Instructional technology is defined as the theory and practice of facilitating learning through the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation of processes and resources. It involves using technology to solve educational problems in the classroom. Instructional technologists design solutions to performance issues. Computer-assisted learning enables students to learn through interactive educational software programs and receives immediate feedback. While it individualizes learning, CAL also has disadvantages including the need for teacher training and high costs.

1. Topic: Instructional Technology &
Computer Assisted Learning

2. Ways to Define Instructional Technology
According to AECT definition
“Instructional Technology is the theory and practice
of design, development, utilization, management
and evaluation of processes and resources for
learning.” (Seels & Richey)

3. According to Morrison, ross
“instructional technology is a growing field of study
which use technology as a means to solve
educational challenges both in the class room”

4. Domains of IT
• Instructional Design seeks to teach how to plan,
develop, evaluate and manage the instructional
process effectively to ensure improved performance by
learners.
• Instructional Technology's goal is to understand how
people learn and how to best design instructional
systems and instructional materials to facilitate that
learning

5. Cont.…
• Instructional Technologists are today's problem
solvers. They look to understand performance
problems and design solutions to those problems
and design solution

6. About IT
• Instructional Technology (IT) is a field concerned
with improving the efficiency and effectiveness of
learning, performance improvement and
instruction through:
• Designing instruction (including all the phases of
activity from needs assessment to evaluation)

7. Cont.…
• Applying learning theory to instructional design
• Selecting delivery systems and designing
techniques for a given delivery system
• Assessing human characteristics
• Conducting process and product evaluation
• Managing change and adopting innovations

8. Cont.…
• Integrating instruction with other factors that
influence human performance
• Implementing delivery to reach learners when
they need it
• Using technology in support of the development
and delivery of instruction

9. Examples of Instructional
Technologies
• first image is of a computer
• computers are the primary technology
available in schools today
• Using computers and multimedia
software, students can create
presentations

10. • capability makes it possible for
students to include images of
documents.
• But technology is more than computers.

11. Digital and video cameras
• Digital and video cameras provide
students the opportunity to create a
photo documentary of their learning

12. Calculators
• solve complex problems
• graphing calculator can be represented
numerically, graphically, and
symbolically

13. tape recorders
• used to enhance and extend learning
• A student’s reading fluency can be
recorded for use in a portfolio.

15. National Educational Technology
Standards for Students
1. Basic operations and concepts
Students are proficient in the use of
technology
2. Social, ethical, and human issues
cultural, and societal issues related to
technology.
3. Technology productivity tools
promote creativity

16. 4. Technology communication tools
communicate information and ideas
effectively to multiple audiences.
5. Technology research tools
Students use technology tools to process
data and report results.
6. Technology problem-solving and
decision-making tools

17. Types of technology, It’s functions
and Benefits”

18. Type of technology
Black Board, Overhead Projector
Functions, Benefits
Disseminate information
Immediately updateable
Pace lecture
Collaboration

19. Type of technology
Prepared Overhead
Functions, Benefits
Disseminate information
Immediately updateable
Some collaboration
Prepared lectures

20. Type of technology
Presentation Software
Functions, Benefits
Disseminate information
Media Integration
Prepared Lectures
Maintains attention

21. Type of Technology
Video, audio stream
Functions, Benefits
Disseminate information
Support & extend instruction
Maintains attention

22. Type of Technology
Online testing
Functions, Benefits
Practice
Immediate feedback
Access at a distance
Access at any time

23. Type of Technology
Simulations & Demonstrations
Functions, Benefits
Active learning experience
Engaging
Elaboration of concepts

24. Type of Technology
Computer mediated conferencing
Functions, Benefits
Collaboration
Encourages critical thinking
Writing skills

25. Type of Technology
Online Course
Functions, Benefits
Access any time, any place
Can include active components

26. What does CAL
stand for ?
“Computer assisted learning”

27. Definition
According to Mifflin:
“ Computer assisted Learning is defines as learning
through computers with subject wise learning
packages/materials.

28. History of Computer Assisted Learning
Pressey 1960’s

29. Computer-Assisted learning
CAL is convey vast amount of
information in very short time .
Computer-assisted learning enable you
in a powerful way to comprehend
complex concepts .

30. Functions of CAL are:
 Tutoring
 Use of a computer as a calculator
 Use of a computer as a laboratory

31. Modes & Types of CAL
The major modes of CAL can be given
as follows:
Drill and Practice
 Narrative/Presentational
 Games

32. Traditional Teaching Vs. CAL
• The traditional teaching environment is a
classroom: a single teacher giving lectures to a
group of students.
• The use of computers in education shifts the focus
away from the teacher to the students themselves
who learn through experimentation on the
computer with the teacher acting only as a guide.

34. Advantages of CAL
• It involves any student actively in the learning
process.
• Reinforcement of learning in such situations is
immediate and systematized.
• CAL is individualized, that is each student is free
to work at his own place
• CAL offers a wide range of experiences
• It enables the student to understand concepts
clearly

35. • It works as multimedia providing audio as
well as visual inputs
• It enables the student to understand
concepts clearly with the use of stimulating
techniques such as animation, blinking,
graphical displays etc.

38. Disadvantages of CAL
• The need for teachers and training directors to
move from accepted methods
• CAL packages may not fulfil expectations of
teachers.
• Motivating and training teachers to make use of
computers in education is a challenging task.
• They may be unwilling to spend extra time for
preparation

39. Cont..
• There are administrative problems associated
with computer installation
• The problems particularly related to the physical
location of the computer resources
• The cost of hardware maintenance and insurance
and time-tabling.