This document provides information on installing and designing a structured cabling network. It discusses the components of structured cabling including cables, patch panels, outlets, and cross-connect devices. It also covers design considerations for installing cable runs, closets, racks, and ensuring proper grounding. The goal is to provide an organized and consistent wiring system to transmit data throughout a building or site.

1. Installing the Network

2. Structured Cabling
• Comprises of cables and associated hardware parts
• Provides an organized way of low voltage wiring
• Transmits data that is built in structured form
• Need of structured cabling:
– Consistency – Standard cabling systems for Data, voice and
video
– Cost Reduction – Reduces the cost by reducing the number of
cables
– Troubleshooting – Isolates and fixes the problem
– Mobility – Network resources are portable
– Supports upgrading – Supports future applications

3. Design Considerations of Structured Cabling

4. Structured Cabling - II
• Design Considerations of structured cabling
– Entrance Facilities – Connects the building with the
outside world
– Equipment Room – Serves the users within the room
– Telecommunications Room – Accommodates the cabling
system equipment
– Backbone Cabling – Interconnects telecommunications
room, equipments room and entrance facilities

5. Structured Cabling - III
• Design Considerations of structured cabling
– Horizontal Cabling – Extends from the work area
telecommunications outlet to telecommunications closet
– Work Area – Components extend from the
telecommunications outlet to the stations equipment
– Cable Administration – Involves logical numbering scheme
that can be applied to all the cables, outlets, patch cables
and even control systems

6. Cable Distance – I
• Horizontal Cabling Distance
– horizontal cabling distance is 99 meters (TIA/EIA-568A)
– 6 meters of patch cable
– 90 meters horizontal (routed in the wall)
– 3 meters of station cable
– 99 meters total (rounded off to 100 meters)
• Backbone cable Distance
– Depends on type of cable being used and on its
location

7. Pulling Cables - I
• While dealing with structured cabling you have to pull
out the cables from some conduits and punch down the
free end of the cable
• Conduits are PVC or flexible plastic pipes used to
organize the cables
• Pull twine through the conduits

8. Pulling cables - II
Elements
required for
pulling cables
Scale and
Fish Tape Twine Conduits Patch Panel
Tape

9. Pulling Cable Tools
Fish Tape Twine Conduit
Scale &
Tape
Patch Panel

10. Cables
• Two or more wires bound together, in protective jacket
or sheath
• Different types of cables:
– Twisted pair cable
– Coaxial cable
– Optical fiber cable
– Shielded and Unshielded cable

11. Cable Connectors – I
• Part of cable which plugs into port or interface to
connect one device to another
• Connectors: Male and Female
– DB-15 connectors - Commonly used on electronic and
computer equipment
– RJ45 Connectors – Used in networking to connect
computer to network card
– BNC Coaxial Connectors – Used with coaxial cables or used
with Ethernet system

12. Cable Connectors – II
– 210 Patch Plug – Uses internal pair isolation, pair-to-pair
compensation and layered contacts
– Token-Ring Data Connector – Used on end of a shielded
twisted pair cable
• Distinguishing Wires
– Color coding makes identification each wire or pair of
wires in the cable easier
– Tip and ring – Identifies plus wire and minus wire

13. Cabling Tools
• Used in networking to work with wires or devices or to
connect wires and devices to each other
• Different tools used are:
– Punchdown Tools
– RJ45 Crimping Tool
– Coaxial Cable Crimping Tool
– Pin Crimping Tool
– Cable stripper

14. Working with Cables
• Installation works in three stages:
– Running cable from central point to the room
– Wall jacks are mounted and cables ended into jacks
– Wire cables from the central end to switchboard
• Color Coding
– Helps to classify different types of wires
– Patch cable and cross over cable can be differentiated on
the basis of colour coding

15. Working with Cables – II
• Tools and materials required for crimping cable:
– RJ45 Crimping Tool
– Wire stripper
– Wire cutter
– RJ-45 plugs
– Cat-5 UTP cables

16. Working with Cables – III
• Straight through Cable
– Same pin out connections at both ends
– Used to connect dissimilar devices
 Crossover Cable
 Modify pin out connections
at one end
 Used to connect similar types
of devices

17. Working with Cables – IV
• Weak Link
– Mostly, weakest link is the station cable, which runs from
wall to desktop
• Information Outlet
– Protect horizontal wiring from physical handling that
cables receive
– Keep installation neat and eliminate unsightly snake pit of
unused cables coiled on floor
• Station Cable
– Runs between information outlet
and network node e.g. PC

18. RJ45 Modular Outlet
• Device used to connect shielded or unshielded cables
• Acts as extension where wires are fixed on the either
side of modular connector

19. Grounding
• Two wires that come from the transformer are called the
hot wires usually RED in color and neutral wire in BLACK
• A large building requires more than one earth ground
and the earth ground between two buildings is different
in different situations
• Fiber optic cable is the best option to link buildings
• Power grounding problems are two types: open or high
resistance ground or an abnormal pulse or condition
between power conductors

20. Closet
• Main point in an organization where major networking cabling come
together
• Equipment in a wiring closet includes:
– Patch panels for vertical wiring
– Patch panels for horizontal wiring
– Wiring hubs
– Uninterruptible Power Supplies
• Types of wiring closets:
– Intermediate Distribution Frames (IDF) – at least one IDF per floor for a
multi storey building
– Main Distribution Frame (MDF) – where the inside cable plant meets
the outside world’s connectivity. All IDFs throughout building are
connected to MDF in a star topology

21. Closet Details
• Typical equipment in a wiring closet are:
– Backbone wiring cross-connect device
– Horizontal wiring cross-connect device
– Patch cables
– Wiring hubs
– Backup power for wiring hubs
– Router and modems
– Access server
– Fire Sprinkler System
The layout for the equipments in a wiring closet are put on
the wall or in an equipment rack

22. Cross-Connect Devices - I
• Make easy to configure horizontal and backbone wiring
• Terminates cable or group of cables
• Adaptability is easy when the organization grows year
after year
• In data networks – Small cross-connect device will
terminate backbone cable and make it available for
connection to wiring hub
• In wiring hub – Larger cross-connect device will
terminate horizontal wiring before it enters hub

23. Cross-Connect Devices - II
66M Punch Down Patch Panel
Block

24. Cabinets and Racks
• Patch panels and wiring hubs can mount on wall in
brackets, stand in racks or reside in full cabinets that
are racks with doors
• If small installation – Mount patch panels and wiring
hubs on wall

25. Cabinets and Racks - II
Full
Distribution Equipment Rack
Rack Cabinet

26. Cables
• Used to avoid damage to cable pairs and used to tie the
cables
• Ties come in many sizes and materials

27. Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)
• Equip network file servers
with backup power
• Allow wiring hubs to go
without power during power
failure
• VA system is more accurate
than wattage rating
• As a quick rule of thumb
choose your UPS with VA
rating at least two times the
wattage rating consumption

28. Conduits
• Plastic pipes that run through wall plate between wiring closets
• If space left:
– Used to pull a new cable
– Used as replacement for a bad one
– For added capacity
– New conduit should have a piece of string used to pull the cable in
future
• Fish tape
– An equipment which is part of any installers toolbox
– Consists of a reel of wire stiff enough to push its way through the
conduit
– When pulling through conduit ensure the power is turned off for
those wires

29. Cable Trays
• Provide large cable system
• Wire rack designed to carry the weight of the cables
• Common in modern wiring closets and in building
infrastructure spaces such as basements, airshafts, and
ceiling
• Point to note when cables run inside ceilings and walls

30. Configuring Backbone Cable
• Backbone wiring is also known as vertical wiring
• TIA/EIA standard suggests that the backbone system should be a star
configuration
• Wiring closet that contain patch and cross-connect panels which
connect to horizontal wiring
• Backbone wiring link each wiring closet to cross-connect point or
(MDF)
• Locating the closet
– Different parameters to keep in mind when going for closet
• Backbone Cable
– Modern installations use UTP or fiber-optic cable for the
backbone

31. Installation of Racks
• Explains how to place networking equipments and
accumulate different small equipment on the plate of
the rack
• Factors to be considered while installing the rack:
– Location to install the rack
– Installation holes marking
– Installation of the rack nuts
– Mount the different rails onto the rack
– Mount the different devices onto the rack
One U equals 1.75 inches

32. Managing Cables
• Cables:
– Should not run over desk
– Should not be entangled
• To manage cables:
– Free space on the desk where the cables will run
– Holes at top of desk
– Mount to protect cables

33. Wire Manager
• Used to mange wires that are common to one place
• Tools used to manage wires:
– Cable ties
– Conduits
– Twines
– Cable manager
– Labels
– Spiral wraps
– Unitags

34. Labeling Cables
• Used to identify path of the cables
• Distinct color and pattern of code of cable label helps
identify cables
• Labels can be written with a pen or a pencil
• Cables labeled using Label templates
• Administrator has to label the outlet at the work area
and fix the patch panel with the same number when
making network connection
Labels on Outlet