This document provides an introduction to sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and social interaction. It discusses key thinkers in the development of sociology like Saint-Simon, Comte, Marx, Durkheim, and Weber. It also outlines several areas of sociology including social organization, social psychology, and social change. Finally, it examines the relationship between sociology and other social sciences like economics, anthropology, history, and political science.

1. Introduction to Sociology
Josefino Tulabing Larena AB,CPS,CPE,MPA

2. Learning Objectives
• A deep understanding of Sociology to other
Social Sciences
• The relationship of Sociology and
Anthropology
• The study of the areas of Sociology
• Understanding of Social Organization in
studying human being in Society

3. Sociology :
Latin word – socius means
• or “associate”
• “companion”
• Logos –a greek word for “study”.

4. Definition:
- It is the study of
association,
group,
society and
social interaction.

5. Sociology
• the study of the development, structure, and
functioning of human society. the study of
social problems.

6. What they produce,
and how they interact with their environments.
Anthropologists try to understand the full range of human
diversity as well as what all people share in common.

7. Anthropologists asks such basic
questions as: When, where, and how
did humans evolve?

8. How have societies developed and
changed from the ancient past to the
present?

9. Essential characteristics of sociology
1. Neutral
- ethically neutral and maintains a value-free
position.

10. 2. It is concerned with the study of
human social life.

11. 3. It is a science
A systematic study of anything that
can be examined, tested, and verified.
• .

12. Science
• The word science is derived from the Latin
word scire, meaning “to know.” From its early
beginnings, science has developed into one
of the greatest and most influential fields of
human endeavor. Today different branches of
science investigate almost everything that
can be observed or detected, and science as a
whole shapes the way we understand the
universe, our planet, ourselves, and other
living

13. Importance of sociology
1. Factual information from research will better
understand our society and other societies.
• -understanding
• Broad-minded
• Tolerant
2. Learn the application of scientific methods and
techniques to our daily life problems.
3. It enables us to see the connection between our
personal experiences and the social forces in the
bigger social world daily which influences life.

14. 4. It furnishes interested people and specialized
sciences with principles and scientific data
which they can use in their work.
5. It provides insights into the interrelationship
of human beings within the group so that we
may live in harmony with others.
6. The results of sociological investigations
provide a better background for meeting and
solving problems.

15. 7. The results of inquiry can help dispel popular myths,
superstitions and stereotypes with accurate
knowledge about human behavior and human
societies.
8. It broadens our experience as we learn to discard our
prejudices and biases as we become more
understanding and tolerant of the customs of other
people.
9. Results of sociological investigations are useful to
government officials, community leaders,
entrepreneurs, businessmen, etc.

16. AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY
1. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
2. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
3. SOCIAL CHANGE
4. HUMAN ECOLOGY
5. POPULATION STUDIES
6. SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY AND RESEARCH
APPLIED SOCIOLOGY

17. 1. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
* SOCIAL GROUPS
* SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
* SOCIAL STRATIFICATIONS
DIVISION OF SOCIETY INTO LEVELS
BASED ON WEALTH OR POWER

18. * MOBILITY
1. the ability to move about, especially to do work
or take exercise
2. change to another social group: the ability of
somebody to change from one social group or
class to another.
* ETHNIC RELATIONS

19. BUREAUCRACY
• The term is used mostly
in referring to
government
administration,
especially regarding
officials in the federal
government and civil
service. It is often used
derogatorily to suggest
waste, inefficiency, and
red tape.

20. Pioneers/forerunners of sociology
HENRI SAINT-SIMON (1760-1825)
1. WROTE HIS IDEAS ABOUT
SOCIETY BASED ON THE
ASSUMPTION THAT THE
LAW OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOR
COULD BE
DETERMINED IN THE
MANNER THAT THE LAW OF
NATURE HAD BEEN
ARRIVED AT BY NATURAL
SCIENTIST.

21. AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857
. A FRENCH PHILOSOPHER WHO
ADVOCATED
THE IDEA OF
“POSITIVISM”
OR THE
USE OF EMPIRICAL
INVESTIGATION
TO
UNDERSTAND
SOCIETY AND
SOCIAL
PHENOMENON.

22. KARL MARX (1818-1883
4. A GERMAN PHILOSOPHER WHO
BELIEVED THAT THE MISERY AND
EXPLOITATION OF THE
WORKING
LOWER
CLASSES IN
SOCIETY
WAS CAUSED
BY
CAPITALISM-
THE
EXISTING
INDUSTRIAL
ORDER.

23. EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917)
5. A FRENCH SOCIOLOGIST WHO
FOCUSED ON THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL
GROUPS,
PARTICULARLY THE
COHESION
OR NON-
COHESION
OF RELIGIOUS
GROUPS.
* STUDY
SUICIDE

24. MAX WEBER (1864-1920)
• 6. A GERMAN ECONOMIST-
LAWYER WHOSE WORKS
DWELT ON THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF
SUBJECTIVE MEANINGS
PEOPLE GIVE TO THEIR

25. RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIOLOGY TO THE
OTHER SCIENCES
1. SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS.
A GREAT DEAL OF HUMAN SOCIAL
BEHAVIOR IS ECONOMICALLY MOTIVATED.
THE DESIRE FOE ECONOMIC GAINS AND
POSSESSION OF MATERIAL WEALTH ARE
STRONG MOTIVATING FORCES FOR HUMAN
BEHAVIOR.

26. SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY
• ANTHROPOLOGY IS THE SCIENCE WHICH
STUDIES MAN BOTH ANIMAL AND AS LIVING
IN SOCIETY, HIS ORIGINS, DEVELOPMENT,
DISTRIBUTION SOCIAL HABITS AND CULTURES.

27. SOCIOLOGY AND HISTORY
• SOCIOLOGY
MAKES USE OF
DATA AND PIECES
OF INFORMATION
THAT ARE
PROVIDED BY
HISTORIANS IN
ORDER TO FORM
CERTAIN
GENERALIZATIONS
ABOUT SOCIETY
AND SOCIAL
INTERACTIONS.

28. SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
• SOCIOLOGISTS ARE INTERESTED IN THE
STUDY OF THE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS
INVOLVED IN HUMAN POLITICAL ACTIVITIES,
THE DISTRIBUTION OF POWER IN THE
SOCIETY, THE FORMATION OF POLITICAL
DYNASTIES, AND THE ROLE OF WOMEN AND
ETHNIC GROUPS IN POLITICAL EVENTS.

30. Thank you so much