This document provides an overview of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI). It describes IMNCI as an integrated approach to child health that focuses on prevention and treatment of the major causes of death in children under five. The key components of IMNCI include improving health worker skills in managing childhood illnesses, ensuring availability of essential medicines, and educating families and communities on health promotion practices. The principles of IMNCI involve assessing all sick children according to color-coded classifications (red, yellow, green) that indicate the severity of illness and appropriate treatment.
Breast feeding and complimentary feeding are two best practices which reduce infant mortality and morbidity.this presentation will be helpful in understanding the art and science of both interventions.
Breast feeding and complimentary feeding are two best practices which reduce infant mortality and morbidity.this presentation will be helpful in understanding the art and science of both interventions.
under 5 mortality, most common causes for under 5 mortality, the situation in India, situation in other parts of the world and schemes by Indian government to overcome this problem
TRENDS IN PEDIATRICS AND PEDIATRIC NURSING
Pediatric regarded as the medical science which enables an anticipated newborn to grow into a healthy adult, useful to the society
it is uploaded for paramedics & nursing faculties to teach their students & also helps & create awareness about breast feeding practices to decrease the infant mortality rate.
This is a compilation of recommendations for feeding of HIV-exposed infants based on WHO-UNICEF and the DOH Administrative Order. Ideally, patient's choice should still be considered whether exclusively breastfeeding or exclusively replacement feeding.
Its only for study purpose for Nursing Students. Kindly refer and share to others. Now a days child mortality rate is very high due to diarrhoea and malnutrition. If we identify the child in first stage we can save them.
under 5 mortality, most common causes for under 5 mortality, the situation in India, situation in other parts of the world and schemes by Indian government to overcome this problem
TRENDS IN PEDIATRICS AND PEDIATRIC NURSING
Pediatric regarded as the medical science which enables an anticipated newborn to grow into a healthy adult, useful to the society
it is uploaded for paramedics & nursing faculties to teach their students & also helps & create awareness about breast feeding practices to decrease the infant mortality rate.
This is a compilation of recommendations for feeding of HIV-exposed infants based on WHO-UNICEF and the DOH Administrative Order. Ideally, patient's choice should still be considered whether exclusively breastfeeding or exclusively replacement feeding.
Its only for study purpose for Nursing Students. Kindly refer and share to others. Now a days child mortality rate is very high due to diarrhoea and malnutrition. If we identify the child in first stage we can save them.
IMNCI (Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness)Alam Nuzhathalam
An overview of IMNCI (Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness). IMNCI - Introduction, Objectives, Components, Principles, Case Management Process - Assess, classify, identify and treat the sick child age up to 2 months and 2 months up to 5 years, F-IMNCI and C-IMNCI.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
• At the end of this lecture the student will be able to:
• Describe the background, objective, component, and principle of
IMNCI.
• State the Family and community practices that promote child survival,
growth, and development.
• Summarize the importance of its application
3. KEY FACTS
• 5.6 million children under age five died in 2016, 15,000 every day.
• 7 in 10 of these deaths are due to the 5 major killers of children: Acute
respiratory infections (mostly pneumonia), diarrhea, measles, malaria, and
malnutrition- and often to a combination of these conditions.
• About 45% of all child deaths are linked to malnutrition.
• More than half of these early child deaths are due to conditions that could
be prevented or treated with access to simple, affordable interventions.
(WHO)
4. CONT;
• Most child deaths (and 70% in developing countries) result from one
or more of the following five causes:
5.
6. Rational For an Evidence Base Syndromic
Approach To Case Management
• Prevention and treatment strategies proven effective for saving young
lives such as
Childhood vaccinations reduced deaths due to measles.
ORS reduction in diarrhea deaths.
Effective antibiotics have saved millions of children with pneumonia.
Prompt treatment of malaria and breastfeeding practices have
reduced childhood deaths.
7. CONT;
• A single diagnosis may not be appropriate. Treatment needs to combine
therapy for several conditions.
• A more integrated approach to managing sick children is needed to achieve
better outcomes
• Child health programmes need to move beyond addressing single diseases
to addressing the overall health and well-being of the child.
• While each of these interventions has shown great success, accumulating
evidence suggests.
• Because many children present with overlapping signs and symptoms of
diseases, a single diagnosis can be difficult, and may not be feasible or
appropriate. This is especially true for first-level health facilities where
examinations involve few instruments, little or no laboratory tests, and no x
ray
8. CONT,
• During the mid-1990s, (WHO), in collaboration with UNICEF and many
other agencies, institutions, and individuals, responded to this
challenge by developing an Integrated Management of Childhood
Illness (IMNCI) strategy.
• Major reason for developing the IMNCI strategy is not only the needs
of curative care, the strategy also addresses aspects of nutrition,
immunization, and other important elements of disease prevention
and health promotion.
9. What is IMNCI?
• IMNCI is an integrated approach to child health that focuses on the
well-being of the whole child.
• IMNCI aims to reduce death, illness, and disability, and to promote
improved growth and development among children under five years
of age.
• IMNCI includes both preventive and curative elements that are
implemented by families and communities as well as by health
facilitators.
10.
11. The objectives
• To reduce death and the frequency and severity
• of illness and disability among children under five years of age.
• To improved growth and development among children under five
years of age.
• Parents, if correctly informed and counselled, can play an important
role in improving the health status of their children by following the
advice given by a health care provider.
• By applying appropriate feeding practices .
• By bringing sick children to a doctor as soon as symptoms arise.
12. Components of the integrated approach
improving the case management skills of health workers through the
provision of clinical guidelines on the integrated management of childhood
illness, adapted to the local context, and training to promote their use;
Improving the health system by ensuring the availability of essential drugs
and other supplies improving the organization of work at the health facility
level improving monitoring and supervision;
improving family and community practice through the education of
mothers, fathers, other caregivers, and members of the community, with a
focus on health-seeking behavior, compliance, care at home, and overall
health promotion.
13. Family and community practices that promote
child survival, growth and development
• Exclusive breastfeeding
• Complementary feeding
• Micronutrients
• Hygiene
• Immunization
• Malaria: use of bed nets
• Antenatal care
• Home care for illness
• Parents, if correctly informed and counseled, can play an important role in
improving the health status of their children by following the advice given by a
healthcare provider. By applying appropriate feeding practices.By bringing sick
children to a doctor as soon as symptoms arise.
14. The principles of integrated care
• All sick children must be examined for “general
danger signs” which indicate the need for immediate referral or
admission to a hospital.
• All sick children must be routinely assessed
for major symptoms
• Children aaged2 months up to 5 years: cough or difficulty breathing,
diarrhea, fever, ear problems;
• Young infants aged up to 2 months: bacterial infection, jaundice, and
diarrhea)
15. •All sick young infants and children 2
months up to 5 years must also be
routinely assessed for nutritional and
immunization status, feeding problems,
and other potential problem
16. CONT;
• Only a limited number of carefully selected clinical signs are used , based
on evidence of their sensitivity and specificity to detect disease.
• A combination of individual signs leads to a child’s classification(s) rather
than a diagnosis.
• Classification(s) indicate the severity of condition(s). They call for specific
actions based on whether the child
• (a) should be urgently referred to another level of care,
• (b) requires specific treatments ( antibiotic/antimalarial
• treatment),
• (c) may be safely managed at home.
17. Cont;
• The classifications are colour coded:
• “red suggests hospital referral or admission,
• “yellow” indicates initiation of treatment,
• “green” calls for home treatment
18. •The IMNCI guidelines address most, but not
all, of the major reasons a sick infant or
child is brought to a clinic such as an infant
or child returning with chronic problems or
less common illnesses, the management of
trauma or other acute emergencies due to
accidents or injuries, care at birth .
19. CONT
• ;
• IMNCI management procedures use a limited number of essential
drugs and encourage active participation of caretakers in the
treatment of infants and children.
• Guidelines to counsel the caretakers about home care, including
counseling about feeding, fluids and when to return to a health
facility.
• "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the
population; they should therefore be available at all times in
adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the
community can afford."
20. Where should IMNCI be applied ?
• IMNCI should be applied
• 1st level health facilities (clinics, rural and urban health centers, MCH
centers),
• outpatient departments of hospitals
21. AGE GROUPS COVERED BY IMCI
•
Birth up to 5 years.
• The case management process is presented in 2 different
sets of charts:
• 1. A set for children aged 2 months up to 5 years (up to 5
years means that the child has NOT yet reached his or her
5th birthday. For example a child who is 4 years 11
months but not a child who is 5 years old). This set is
presented on 3 charts titled: ASSESS AND CLASSIFY THE
SICK CHILD TREAT THE CHILD and COUNSEL THE MOTHER
22. • 2 . A set for young infants age up to 2 months (up to 2 months means
that the infant is NOT yet 2 months of age. An infant who is 2 months
old would be included in the group 2 months up to 5 years). This set is
presented on a chart titled:
• ASSESS, CLASSIFY AND
TREAT THE SICK YOUNG INFANT
23. WHY NOT TO USE IMNCI FOR CHILDREN AGE
5 YEARS OR MORE?
•
Much of the treatment advice in IMNCI may be helpful for a child
aged 5 years or more. However, because of differences in the clinical
signs of older and younger children who have these illnesses, the
assessment, and classification process, using these clinical signs, is
not recommended for older children