Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Planning involves setting objectives and determining actions to achieve goals. Organizing establishes the structure and allocation of resources. Staffing involves selecting, training and developing personnel. Directing includes guiding, motivating and leading people.

1. MANAGEMENT
PROCESS

2. Management defined:
“Management is an art of getting things
done through and with the people in
formally organized groups. It is an art of
creating an environment in which people
can perform and individuals can
cooperate towards attainment of group
goals”. Harold Koontz
“Management is an art of knowing what to
do, when to do and see that it is done in
the best and cheapest way”. F.W. Taylor

3. “Management is a distinct process
consisting of planning, organizing,
actuating and controlling,
performed to determine and
accomplish stated objective by
the use of human beings and
other resources”.
George R. Terry

4. Management as a Process
1. Management is a social process -
concerned with developing relationship among
people
2. Management is an integrated process -
undertakes the job of bringing together human
physical and financial resources so as to
achieve organizational purpose
3. Management is a continuous process -
concerned with constantly identifying the
problem and solving them by taking adequate
steps
4. Management is an iterative process- All

5. Management functions
 George Terry, “There are four
fundamental functions of
management i.e. planning,
organizing, actuating and
controlling”
 Henry Fayol, “To manage is to
forecast and plan, to organize, to
command, & to control”
 Koontz and O’Donnel - Planning,
Organizing, Staffing, Directing and
Controlling

6. Management functions:
POSDCoRB
Luther Gullick coined the
keyword ’POSDCORB’
which formulates the
responsibility of a chief
executive or administrator.
It is developed as a means
to structure and analyze
management activities and
sets a new paradigm in
Public Administration.

7. Management Function:
Planning

8. Management Function:
Planning
GULLICK, “Planning is working out in
broad outline the things that need to
be done and the methods for doing
them to accomplish the purpose set
for the enterprise.”
KOONTZ, “Planning is deciding in
advance - what to do, when to do &
how to do. It bridges the gap from
where we are & where we want to
be”.

9. 3 basic steps in planning
 Formulating objectives – states
precisely what results are to be
accomplished and when
 Taking action – follows
predetermined plans of actions
to fulfill the objective
 Analyzing results – measures
the results achieved against the

10. Management Function:
Organizing

11. Management Function:
Organizing
Organizing – the establishment of a formal
structure of authority through which the
work subdivisions are arranged, defined,
and coordinated for the defined objective.
In organizing, structures are created,
relationships are established and
resources are allocated for the
accomplishment of activities.
According to Henry Fayol, “To organize a
business is to provide it with everything
useful or its functioning i.e. raw material,
tools, capital and personnel’s”

12. Organizing as a process
involves
1. Identification of activities.
2. Classification of grouping of
activities.
3. Assignment of duties.
4. Delegation of authority and
creation of responsibility.
5. Coordinating authority and
responsibility relationships.

13. Management Function:
Staffing

14. Management Function:
Staffing
Staffing – the whole personnel action of
bringing in and training the staff and
maintaining favorable conditions of
work. It is also known as Human
Resource Management.
Koontz & O’Donell, “Managerial function
of staffing involves manning the
organization structure through proper
and effective selection, appraisal &
development of personnel to fill the
roles designed into the structure”.

15. Staffing involves:
◦ Manpower Planning
◦ Recruitment, selection &
placement.
◦ Training & development.
◦ Remuneration.
◦ Performance appraisal.
◦ Promotions & transfer.

16. Management Function:
Directing

17. Management Function:
Directing
Directing is a part of managerial
function which actuates the
organizational methods to work
efficiently for achievement of
organizational purposes.
It is considered life-spark of the
enterprise which sets in motion the
action of people because planning,
organizing and staffing are the mere
preparations for doing the work.
It involves guiding and motivating
other people to work for a common

18. Elements of Directing
Supervision - implies overseeing the
work of subordinates by their superiors
Motivation - inspiring, stimulating, or
encouraging the subordinates with zeal
to work.
Leadership – the process by which
manager guides and influences the
work of subordinates in desired
direction
Communication - process of passing
information, experience, opinion from
one person to another