This presentation discusses about Application of Computers in Education, CAI, CAL, CBT, and CML

1. Application of Computers in
Education
Sudarshan Mishra, Ph.D.
Ravenshaw University
Cuttack
E-mail: smishra@ravenshawuniversity.ac.in

2. Outline
• Application of Computers in Education
• CAI
• CAL
• CBT
• CML

3. Application of Computers in Education
• world’s knowledge base doubles every 2–3 years;
• 7,000 scientific and technical articles are published
each day;
• data sent from satellites orbiting the earth transmit
enough data to fill 19 million volumes every two
weeks;
• graduates of secondary schools in industrialized
nations have been exposed to more information than
their grandparents were in a life-time;
• there will be as much change in the next three
decades as there was in the last three centuries
Source: National School Board Association,USA,2002

4. Literacy for the 21st century
Traditional
3R’s
21st century 3R’s
Reading finding information by searching in written
sources, observing, collecting, and recording
Writing communicating in hypermedia involving all
types of information and all media;
Arithmetic designing objects and actions
(UNESCO, 2005)

5. Uses of Computer in Education
• Huge & organized store of information
• Quick processing of data
• Audio-visual guides in teaching
• Parents can know their wards’ progress
• Quick Communication

6. • Computers can be used extensively for
educational administration: General
Administration, Pay Roll and Financial
Accounting, Administration of Student Data
• Office Automation System (OAS): (a)
Collection of information (b) Information
processing (c) Information storing (d)
Information retrieval

7. Use of Computer in Education
• Teaching: teacher tube, presentation, geogebra,
Wallwisher, googledoc, googlebooks,
googleimage, webquest
• Learning: wikis, google,
• Communication: e-mail, blogs, social networking,
Twitter, Edublog, edmpdo, facebook, messanger
• Assessment: e-portfolio, rubrics, concept
mapping, hot potatoes
• Research: JSTOR, SPSS, Survey monkey

8. Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)
• an interactive and self-learning technique
• content is presented on computer screen
• It could be offline/online
• interaction of students with the contents
presented on the computer screen in the form
of programmed instruction.
• uses a multimedia i.e. combination of text,
graphics, sound and video in enhancing the
learning process.

9. • Important modes of delivery: tutorials, drill
and practice, simulation, games, etc.
• a typical CAI will have multimedia content,
mostly text, multiple choice questions,
problems for application, immediate
feedback, notes on incorrect response,
exercises for practice and result of learner
performance.

10. Advantages
• Individualized instruction (self-pacing, self-
directed, self-motivated, freedom to
experiment with different options, Immediate
feedback)
• helps shy and slow learners to learn as they do
not feel awkward and humiliated in front of
class
• Use of multimedia helps learners to
understand difficult concepts through multi
sensory approach.

11. Disadvantages
• Lack of adequate infrastructure
• Non-availability of good CAI packages
• If not used judiciously, a learner may feel
overwhelmed by the information and
resources available
• Tendency to overuse multimedia which may
divert the attention of learner from the
content
• Learning becomes mechanical.

12. Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)
• Use of computers as a learning resource that
can enhance and extend the traditional
curriculum.
• computer is viewed as a tool that can assist
students to learn
• computer is viewed as a tool that can assist
students in the totality of their tasks.
• Helps for improving thinking and problem-
solving skills that are not curriculum specific

13. Software Used in CAL
1) Drill And Practice Software
• Like, worksheets and flashcards that are used
in classroom.
• measures the performance of the students
and also provides them feedback
• Many of these softwares have sounds and
other interesting features that motivate the
student.
• No teaching component

14. 2) Tutorial Software
• responsible for presenting skills and various
concepts
• student is given opportunity to practice these
concepts
• can be both linear and non-linear.
• very interactive
• Students are not passive

15. 3) Problem Solving Software
• Allows to view the results of reactions to
various events.
• Manipulation of variables is done by the users
and feedback is provided to them according to
these manipulations.
• can greatly enhance the learning capabilities
of the students.

16. 4) Simulation
• model of a real phenomenon, object, event
where the learners are shown their result
based on their actions
• used to provide the experience that otherwise
not possible.
• deal with very high level thinking skills

17. FEATURES OF CAL
• Personalizing information increases the
learner’s interest in the task.
• Animating objects help in better
understanding of the concept
• Learners are provided choices over their own
learning.
• Fantasy context are provided that facilitate
engagement.

18. Advantages of CAL
• Works according to the pace and capabilities
of the user.
• CAL has interactive features like quizzes and
games for learning.
• It can utilize the capabilities of multimedia.
• It can enhance decision making abilities, etc.

19. Disadvantages
• It is not an integral part of the education but a
novelty.
• expensive.
• Some of the content are outdated.
• increasing development in hardware makes
selection of a system difficult for CAL

20. Computer based training (CBT)
• use of computer and other associated
technology to acquire a skill necessary for
solving a specific problem or executing a
certain task
• to solve performance problems through
training
• essentially individualised
• similar to CAI in its design.
• Some call it Technology Based Training

21. Advantages
• Activity based tutorials of shorter duration
provide information for understanding and
allows higher retention of knowledge.
• Drill and Pleadice allows mastery learning
• provide complete experiential learning
• learner can develop skills by working on
models and simulated projects.
• The term e-learning evolved from CBT along
with the maturation of the internet, CDs and
DVDs.

22. Computer Managed Learning (CML)
• computers being used for assisting the teacher
in managing learning resources and classroom
tasks
• Includes maintaining profiles of students, level
of attainment and pace of learning, records of
assignments and examinations, determining
appropriate teaching material, learning
sequences, diagnosing the areas of weakness
and their follow-up remedial instruction, etc.

23. • learner is more at the receiving end, and
much less initiative is expected of him.

24. Thank you