The document summarizes the history of polio vaccination efforts including the development of the inactivated Salk vaccine in 1955 and the live oral Sabin vaccine in 1961. It describes the World Health Organization's goal in 1988 to eradicate polio globally by 2000 through vaccination campaigns. It provides details about India's Intensified Pulse Polio Immunization program launched in 1995 and national immunization days, highlighting challenges in reaching all children.

2. 1948-Thomas Weller&Frederick
Robbins succeed in growing
poliovirus in live cells

3. 1955:Dr.Jonas Salk-
inactivated,injectable vaccine
Systemic immunity
No local immunity
No protection to
community.

4. 1961:Dr.Albert Sabin-live oral
vaccine
Easy to administer
Relatively cheap
Interrupt WPV
transmission
66%-herd immunity

5. 1980-OPV in UIP
1988-global goal to eradicate
polio by 2000(WHO).
zero incidence of WPV
transmission anywhere inthe
world.
Excludes VDPV(1case/1million
vaccinees)

6. 1995-IPPI
Istround-9th dec 1995&20th jan
1996.
Under 3 yrs irrespective of
immun status
87 million children
Jan 10,feb 7 2010

7.  Conducted on NID
 sudden,simultaneous,mass admn of
OPV,0-5yrs
 Mass immunisation campaigns
 2drops using dropper supplied with
vial
 Extra doses
 No min interval b/w PPI &scheduled
OPV doses

8. Nov- feb:low transmn season
Jun-sep:peak transmn-envt
sources of inf
House to house search for
missed children &vaccinating
them on next 2 days.

9. 1998
Colour monitors/labels
Circle of deep blue colour
White square,heat sensitive
material
High temp,colour changes to
blue-ineffective

13. 1988-125 endemic contries
2008-
4(India,Afghanistan,Pakistan,Nig
eria)
SEAR-India(UP&Bihar)
Kerala –last case in
Malapuram,2000

14. Poor service delivery
mechanisms
Low public awareness
Lack of comm participation
Lack of co-ordn b/w diff
working units