The document discusses several key concepts related to the internet and web technologies. It defines the internet as a worldwide collection of interconnected networks and devices that use common communication protocols. It describes the World Wide Web as the most well-known feature of the internet, allowing users to view rich multimedia content through web pages accessed via web browsers. Various internet protocols are also outlined, including HTTP, FTP, email, internet relay chat, Gopher, and WAIS.

1. Concept of Internet

2. What is Internet?
Internet is a worldwide
collection of networks,
gateways, servers and
computers using a common set
of telecommunications
protocols to link them together.

3. What is Internet?
Its best known feature is the
World Wide Web – presents
rich content that includes
multimedia clip, and even live
radio and video.

4. What is Internet?
• You view its content on web
pages by using the web
browser.
• Typically the top-level page
of a website is called home
page, from which each pages
are branch off.

5. Internet Concepts
• Each web pages has a
specific address known as
URL (Uniform Source
Locator).

6. URL
• It indicates a lot of things example:
http://www.microsoft.com
HTTP – tells the computer how to
communicate with the internet computer
www – indicates that the site is on the
world wide web
.com – suffix indicates the commercial site.

8. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
• The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an
application protocol for distributed, collaborative,
hypermedia information systems.
• HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the
World Wide Web.
• Hypertext is structured text that uses logical links
(hyperlinks) between nodes containing text.
• HTTP is the protocol to exchange or transfer hypertext.

9. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
• It is set of rules in exchanging files on
the world wide web.
• Relative to TCP/IP suite of protocols,
HTTP is an application protocol.

10. How HTTP works?
• HTTP daemon – a program designed
to wait for HTTP requests and handle
them when they arrive.
• HTTP Client – Web browser that
sending request by either opening or
clicking hyperlink, the browser builds
an HTTP request and sends IP address
indicated in URL.

11. How does one find a website?
• URL is the full address used by the
web browser to request information
on the WWW.
• The format of URL begins with specific
protocol, domain name, the path to
the requested information and then
the name of the file.

12. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• FTP or File Transfer Protocol is used to transfer data
from one computer to another over the Internet, or
through a network.
• Specifically, FTP is a commonly used protocol for
exchanging files over any network that supports the
TCP/IP protocol (such as the Internet or an intranet).
• There are two computers involved in an FTP transfer:
a server and a client.
• FTP server- running FTP server software, listens on the
network for connection requests from other
computers.

13. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• Client Computer - running FTP client
software, initiates a connection to the
server. Once connected, the client can do a
number of file manipulation operations
such as uploading files to the server,
download files from the server, rename or
delete files on the server and so on.

14. Difference of HTTP and FTP
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) are
only two of the multitude of protocols
that are being used in the internet,
each with its own function.
• The purpose of HTTP is to serve as a
means of accessing the world
wide web.

15. Difference of HTTP and FTP
• Websites are accessed using http with
the help of browsers. FTP, as the name
implies, is used in transferring files
from one computer to another.
• It is a less popular protocol due to
small number of people who actually
use FTP, and even fewer people who
know that they are using it.

16. More about HTTP
• Most people don’t actually know it,
but the HTTP protocol is in use every
time we open a site, check our email,
or update our blogs.
• This can be easily checked by looking
at the address bar and looking at the
very first few letters; chances are its
HTTP.

17. More about FTP
• The great majority of people who
use the FTP protocol are the people
who maintain and routinely upload
files to websites.
• FTP provides an easy and hassle
free method of site maintenance.

18. Details about FTP
• FTP is also a good option for people
who want to download files.
• There are FTP servers
who host files and allow people to
anonymously login to their site and
download huge files.

19. Difference of HTTP and FTP
• The rise in popularity of downloads in
HTTP is due largely to its linkage with
the world wide web.
• Most sites that offer content for
downloads have their files hosted in an
HTTP server so that visitors can easily
browse and select their files.

22. E-mail
• Referred to as email or e-mail since 1993, is a
method of exchanging digital messages from an
author to one or more recipients.
• Modern email operates across the Internet or
other computer networks.
• Some early email systems required that the
author and the recipient both be online at the
same time, in common with instant messaging.

23. E-mail
• An Internet email message[consists of three
components, the message envelope, the
message header, and the message body.
• The message header
contains control information,
including, minimally, an originator's email
address and one or more recipient addresses.
• Usually descriptive information is also added,
such as a subject header field and a message
submission date/time stamp.

25. Different types of E-mail
• Email Program
Ex: applets@cal.net.ph
• Web-based Email
Ex: applets@yahoo.com
applets@gmail.com
• Free Dial-up Email
Ex: applets@edsamail.com.ph

26. Internet Relay Chat
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an application
layer protocol that facilitates transfer of
messages in the form of text.
The chat process works on a client/server
model of networking.
• IRC clients are computer programs that a
user can install on their system. These
clients are able to communicate with chat
servers to transfer messages to other
clients.

27. Internet Relay Chat
• It is mainly designed for group
communication in discussion forums,
called channels, but also allows one-to-
one communication via private
message as well as chat and data
transfer, ]including file sharing.

28. Example of Chat Software
a. Messenger
Yahoo Messenger
ICQ
AOL Messenger
Windows Messenger
b. Third Party downloadable software
MIRC
PITCH
c. On-line chat website

29. Gopher
• The Gopher protocol is a TCP/IP application
layer protocol designed for distributing,
searching, and retrieving documents over
the Internet.
• The Gopher protocol was strongly oriented
towards a menu-document design and
presented an alternative to the World Wide
Web in its early stages, but
ultimately HTTP became the dominant protocol.
• The Gopher ecosystem is often regarded as the
effective predecessor of theWorld WideWeb.

30. Gopher
• Provides a distributed delivery system
around which a campus-wide
information system can readily be
constructed.
• It facilitates access to other gopher
and information server through out
the world.

31. WAIS
• Wide Area Information Services (WAIS) is a
networked information retrieval system
wherein client applications are able to
retrieve text or multimedia documents
stored on the servers.
• Client applications request documents
using keyword.
• Servers- search a full text index for the
documents containing the keyword.