepts, Local Area Network, WAN, Wireless Networking, Network Security, networking access control, troubleshooting, computer networking real time project and hardware and networking placement training.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
2. Serial and Parallel Ports
• All peripheral devices that
connect to the computer use
connectors on the back of the
computer known as ports.
• A serial port can be used to
connect devices that use a
serial interface such as a
modem, scanner, mouse, etc.
• A parallel port is a socket on
the computer that is used to
connect a printer or other
peripheral device such as a
portable hard disk, tape
backup, scanner, or a CD-
ROM.
3. PS/2 Ports/ 6-pin Mini DIN, 5-
pin DIN
• PS/2 keyboard or PS/2 mouse
ports are used to connect the
PC to its keyboard and mouse.
4. Universal Serial Bus (USB) and
FireWire• The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an
external port and allows user to
connect up to 127 external PC
peripherals, including USB
keyboards, mice, printers, modems,
scanners, and external disk drives.
• FireWire, also known as i.LINK or
IEEE 1394 is a high-speed, platform-
independent communication bus that
interconnects digital devices such as
digital video cameras, printers,
scanners, digital cameras, and hard
drives.
5. IDE, EIDE, Ultra,
and SCSI Controllers
• The internal hard drive is
connected to a disk
controller with a cable.
• The hard drive and other
devices can use one of two
types of interface controllers
to work with the computer.
• These include the
Enhanced Integrated Drive
Electronics (EIDE), and
Small Computer System
Interface (SCSI,
pronounced "scuzzy")
connections.
6. IDE, EIDE, Ultra,
and SCSI Controllers (cont.)
• Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) is a type of hardware
interface widely used to connect hard disks, CD-ROMs,
and tape drives to a PC.
• 20 GB IDE hard disks have become entry level.
• The IDE interface is officially known as the AT Attachment
(ATA) specification.
• Enhanced IDE (EIDE) or ATA-2 disk drives is the "new
and improved" IDE. The EIDE interface can handle up to
8.4 GB or more.
• Ultra ATA disk drives are typically much faster than the
older ATA and ATA-2 disk drives.
• Typical Ultra drive sizes can go up to 50 GB or more.
7. IDE, EIDE, Ultra,
and SCSI Controllers (cont.)
• SCSI devices have the controlling electronics on each of
the drives. However, SCSI is a much more advanced
interface controller than ATA-2/EIDE. It is ideal for high-
end computers, including network servers.
• SCSI devices are typically connected in a series, forming
a chain that is commonly referred to as a daisy chain.
• There are three types of SCSI termination :
1. Passive
2. Active
3. Forced Perfection
8. SCSI Disk Types
• Three major versions of the
SCSI standard are currently
on the market, SCSI-1,
SCSI-2, and SCSI-3.
• To help identify the
signaling system used by
SCSI devices (controllers
and drives), a system of
symbols has been devised
to identify the different
signaling systems.
9. SCSI Disk Types (cont.)
• SCSI-1, was used by many Apple
computers in the early 1980s. By
today’s standards it was rather
slow.
• SCSI-2 uses two different signaling
systems, known as single-ended
interface and differential interface.
The two signaling systems are
incompatible and cannot be mixed
on the same SCSI bus.
• This figure shows an example of a
50-pin, 68-pin, and 80-pin (SCA)
connector.
• SCSI-3 is the latest standard of the
SCSI family. It combines all the
best features of the previous SCSI
standards.
11. Floppy Drives
• A Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)
magnetically reads and
writes information onto
floppy diskettes, which are
a form of removable storage
media.
• The main drawback to the
floppy diskette is that it only
holds 1.44 MB of
information, although most
PCs still have a floppy
drive.
12. The Hard Drive
• The HDD has a much
larger storage capacity
than the floppy for long-
term storage.
• It stores programs and
files, as well as the
operating system.
• Typically, the HDD is an
internal drive that
cannot be removed
from the computer.
13. The Hard Drive (cont.)
• Hard Drive
Components include:
disk platters, read/write
heads, head actuator
assembly, spindle
motor, logic/circuit
board, bezel/faceplate,
configuration jumpers,
and interface
connectors.
14. The Hard Drive (cont.)
• Disk platters are the actual
media on which data is stored in
the hard disk drive.
• A hard disk drive typically has
two to ten platters. They are
usually either 2 ½” or 3 ½” in
diameter and are typically
constructed of aluminum or a
glass-ceramic composite
material.
• Platters are stacked with spaces
between them on a hub that
holds them in position, separate
from one another.
• The hub is also called the
spindle.
15. The Hard Drive (cont.)
• The hard disk drive functions in much the
same way as a floppy disk drive.
• The disk platters spin at a high speed while
the drive heads access the media to conduct
read or write operations.
• Personal computers have at least one HDD
installed inside the system unit.
• If more storage capacity is needed, another
HDD can usually be added.
• The capacity of the HDD is a measure of how
much information it can store.
16. CD-ROMs
• A CD-ROM drive is a secondary
storage device that reads
information stored on a compact
disc. The CD-ROM is an optical
media.
• They are used for installing
programs, running applications
that install some of the files to the
hard drive, and executing the
program by transferring the data
from the CD-ROM to memory
while the program is running
• The major components within a
CD-ROM drive are the optical
head assembly, head actuator
mechanism, spindle motor, loading
mechanism, connectors and
jumpers, and logic board.
17. CD-ROMs (cont.)
• Data is stored in the form of
indentations and bumps on the
reflective surface of every CD-
ROM disk.
• The indentations are called pits,
and the bumps are called lands.
• The most important specification
for a CD-ROM drive is its speed,
or how fast the disc will spin. The
faster the disc spins, the faster
the data can be transferred to
the computer’s memory.
• Two other important
specifications to consider are the
access time and data transfer
rate.
18. DVD - DVDRW
• The DVD looks like a CD,
but the storage capacity is
significantly higher.
• For this reason, many
software manufacturers are
starting to put programs,
manuals, and other
documentation on one DVD
instead of multiple CDs.
• Recordable DVD drives will
become standard on
computer systems just like
the CD drive did.
19. Backup Hardware
• Tape drives are most
commonly used as the
device for data backup on a
network server disk drive.
There are a variety of tape
devices that use different
tape formats for storing
data.
• New USB storage devices
can easily save and access
16MB, 32MB, 64MB,
128MB, 256MB, 512MB
and 1GB.
21. Modems
• A modem is the primary
way to connect to the
Internet with Windows 9x
through a dialup networking
connection.
• A modem is a device that
converts the digital data
used by computers into
analog signals that is
suitable for transmission
over a telephone line, and
converts the analog signals
back to a digital signal at
the destination.
22. Network Interface Card (NIC)
• A Network Interface Card
(NIC), is used to connect a
local computer to a group of
other computers so they can
share data and resources in a
networked environment.
• All network interface cards are
designed to use Ethernet,
Token Ring, or another similar
protocol.
23. Network Interface Card (NIC)
cont.• NICs come in form of
expansion cards (PCI or
ISA) that can be installed in
one of the computers
expansion slots.
• The network cable plugs to
the computer through the
adapter card or NIC.
• This is possible due to a
connector type known as
the RJ-45 connector it has 8
wires inside.
25. What are System Resources?
• System resources are shared
between the different hardware
components or devices of the
computer system that need to
communicate with CPU.
• The CPU is a complete
computation engine that is
fabricated on a single chip.
• It not only controls the functions
of the computer, but also handles
requests from many input and
output devices.
• The CPU is only capable of
handling one request at a time.
26. Interrupt Requests (IRQ's)
• Various hardware devices may
want to tell the CPU that they
have some information
available that is ready for
transfer. The devices indicate
this by making an interrupt
request, or IRQ.
• It is a general rule that IRQ’s
cannot be shared.
• A device's IRQ will cause the
operating system to stop
momentarily as it asks the
CPU to service its request.
27. Direct Memory Access (DMA)
• Direct Memory Access (DMA)
channels allow devices to
bypass the processor and
directly access the computer
memory.
• DMA channels are typically
used by high-speed
communication devices for
transferring large amounts of
data at high speeds.
• Examples include sound
cards, some network cards,
some SCSI cards, some disk
drives, and some tape backup
drives.
28. Input/Output (I/O) Addresses
• An I/O port number is a
memory address where data
is temporarily stored as it
moves in and out of the
devices.
• The I/O address is very similar
to a post office box. As mail
comes in, it is stored
temporarily in a post office
box. No two boxes can have
the same number or the mail
can end up in the wrong box.
• No two devices can have the
same I/O address.
30. Notebook Computers
• Notebook computers
incorporate the system unit,
input unit, and output unit
into a single, lightweight
package, that can be
carried around by the user.
• They are also called
portables, laptop
computers, palmtops, or
personal digital assistant
(PDA), depending on their
size and what they can do.
31. Portable Hardware
• Portables are built with the
intention of being
lightweight and fitting within
a certain size or form factor.
• Portable devices include
batteries, hard drives,
PCMCIA Cards, and
memory.
• Originally, portables used
Nickel Cadmium (Ni-Cad)
batteries and were in an
external battery pack that
would attach to the portable
device.
32. Portable Hardware (cont.)
• More recently, Nickel Metal-
Hydride (NiMH) and Lithium-
Ion batteries have been used
in portable devices.
• These batteries usually last for
a little over two hours,
depending on their size and
the power consumption by the
device.
• Hard drives have been
developed to be smaller and
use less power to
accommodate size and power
limitations.
33. PCMCIA Cards
• The Personal Computer Memory
Card International Association
(PCMCIA) card, is a special
expansion card type designed
primarily to accommodate the
needs of the portable computer
market.
• There are three types of PCMCIA
slots and cards:
1. Type I cards are 3.3mm thick and
used as memory expansion units
2. Type II cards are 5mm thick and are
used for any expansion device
except hard drives.
3. Type III cards are 10.5mm thick and
designed to be used solely for hard
drives.
34. Portable Computer Displays
• Notebook and laptop computers
use non-CRT type displays, also
referred to as flat panel displays.
• Two examples of such displays
are Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
and gas-plasma panels.
– They are much lighter and more
compact than CRT monitors.
– They require much less
electrical energy to operate.
– Both types of display units can
be operated from batteries
35. Docking Station/Port Replicator
• A docking station is a
device that can be used to
allow a portable PC to use
the normal hardware
devices associated with
desktop computers.
• A port replicator is similar to
a docking station. It
connects multiple
peripherals to a notebook
but it does not contain any
slots for expansion,
speakers or peripherals.
Docking Station
Port Replicator
36. Upgrading and Troubleshooting
Laptop Computers
• Use the system tools on a
regular basis to keep the
system running smoothly.
• Overheating can cause the
system to slow down and
malfunction.
• Keeping the notebook cooler
can be as simple as raising the
notebook slightly to allow air to
circulate under the computer.
• Notebook cooler pads can be
purchased that utilize fans
powered by the USB port help
keep the notebook cool.
37. Infrared Device
• Infrared technology, also
known as Infrared Radiation
(IR) is used for wireless
transmission between
computer devices and in
remote controls for
television and stereo
systems.
• To successfully link two
devices, there must be a
transmitter and receiver
with an unobstructed line of
sight between the devices.
38. Wireless Access Points
• Radio signals are used in
wireless networking
technologies to enable
computers to broadcast
their information to one
another using.
• A wireless access point is
utilized so that computers
in a client/server network
communicate.