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This document presents information on interactions in ecosystems, including habitat, ecological niches, competitive exclusion, predation, predator-prey cycles, and symbiosis. It defines key terms like habitat, ecological niche, competitive exclusion, predation, predator-prey cycles, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Examples are provided for each type of interaction, such as lions and their habitat, invasive species outcompeting natives, the predation cycle, and mutualistic relationships between flowers/pollinators, humans and gut bacteria, and clown fish and anemones. Parasitism is discussed as a relationship that benefits one organism while harming the other, using a tapeworm
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Ecological relationship
This document discusses different types of ecological relationships between organisms including competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis. Competition occurs when organisms require the same limited resources. Predation is when one organism feeds on another. Herbivory describes a primary consumer feeding on a producer or another consumer. Symbiosis refers to long-term interactions where at least one organism benefits, and can be mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism.
Environmental Science Chapter 1 Section 3
1) All living things interact with their environment through biotic and abiotic factors and each other through competition, predation, symbiosis, and coevolution.
2) Populations are limited by factors like food, water, space, and can only grow as large as the environment's resources allow in a carrying capacity.
3) Species interact through competition for resources, predator-prey relationships, and symbiotic relationships that can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.
"Interactions of organisms in ecosystem"
Populations of different species interact ecologically in communities. Ecological interactions like competition, predation, and mutualism can affect species' distributions, abundances, and evolution. These interactions include competition for limited resources, one species feeding on another, mutually beneficial relationships, and cases where one species benefits while the other is not affected.
Biotic Interactions
- Biotic interactions include predator-prey relationships, plant-herbivore relationships, competition, and symbiosis. Abiotic interactions involve interactions between organisms and environmental factors like temperature, light, and nutrients.
- Density-dependent factors like predation and competition cause populations to decrease when densities are high and increase when densities are low. Density-independent factors like fires and floods impact populations independently of their densities.
- Predator-prey relationships can follow stable, cyclical, erratic, or extinction patterns depending on factors like carrying capacity and reproduction rates of both species. Predators benefit from food while prey benefit from reduced competition.
Ecological Relationship
There are two types of ecological relationships: symbiotic and oppositional. Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, amensalism, and parasitism, where species interact with varying levels of benefit and harm. Oppositional relationships involve predation, where one organism eats another for nutrients, and competition, where organisms compete for the same resources like lions and hyenas competing for prey. Ecological communities consist of interacting species that have relationships that can benefit, harm, or oppose each other in various ways within a shared environment.
Ecosystem relationships
1. An ecosystem is composed of individual organisms that make up populations, several populations that make up a community, and the biotic and abiotic factors that make up the ecosystem. Ecosystems are found within different biomes, which together make up the biosphere.
2. An organism's habitat is the place it lives and provides its needs, while its niche is its role in the ecosystem including how it obtains food and interacts with other organisms.
3. Within an ecosystem, producers like plants use photosynthesis to make their own food, while consumers eat other organisms for energy as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, or decomposers. Organisms engage in symbiotic relationships of
Unit 5, Lesson 5.3- Ecological Relationships
Unit 5, Lesson 5.3- Ecological Relationships
Lesson Outline:
1. Ecological Relationships
2. Symbiosis
Biotic interactions
Biotic factors also regulate the size of populations more intensely. Finally, the influence of biotic interactions can occur at two different levels. Interspecific effects are direct interactions between species, and the intraspecific effects represent interactions of individuals within a single species.
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1) All living things interact with their environment through biotic and abiotic factors and each other through competition, predation, symbiosis, and coevolution.
2) Populations are limited by factors like food, water, space, and can only grow as large as the environment's resources allow in a carrying capacity.
3) Species interact through competition for resources, predator-prey relationships, and symbiotic relationships that can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.
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Populations of different species interact ecologically in communities. Ecological interactions like competition, predation, and mutualism can affect species' distributions, abundances, and evolution. These interactions include competition for limited resources, one species feeding on another, mutually beneficial relationships, and cases where one species benefits while the other is not affected.
Biotic Interactions
- Biotic interactions include predator-prey relationships, plant-herbivore relationships, competition, and symbiosis. Abiotic interactions involve interactions between organisms and environmental factors like temperature, light, and nutrients.
- Density-dependent factors like predation and competition cause populations to decrease when densities are high and increase when densities are low. Density-independent factors like fires and floods impact populations independently of their densities.
- Predator-prey relationships can follow stable, cyclical, erratic, or extinction patterns depending on factors like carrying capacity and reproduction rates of both species. Predators benefit from food while prey benefit from reduced competition.
Ecological Relationship
There are two types of ecological relationships: symbiotic and oppositional. Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, amensalism, and parasitism, where species interact with varying levels of benefit and harm. Oppositional relationships involve predation, where one organism eats another for nutrients, and competition, where organisms compete for the same resources like lions and hyenas competing for prey. Ecological communities consist of interacting species that have relationships that can benefit, harm, or oppose each other in various ways within a shared environment.
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1. An ecosystem is composed of individual organisms that make up populations, several populations that make up a community, and the biotic and abiotic factors that make up the ecosystem. Ecosystems are found within different biomes, which together make up the biosphere.
2. An organism's habitat is the place it lives and provides its needs, while its niche is its role in the ecosystem including how it obtains food and interacts with other organisms.
3. Within an ecosystem, producers like plants use photosynthesis to make their own food, while consumers eat other organisms for energy as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, or decomposers. Organisms engage in symbiotic relationships of
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Unit 3 a ch 8 s2 how species interact with each other
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INTERACTIONS :Interaction is relationship between two organisms.
Also called as BIOLOGICAL OR ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS.
In a ecosystem, living (biotic) things have to interact with one another as well as with non -living components of their environment.
All the vital process of living such as growth, nutrition & reproduction requires such interactions between individuals in same species or between species.
The interaction between organisms may not be always beneficial to all the interacting counter parts. Based on whether, the interaction is beneficial to both interacting species or harmful to at least one interaction species, the ecological of biological interactions are classified into two categories.
It can BENEFIT an organisms
It can HARM an organisms
It can NO EFFECT an organisms
POSTIVE INTERACTIONS
In positive interactions, the interacting populations help one another.
The positive interaction may be in one way or reciprocal.
The benefit may be in respect of food, shelter, substratum or transportation.
The positive association may be continuous, transitory, obligate or facultative.
The two interacting partners may be in close contact in such a way that the tissues intermixed with each other; or they may live within a specific area of the other; or attached to its surface.
NEGATIVE INTERACTIONS
In negative interactions, one of the interacting populations is benefited and the other is harmed.
In negative interaction one population may eat members of the other population, compete for foods or excrete harmful wasters.
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP
Such relationship between living organisms when they live in close association of each other is called as SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP
Mutualism, also called as symbiosis, is also a positive type of ecological interaction.
Mutualism is a symbiotic association between two organisms in which both the interacting partners are mutually benefitted.
Mutualism is different from proto-cooperation in the sense that mutualism is obligatory and none of the partners of mutualism can survive individually.
In mutualism, the organisms enter into some sort of physical and physiological exchange
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Both species involved in the interaction are benefited. These interactions take place in three patterns:
Facultative mutualism – Species survive on their own under favorable conditions
Obligate mutualism – One species is dependent for survival on the other
Diffusive mutualism – One entity can live with multiple partners
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Organization of life on earth
The document provides information on the organization of life on the planet by defining key terms:
- Organism, population, community, and ecosystem describe increasing levels of biological organization, from individual to multiple interacting species and environments.
- Communities consist of interacting populations in the same area and involve predation, competition, and symbiosis between species. Predation regulates populations while competition and symbiosis shape species evolution.
- Biomes are large ecosystems defined by climate and habitat, such as forests, grasslands, and deserts. Biomes contain many interconnected communities of species.
The Biosphere
The biosphere is the layer of Earth where life exists, including all ecosystems. It is one of four spheres surrounding Earth, along with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Organisms within ecosystems engage in various relationships including cooperation, competition, predation, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Food chains and webs show the transfer of energy between organisms as some produce food, others consume plants or animals, and decomposers break down remains. Loss of biodiversity through extinction threatens ecosystems, so conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species and their habitats.
Aed 1313 ibe wk 2
This document discusses key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment. It explains that ecosystems involve energy and matter flows between biotic and abiotic factors. The principles of ecology include organisms like producers, consumers, decomposers and their interactions in food webs, food chains and populations. The document also discusses Islamic perspectives on ecology and humanity's role as stewards of the environment. It emphasizes the balance and interdependence between all living and non-living things in an ecosystem.
ecological relationship.pptx
Ecological relationships consist of two main types: symbiotic and oppositional. Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, amensalism, and parasitism, where species interact with varying levels of benefit or harm. Oppositional relationships involve predation, where one organism eats another for nutrients, and competition for limited resources between individuals or populations within or between species. Examples provided include zebras and birds benefiting from mutualism, clownfish sheltering in sea anemones through commensalism, and lions competing with hyenas for prey.
Describing Biodiversity
Senior Biology - Describing Biodiversity - For additional resources visit: http://www.iheartscience.net
Chapter 2 - Ecosystems - Science 10E
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including:
- Ecosystems are made up of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that interact in complex ways. Nutrients cycle through ecosystems via producers, consumers, and decomposers.
- Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels in an ecosystem, with higher levels containing fewer and smaller organisms due to energy losses between levels.
- Symbiotic relationships between species include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, with examples like cleaner fish and anemone crabs demonstrating mutualism.
Chapter2
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including:
- Ecosystems are made up of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that interact in complex ways. Nutrients cycle through ecosystems via producers, consumers, and decomposers.
- Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels in an ecosystem, with higher levels containing fewer and smaller organisms due to energy losses between levels.
- Symbiotic relationships between species include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, with examples like cleaner fish and their client fish demonstrating mutualism.
interactionsoforganisms-180323200310.ppt.pptx
An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic interactions within a defined space. Organisms within an ecosystem engage in various types of relationships including competition, predation, and symbiosis. Competition occurs when organisms strive for limited resources, often resulting in one species dominating the other over time. Predation describes the interaction where one organism kills another for food. Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism and involve close interactions between species.
Lesson 1: Ecosystem (Fourth Quarter Period)
1) An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact with each other. Biotic components include producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers make their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers cannot produce their own food and depend on producers or other consumers. Decomposers break down dead organisms.
2) Energy flows through an ecosystem via food chains and webs. Producers are the first link while consumers occupy higher trophic levels. Only about 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels, resulting in fewer organisms at higher levels as shown by the energy pyramid.
3) Organisms within an ecosystem engage in various interactions like predation, competition, mutualism and
Relationships Among Organisms PPT(1).pptx
This document provides definitions for key vocabulary terms related to relationships among organisms, including predation, competition, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, interdependence, coevolution, introduced species, and invasive species. It also defines species and ecosystem as prerequisite vocabulary. The document aims to describe the major types of interactions between organisms and explain how symbiotic relationships and invasive species affect the environment.
Symbiotic relationships
The document discusses symbiotic relationships between different species. It defines symbiosis as a close, long-term relationship between two organisms where at least one benefits. There are several types of symbiotic relationships including mutualism, where both species benefit; commensalism, where one benefits and the other is not affected; and parasitism, where one harms the host. Examples given include relationships between bees and flowers, cattle egrets and livestock, and intestinal parasites and humans. Symbiosis is described as an important process for species survival and a fundamental part of ecosystems.
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ANIMAL RELATIONSHIPS Powerpoint presentation by gayathri.a.t
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- 1. SABARIGIRI COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (AFFILIATED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF KERALA&RECOG.BY NCTE) ANCHAL,KOLLAM ,KERALA B.Ed course 2013-2014
- 2. Presented By, Anju L Natural Science Reg No:13379005
- 3. WELCOME
- 5. Habitat All of the biotic and abiotic factors in the area where an organism lives Lion habitat
- 6. Ecological Niche All of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce ◦ Food ◦ Abiotic conditions ◦ Behavior
- 7. Competitive Exclusion When two species are competing for the same resources, one species will be better suited to the niche, and the other species will be pushed into another niche or become extinct Invasive species may outcompete organisms that are native to a particular region
- 8. Predation The process by which one species captures and feeds upon another ◦ Heterotrophs can prey on autotrophs and other heterotrophs
- 9. Predator – Prey Cycles Prey outnumber predators Increasing numbers of prey promote increases in predator populations
- 10. Symbiosis A close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another ◦ Mutualism ◦ Commensalism ◦ Parasitism
- 11. Mutualism An interspecies interaction in which both species benefit ◦ Flowers and pollinating insects ◦ Humans and intestinal E. coli ◦ Clown fish and anemones
- 12. Commensalism A relationship between two organisms in which one receives an ecological benefit from another, while the other neither benefits or is harmed Many ecologists believe that commensalism is rare, and that most such relationships are probably subtle mutualism or parasitism
- 13. Parasitism A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is harmed. Many parasites have complex lifecycles involving more than one host Seen “Alien” ?
- 15. THANK YOU……