This document provides an overview of key management concepts and theories including: Taylor's scientific management theory, Fayol's principles of management, Mayo's Hawthorne experiments, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y, Herzberg's two-factor theory, systems approach to management, leadership styles, and the social responsibilities of management. It defines management, discusses its nature and importance, and outlines common management functions proposed by various theorists.
The document provides an introductory glimpse of management and the history of its evolution.The document also illustrates the nature, characteristics and importance of management. Various levels of management and managerial skills are also illustrated. The document also provides information to distinguish management and administration. Certain theories of pioneers are also mapped onto the document.
This documents provides a glance on the planning activity by illustrating the associated concepts such as,
Nature of Planning
Importance and purpose of planning process
Steps in Planning and Planning Premises
Types of plans
Objectives
Decision Making
Types of planning
Hierarchy of plans
The document provides an introductory glimpse of management and the history of its evolution.The document also illustrates the nature, characteristics and importance of management. Various levels of management and managerial skills are also illustrated. The document also provides information to distinguish management and administration. Certain theories of pioneers are also mapped onto the document.
This documents provides a glance on the planning activity by illustrating the associated concepts such as,
Nature of Planning
Importance and purpose of planning process
Steps in Planning and Planning Premises
Types of plans
Objectives
Decision Making
Types of planning
Hierarchy of plans
A good leader takes the lead. A good leader has personality, courage, clear vision with ambition to succeed. A good leader encourages the team to perform to their optimum all the time and drives organisational success.
This power point presentation includes all the details about the role of a manager with simple language and a lot of example and figures. It covers all the part of a manager role inside and outside of the organisation.
A good leader takes the lead. A good leader has personality, courage, clear vision with ambition to succeed. A good leader encourages the team to perform to their optimum all the time and drives organisational success.
This power point presentation includes all the details about the role of a manager with simple language and a lot of example and figures. It covers all the part of a manager role inside and outside of the organisation.
Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915)
Father of “Scientific Management.
attempted to define “the one best way” to perform every task through systematic study and other scientific methods.
believed that improved management practices lead to improved productivity.
Three areas of focus:
Task Performance
Supervision
Motivation
Scientific management incorporates basic expectations of management, including:
Development of work standards
Selection of workers
Training of workers
Support of workers
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. Introduction to Management: Concepts of Management and
organization- nature, importance and Functions of Management,
Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory, Fayol’s Principles of
Management, Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments, Maslow’s Theory
of Human Needs, Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y,
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation, Systems
Approach to Management, Leadership Styles, Social
responsibilities of Management
3. INTRODUCTION
Management is what managers do.
M
A --- The Manager
N
A
G --- Knowledge
E
M
E --- The People
N
T --- Technology/Techniques/Tactics
4. DEFINITIONS:
“Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in
formally organized groups”
--- Koontz
“Management is the art of getting things done through and with people”
--- Mary Parker
“Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing
that it is done in the best and cheapest way” -
-- F.W. Taylor
“Management is the accomplishment of results through the efforts of
other people”
--- Lawrence
“Management is to manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to
command, to coordinate and control”.
-- Henry Fayol (1916)
MANAGEMENT
5. Nature of Management
Multidisciplinary
Dynamic nature of Principles
Relative, Not absolute Principles
Management: Science or Art
Management as profession
Universality of management
Management is a Situational in Nature
6. Importance of Management
Management has been important to the daily lives of people and
to the organisations. The importance of management may be
traces with the following.
Effective utilisation of Resources
Development of Resources
It ensures continuity in the organization
Integrating various interest groups
Stability in the society
11. The scientific management period hold prominently two
greatest exponents of classical theories. They are
F.W.Taylor (1856-1915)
Henry Fayol (1841-1925)and
TAYLOR & SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
Introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor in USA in the
beginning of 20th century.
He is Father of Scientific Management
12. “Scientific management is concerned with art of knowing
exactly what you want to do and then see in that they do it in the
best and cheapest way”
13. Tools:
Separation of planning & doing
Functional Foremanship
Job Analysis
Standardization
Scientific selection and training of workers
Financial Incentives
Economy
Mental Revolution
Principles of Scientific Management
Replacing rule of thumb with science
Harmony in group action
Co-operation
Maximum output
Development of workers
14. Tools:
Functional Foremanship
Work Shop Manager
Planning In charge Production In charge
Route
Boss
workers
DisciplinarianInstruction
Card clerk
Time and
Cost Clerk
Route
Clerk
Gang Boss inspector Maintenance
Foreman
15. Criticism of Scientific Management:
The theory of Scientific Management was heavily criticised by the
employers, the workers, and psychologists. Employers criticised the
process of scientific approach as costly and unworkable
It ignores the functional areas of management such as marketing,
finance and so on
Individual creativity is ignored by favouring one best way Workers
is reduced to a cog in the machines.
Mobility among workers gets restricted because of narrow
specialisation
Workers are not involved in the planning part of the job which was
controlled by the management.
16. “Management is to manage is to forecast and plan, to organize,
to command, to coordinate and control”.
Qualities of a manager
General principles of management
Elements of management
Physical ( Health, Vigor and Health )
Mental ( Ability to understand and learn, judgment , mental vigor and capability)
Moral ( energy, firmness, initiative, loyalty, tact etc.,)
Educational
Technical ( peculiar to the function being performed )
Experience
Qualities of a manager
(1841-1925)
Father of Administrative Management
17.
18. Division of work
Authority and Responsibility
Discipline
Unity of Command
Unity of Direction
Subordination of individual interest to general interest
Remuneration
Centralization
Scalar Chain
Order
Equity
Stability
Initiative
Esprit de corps
General principles of management
Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, Controlling
Elements of management
19. A team of four members
Elton mayo,
White head,
Roethlisberger and
William Dickson
They conducted various researches in four phases with each phase
attempting to answer the question raised at the previous phase.
The phases are ---
Illumination experiments (1924-27)
Relay assembly test room experiments (1927-28)
Mass Interviewing Programme (1928-1930)
Bank wiring observation room experiments (1931-32)
20. Conclusions
Individual workers must be seen as members of a group
The sense of belongingness and effective management were the
two secrets unfolded by the Hawthorne experiments.
Informal or personal groups influenced the behaviour of
workers on the job
To seek workers cooperation, the management should be aware
of their social needs and cater to them
21. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed
by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human
Motivation". Maslow subsequently extended the idea to
include his observations of humans' innate curiosity
22. Conclusion:
Maslow suggest that the various levels are interdependent and overlapping,
each higher level need emerging before the lower level need has been
completely satisfied. Since one need does not disappear when another
emerges, all needs tend to be partially satisfied in each area.
23. Frederick Irving Herzberg born in Massachusetts was an
American psychologist who became one of the most
influential names in business management. He is most
famous for introducing job enrichment and the Motivator-
Hygiene theory
Frederick Hertzberg conducted a structured interview
programme to analyse the experience and feelings of 200
engineers and accountants in nine different companies in
Pittsburg area, U.S.A during the structured interview, they were
asked to describe a few previous job experiences in which they
felt ‘exceptionally good’ or exceptionally bad about jobs.
24.
25. Douglas Mc Gregor in his books “The Human Side of the
Enterprise” has pointed out two sharply opposite concepts of
Management Styles for the Motivation of Human Behaviour.
There are two sets of assumptions about human nature:
Theory X and Theory Y
Theory X presents an essentially negative view of people
Theory Y offers a positive view
26.
27. Kast and Rosenweig defines,
“A system is an organised or complex whole: an assemblage
or combination of things or parts forming a complex unitary
whole”.
The central idea of this approach is that any object depends
on a method of analysis involving simultaneous variations of
mutually dependent variables. Systems are a set or
assemblage of various interdependent and inter related
variables. i.e. sub-systems, so as to form a complex unity
28.
29. This is the most interesting area in the management.
Effective management lies in good leadership qualities
exhibited by the manager. Leadership is the process of
influencing the behaviour of other to work willingly an
enthusiastically for achieving predetermined goals
30. Definitions:
“Leadership is the process of influencing and supporting others
to work enthusiastically toward achieving objectives”.
– Barnard Key.
“Leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the
achievement of goals”
– Stephon. P. Robins
“Leadership is interpersonal influence exercised in a situation
and directed through communication process, towards the
attainment of a specified goal or goals”.
– Tennenbaum.
32. Leader injects team spirit, confidence, ambition etc. into the
minds of followers
Leader is a representative of subordinates
Leader is a counselor, mediator, mentor etc to the followers
Leader uses power for the best interests of the followers
Leader strives hard for leadership effectiveness
Leader seeks willing co-operation of the subordinates/
followers
Leader furnishes a good working climate etc
34. Advantages:-
1. It provides strong motivation and reward to a manager exercising
this style.
2. It permits very quick decisions as most of the decisions are taken by
a single person.
3. Strict discipline will be maintained.
4. Less competent subordinates also have scope to work in the
organisation under his leadership style.
Disadvantages:-
1. People in the organisation dislike it specially when it is strict and the
motivational style is negative.
2. Employees lack motivation frustration, low morale and conflict
develops in the organisation.
3. There is more dependence and less individuality in the organisation
35. It is also called as democratic, consultative or idiographic
leadership style
In this style the manager decentralizes his decision-making
process.
Instead of taking unilateral decision he emphasizes
consultation and participation of his subordinates.
Advantages:-
Employees are highly motivated.
The productivity of employees is very high.
Subordinates share the responsibility with the superior and try
to safeguard them also.
36. Disadvantages:-
Complex nature of organisation requires as through understanding
of its Problems which lower-level employees may not be able to do.
Some people in the organisation want minimum interaction with
their superior.
Some leaders may use this style as a way of avoiding responsibility.
37. A free-rein leader does not lead, but leaves the group entirely to
itself as shown in the following figure.
manager once determines policy, programmes, and limitations for
action and the entire process is left to subordinates group members
perform everything and the manager usually maintains contacts
with outside persons to bring the information and materials which
the group needs
38.
39. Social responsibilities came in the 1930’s when the view was
advanced and accepted that managers of large companies must
make decision which maintain an equitable balance among the
shareholders, employees, customer, suppliers & general public.
Definition:
“It is a serious consideration, by the corporate sector, of the impact
of, its actions, on society”.
-----Koontz
“This is a principle teaching that rich people have to feel obliged to
come down to help the down trodden, depressed people of the
society” ----- Jame A Stoner
“Investment on social responsibility & Welfare of the masses is a
guarantee for the long0run business survival itself”
-----Smt. Indira Gandhi
40.
41. Towards Consumers
Towards Share Holders
Towards Employees
Towards Trade Unions
Towards Government
Arguments in favour of Social Responsibility:
Give & Take
Better Environment Society
Reduced State interventions
Authority and Responsibility
A special place for Business
42. Arguments not in favour of Social Responsibility:
Primary Task
Costly
Unfavourable to the Foreign Trade
Not right Man
No Formal Accountability
Progress in India:
L&T:
It spends nearly Rs.5 crores annually on social projects.
It takes up programmes like: Family Planning, Camps to checkup
Tuber Culosis, Dairy and Poultry development in and around.
Tata Steel:
This company is a pioneer company as far as S.R. is concerned
Deeply involved in environmental conservation activities, education,
vocational training and health care for the under privileged etc.