This document discusses various topics related to population movement and sustainability. It begins by outlining learning objectives around population trends, aging/overpopulation effects, reproductive health policies, migration drivers and impacts. It then explores global demographic trends showing rapid population growth. It also examines declining agricultural populations and challenges for food production to feed more people. Other sections cover issues like overpopulation environmental impacts, economic drivers of population changes, demographic vs. economic factors influencing migration, and perspectives on women's reproductive rights and gender equality.

1. Movement and
Sustainability
Josefino T. Larena Jr, CPS, MPA

2. Learning Outcomes
 Discuss the relationship between population and
economic welfare
 Identify the effects of aging and overpopulation
 Differentiate between contrasting positions over
reproductive health
 Identify the reasons for the migration of people
 Explain why states regulate migration
 Discuss the effects of global migration on the economic
well being of states

3. Global Demography
 Global Demographic
Trends and Patterns.
The global population,
which stood at just over 2
billion in 1950, is 6.5
billion today. The world is
currently gaining new
inhabitants at a rate of 76
million people a year
(representing the
difference, in 2005,
between 134 million births
and 58 million deaths).

5. Global Agricultural population
 Global Agricultural
population has declined .In
2011,it accounted for over
37 percent of the total world
population,compared to the
statistics in 1980 in which
rural and urban population
percentages were more or
less the same.

6. Global agriculture towards 2050
 The challenge Agriculture in the
21st century faces multiple
challenges: it has to produce more
food and fibre to feed a growing
population with a smaller rural
labour force, more feedstocks for a
potentially huge bioenergy market,
contribute to overall development in
the many agriculture-dependent
developing countries, adopt more
efficient and sustainable production
methods and adapt to climate
change

7. Food demand and production
 World population is expected to grow by over a third, or
2.3 billion people, between 2009 and 2050. This is a
much slower rate of growth than the one seen in the past
four decades during which it grew by 3.3 billion people, or
more than 90 percent. Nearly all of this growth is forecast
to take place in the developing countries. Among the
latter group, sub-Saharan Africa’s population would grow
the fastest (+114 percent) and East and Southeast Asia’s
the slowest (+13 percent). Urbanization is foreseen to
continue at an accelerating pace with urban areas to
account for 70 percent of world population in 2050 (up
from 49 percent at present) and rural population, after
peaking sometime in the next decade, actually declining.

8. The Perils of Overpopulation
 Human overpopulation is
among the most pressing
environmental issues,
silently aggravating the
forces behind global
warming, environmental
pollution, habitat loss, the
sixth mass extinction,
intensive farming practices
and the consumption of
finite natural resources,
such as fresh water, arable
land and fossil fuels

11. It’s the Economy ,Not the Babies!
 A baby boom is generally considered to
be a sustained increase and then
decrease in the birth rate. The United
States, the UK and other industrialized
economies have experienced only one
such baby boom since 1900 – the one
that occurred after World War II.
 In addition, many currently developing
economies such as India, Pakistan and
Thailand have experienced a baby
boom since 1950 as a result of a
sustained decline in infant and child
mortality rates as a result of improved
medicine and sanitation.

12. Demographic vs Economic
Imperatives
 First, we should be clear about
the two main justifications for
migration:
 a) long term demographic
challenges – insufficient babies
and ageing population
 b) short term economic
growth – to address labour
shortage issues
 TFR is all about long term
demographic challenges and
we should not conflate this
with short term economic
growth.

13. Women and Reproductive Rights
 This also includes the right
to be safe and satisfying
sex life. This recognizes
that no woman should be
subjected to forced
pregnancy, forced
sterilization or forced
abortion. This includes,
among other things,
freedom from
discrimination because of
one's sexuality and
reproductive life choices.

14. Women Rights

15. The Feminist Perspective
 The feminist perspective of
gender stratification more
recently takes into account
intersectionality, a
feminist sociological
theory first highlighted by
feminist-sociologist Kimberlé
Crenshaw.

16. The Feminist Perspective
 Intersectionality suggests that
various biological, social and
cultural categories, including
gender, race, class and ethnicity,
interact and contribute towards
systematic social inequality.
Therefore, various forms of
oppression, such as racism or
sexism, do not act independently
of one another; instead these
forms of oppression are
interrelated, forming a system of
oppression that reflects the
“intersection” of multiple forms of
discrimination. In light of this
theory, the oppression and
marginalization of women is thus
shaped not only by gender but by
other factors such as race and
class

18. Gender Equality

19. Population Growth and Food
Security

20. Food security a key issue for
ASEAN
This photo taken on 27
June, 2018 shows two
Hmong tribe children
posing at a coffee
plantation in Houaphan
province, northern Lao.
(Aidan Jones / AFP
Photo)

22. Urban Agriculture Project

23. Urban Agriculture Project n the
city

25. Thank you