The document provides an overview of the history and workings of the internet. It discusses how ARPAnet was developed in the 1960s as a military network which later became the foundation for the commercial internet. It describes important internet protocols like TCP/IP, HTTP, and DNS. It also explains client-server architecture, IP addressing, URLs, web browsers, search engines, and common uses of the internet like email, e-commerce, and social media.

1. PRESENTED BY-
SUBHRADEEP MITRA
M.C.A & B.SC(COMPUTER SC HONOURS)
FROM CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY

2. INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF INTERNET
DIFFERENT PROTOCOL OF INTERNET
CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
WEBSITE & HTML
IP ADDRESSING
REFERENCES
DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM(DNS)
UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR(URL)
WEB BROWSER & SEARCH ENGINE
USE OF INTERNET

3. INTRODUCTION
• The Internet or “Net” (network of
networks) is the largest computer
network in the world that connects
billions of computer users.
• The word internet comes from
combination between “interconnection”
and “Network”.
• Network is a collection of computers
and devices connected via communication
channel.

4. HISTORY OF INTERNET
• 1962 : J.C.R. Licklider, a scientist from ARPA and MIT,
suggested connecting computers to keep a communications
network active in the US.
• February 7,1958: Secretary of Defense Neil McElroy
launched the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).
• 1965: Military contractor Bolt, Beranek, and Newman
(BBN) developed interface message processors (IMPs)
• 1983: ARPAnet adopted the transmission control protocol
(TCP)
• 1986: First “freenet” created in Case Western Reserve University
• 1991: US government allowed business agencies to connect to internet.

5. FATHER OF INTERNET
Vint Cerf
• Vinton Gray Cerf ForMemRS is an American Internet pioneer
• Cerf was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the son of Muriel
and Vinton Thurston Cerf.
• Cerf worked at the United States Defence Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA) from 1973 to 1982 and funded
various groups to develop TCP/IP
• Cerf worked as assistant professor at Stanford University from
1972-1976 where he conducted research on packet network
interconnection protocols
• From 2011 to 2016, Cerf was chairman of the board of
trustees of ARIN

6. HOW TO INTERNET WORKS

7. PROTOCOL OF INTERNET
Protocols establish how two computers send and receive a message DEFINATION:-
 Protocols Manage Key Points About A Message:
• Speed of transmission
• Size of the message
• Error checking
• Deciding if the transmission is synchronous
or asynchronous
 SOME IMPORTANT PROTOCOL:-
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
• FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
• SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
• HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
• TELNET

8. TCP/IP PROTOCOL
• TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
• TCP/IP (also known as the internet protocol suite) is the
set of protocols used over the internet .
• TCP breaks the data packets and also reassembles in the
right order at the destination address.
• IP defines how to address and route each packet to
make sure it reaches the right destination
• TCP/IP can also be used as a communications protocol
in a private computer network (an intranet or an extranet).

9. FTP PROTOCOL
• FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol
• FTP is a standard network protocol used for the
transfer of computer files between a client and server
on a computer network.
• It is often used for organising files on a web
server for a website.
• SFTP(Secure File Transfer Protocol): It is the secure version of File
Transfer Protocol

10. SMTP PROTOCOL
• SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• SMTP is a standard electronic-mail protocol that
handles the sending of mail from one SMTP to
another SMTP server
• SMTP was first defined in 1982 by RFC 821, and
updated in 2008
• Extended SMTP (ESMTP), sometimes referred to as Enhanced SMTP, is
a definition of protocol extensions to the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP) standard

11. HTTP PROTOCOL
• HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
• It defines mechanism for communication
between browser and the web server.
• It is also called request and response protocol
because the communication between browser
and server takes place in request and response
pairs.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is an extension of the Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It is used for secure communication over a computer
network.

12. TELNET
• TELNET protocol allowing a user logged on to one
TCP/IP host to access other hosts on the network
• Telnet was developed in 1969
• The name stands for "teletype network"
• In remote control, a session appears in which the user is
able to manage the files on the remote computer

13. CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
• In remote control, a session appears in which
the user is able to manage the files on the
remote computer
• In remote control, a session appears in
which the user is able to manage the files
on the remote computer
• A Web browser is the software that you
run on your computer to make it work as a web
client
CLIENT-SERVER
ARCHITECTURE

14. WHAT IS WEB
• The Web (World Wide Web) consists of
information organized into Web pages containing
text and graphic images.
• A collection of linked Web pages that has a
common theme or focus is called a Web site.
• A collection of linked Web pages that has a
common theme or focus is called a Web site.
• Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee is the inventor of WWW

15. • The public files on the web servers are
ordinary text files, much like the files used
by word-processing software.
• To allow Web browser software to read
them, the text must be formatted
according to a generally accepted standard.
• The standard used on the web is Hypertext
markup language (HTML).
• HTML uses codes, or tags, to tell the Web
browser software how to display the text
contained in the document SOME HTML TAGS
HyperText Markup Language(HTML)

16. IP Addressing
• Each computer on the internet does have a
unique identification number, called an IP
(Internet Protocol) address
• The IP addressing system currently in use
on the Internet uses a four-part number
• Each part of the address is a number
ranging from 0 to 255, and each part is
separated from ‘ . ‘ sign
• The length of the IP Address is 32 bit . Each IP
address have two parts . Net ID and Host ID
DIFFERENT CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS

17. Domain Name System(DNS)
• A domain name is a unique name associated
with a specific IP address by a program that
runs on an Internet host computer
• The host computer that runs this software
is called a domain name server
• Most web browsers do not use the IP address to
locate Web sites and individual pages
• This program, which coordinates the IP addresses
and domain names for all computers attached to it,
is called DNS (Domain Name System ) software.

18. Uniform Resource Locators(URL)
• To identify a Web pages exact location, Web
browsers rely on Uniform Resource Locator
(URL).
• URL is a four-part addressing scheme that tells
the Web browser:
 What transfer protocol to use for transporting
the file
 The domain name of the computer on which
the file resides
 The pathname of the folder or directory on the
computer on which the file resides
 The name of the file DIFFERENT PARTS OF URL

19. WEB BROWSER
• A web browser (commonly referred to as a
browser) is a software application for accessing
information on the World Wide Web
• When a user requests a web page from a particular
website, the web browser retrieves the necessary
content from a web server and then displays the
page on the user's device
• Some important Web browsers are :
 Google Chrome(Google debuted its Chrome browser in 2008)
 Safari(Apple released its Safari browser in 2003)
 Edge(Microsoft released its Edge browser in 2015)

20. SEARCH ENGINE
• A web search engine or Internet search engine
is a software system that is designed to carry
out web search
• The search results are generally presented in a line
of results, often referred to as search engine results
pages
• The information may be a mix of links to web pages,
images, videos,info,graphics,articles, research papers,
and other types of files

21. USES OF INTERNET
 Send e-mail messages
 Send (upload) or receive (down load) files between
computers
 Participate in discussion groups, such as mailing lists
and newsgroups.
 Surfing the web
 Playing Online games and chat in social media
 Book Railway tickets, Flight tickets, Movie tickets etc.
 Online shopping from different E-Commerce website
and make payment in online mode.
DIFFERENT E-COMMERCE
WEBSITE

22. GROWTH OF INTERNET

23. REFERENCES
1. Modern Computer Application- Sanmoy Kundu
2. Data Communications & Networking - Behrouz A Forouzan
3. https://www.wikipedia.org
4. https://www.internetworldstats.com
5. https://www.cloudflare.com
6. https://www.internetsociety.org