The document describes various network hardware components. It explains that repeaters and hubs receive and retransmit signals to extend network reach, while switches determine destination ports by reading addresses. Wireless access points function similarly to hubs to connect wireless devices. Network interface cards mediate the connection between computers and networks by assembling and transmitting signals. Routers connect local area networks and forward packets between networks using IP addresses and routing tables.
This document provides an overview of network protocols and the TCP/IP model. It describes the purpose of network protocols and the layered architecture of TCP/IP, with protocols operating at different layers to enable communication. The layers include the network access, internet, transport and application layers. Key protocols discussed include IP, ARP, ICMP, TCP and UDP, with explanations of their functions in routing packets, resolving addresses, error checking, and reliable vs. connectionless delivery.
The document discusses troubleshooting and support for computer networks. It describes the benefits of documenting a network, including making equipment changes easier and aiding troubleshooting. It outlines the problem-solving process, including defining the problem, gathering information, considering causes, testing solutions, and preventing future issues. Common troubleshooting tools are also described, such as ping, trace route, network monitors, and cable testers.
This document provides an overview of network operating systems and their components. It describes how network OSs allow computers to perform tasks like file sharing, email, and web browsing. It distinguishes between client OSs, which are optimized for end users, and server OSs, which provide infrastructure services and centralized resources. Server OSs incorporate features like user management, security policies, file storage, DHCP, DNS, and fault tolerance. The document also introduces virtualization and how it allows multiple guest operating systems to run simultaneously on a single physical computer.
This chapter discusses network hardware in depth, including switches, routers, wireless access points, and network interface cards. It describes the operation and advanced features of switches, such as creating the switching table, frame forwarding methods, and features like VLANs and port security. For routers, it explains routing tables, routing protocols, and access control lists. It also covers wireless security options, advanced wireless settings, and bus and feature options for network interface cards.
This document provides an overview of chapter 1 from the Network+ Guide to Networks, 6th Edition. It introduces networking concepts such as peer-to-peer and client/server networks. Peer-to-peer networks allow direct communication between equal nodes, while client/server networks use a centralized server to manage shared resources. The document also discusses common network types like LANs, MANs, and WANs and elements of client/server networks including clients, servers, network cards, and protocols. Finally, it outlines several common uses for networks such as file and print sharing, remote access services, and email communication.
The document provides an overview of network reference models and standards, specifically explaining the OSI reference model and IEEE 802 networking model. The OSI model is a seven-layer framework for networking that separates functions into the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The IEEE 802 standards define networking interfaces and cabling to ensure compatibility between devices.
Wide area networks connect local area networks over long distances using transmission technologies and devices. Common WAN connection methods include circuit-switched networks like ISDN, leased lines using T-carrier or SONET technologies, packet-switched networks like Frame Relay and ATM, and VPNs over the public Internet. Remote access allows connections from outside the LAN using dial-up, VPNs, or remote desktop applications. Cloud computing provides hosted applications, platforms, and infrastructure over the Internet on a pay-as-you-go basis.
This chapter discusses supporting small business networks. It explains that small business networks typically have less than 200 computers across one or two locations with modest technology needs. The chapter covers selecting network equipment for small businesses, including servers, desktops, switches, wireless access points and routers. It also discusses options for sharing files and other resources like printers for small business networks using Windows HomeGroups, Windows domains, Linux, and network attached storage devices.
This document provides an overview of network protocols and the TCP/IP model. It describes the purpose of network protocols and the layered architecture of TCP/IP, with protocols operating at different layers to enable communication. The layers include the network access, internet, transport and application layers. Key protocols discussed include IP, ARP, ICMP, TCP and UDP, with explanations of their functions in routing packets, resolving addresses, error checking, and reliable vs. connectionless delivery.
The document discusses troubleshooting and support for computer networks. It describes the benefits of documenting a network, including making equipment changes easier and aiding troubleshooting. It outlines the problem-solving process, including defining the problem, gathering information, considering causes, testing solutions, and preventing future issues. Common troubleshooting tools are also described, such as ping, trace route, network monitors, and cable testers.
This document provides an overview of network operating systems and their components. It describes how network OSs allow computers to perform tasks like file sharing, email, and web browsing. It distinguishes between client OSs, which are optimized for end users, and server OSs, which provide infrastructure services and centralized resources. Server OSs incorporate features like user management, security policies, file storage, DHCP, DNS, and fault tolerance. The document also introduces virtualization and how it allows multiple guest operating systems to run simultaneously on a single physical computer.
This chapter discusses network hardware in depth, including switches, routers, wireless access points, and network interface cards. It describes the operation and advanced features of switches, such as creating the switching table, frame forwarding methods, and features like VLANs and port security. For routers, it explains routing tables, routing protocols, and access control lists. It also covers wireless security options, advanced wireless settings, and bus and feature options for network interface cards.
This document provides an overview of chapter 1 from the Network+ Guide to Networks, 6th Edition. It introduces networking concepts such as peer-to-peer and client/server networks. Peer-to-peer networks allow direct communication between equal nodes, while client/server networks use a centralized server to manage shared resources. The document also discusses common network types like LANs, MANs, and WANs and elements of client/server networks including clients, servers, network cards, and protocols. Finally, it outlines several common uses for networks such as file and print sharing, remote access services, and email communication.
The document provides an overview of network reference models and standards, specifically explaining the OSI reference model and IEEE 802 networking model. The OSI model is a seven-layer framework for networking that separates functions into the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. The IEEE 802 standards define networking interfaces and cabling to ensure compatibility between devices.
Wide area networks connect local area networks over long distances using transmission technologies and devices. Common WAN connection methods include circuit-switched networks like ISDN, leased lines using T-carrier or SONET technologies, packet-switched networks like Frame Relay and ATM, and VPNs over the public Internet. Remote access allows connections from outside the LAN using dial-up, VPNs, or remote desktop applications. Cloud computing provides hosted applications, platforms, and infrastructure over the Internet on a pay-as-you-go basis.
This chapter discusses supporting small business networks. It explains that small business networks typically have less than 200 computers across one or two locations with modest technology needs. The chapter covers selecting network equipment for small businesses, including servers, desktops, switches, wireless access points and routers. It also discusses options for sharing files and other resources like printers for small business networks using Windows HomeGroups, Windows domains, Linux, and network attached storage devices.
This document discusses network media for wired and wireless networking. It describes the primary types of wired network media, including copper-based twisted-pair cable and fiber-optic cables. Characteristics like bandwidth, maximum segment length, interference susceptibility, cable grade, and cost are important criteria for choosing network media. The document focuses on unshielded twisted-pair cable, describing cable categories and components of a structured UTP cable plant.
The document provides an overview of chapter 1 in a networking essentials textbook. It covers basic computer components and operations, networking fundamentals such as packets and frames, and common network terms. The chapter objectives are listed and the presentation slides cover input/output components, storage, processing, how the operating system interfaces with hardware, and examples of local area networks, wide area networks, and internetworks.
This document provides an overview of network topologies and technologies. It describes common physical topologies including bus, star, ring, and point-to-point. Logical topologies determine how data travels between devices and can mimic the physical topology or operate differently using switches. Popular network technologies are also examined, particularly Ethernet, wireless LANs, and Token Ring. Ethernet remains the most widely used LAN technology and comes in various speeds and media types.
This chapter discusses network security and introduces key concepts such as developing a network security policy, securing physical access to network equipment, and securing network data. It covers determining elements of a security policy, developing password requirements, restricting user access, implementing authentication and authorization, and using tools like encryption, firewalls, and virtual private networks to enhance security. The goal is to help readers understand how to secure a network from both physical and digital threats.
This document provides an overview of server management and administration topics, including:
1) Managing user and group accounts, including creating accounts in Windows domains and Linux. Groups are used to organize users and assign permissions.
2) Configuring storage and file systems, such as volumes, partitions, and different file system types (FAT, NTFS, Linux). Permissions are set on files, folders and shares to control access.
3) Monitoring system performance and reliability using tools in Windows Server like Event Viewer, Performance Monitor, and Windows System Resource Manager.
A communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work together
Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture slides pptOsama Yousaf
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses network types including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers common network devices like hubs, switches, routers and network interface cards. Additionally, it examines network topologies (bus, star, ring, mesh), transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex), and the differences between baseband and broadband transmission. The document serves as a high-level introduction to foundational networking topics.
A network connects computer systems together to share computing power and storage facilities. Computers connect through cables or phone lines and may be in the same building or across different locations. Common examples include computer networks in offices and the global Internet. Networks allow for sharing of resources like printers and files as well as easy communication. While they provide advantages, networks also involve costs and security risks. The document describes different types of computer networks including LANs, WANs, and MANs as well as various network topologies, hardware, software, and security measures used in computer networking.
This chapter describes different types of modems and communication devices. It discusses analog modem architecture, including how analog modems modulate and demodulate signals. It also covers digital modems for wireless, ISDN, cable, DSL, and satellite connections. Finally, it describes how to configure modems and Internet connections in various operating systems like Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It describes what a computer network is, different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It explains common network devices, topologies, and technologies. The document also covers topics such as packet switching, open systems, protocols, IP addressing, domain name system (DNS), and firewalls.
The document discusses configuring and administering servers. It defines network operating systems and their characteristics. A network OS is software that runs on a server and enables it to manage networking functions. It also defines servers and their roles in providing services and resources to users. The document outlines learning outcomes related to confirming server specifications, verifying compatibility and interoperability, and configuring and testing servers.
A Deep Dive in the World of IT Networking (part 1)Tuan Yang
For a successful career in Information Technology, a strong foundation of basic networking concepts is a must. Networking technology allows for the exchange of data between large and small information systems used primarily by various businesses.
Learn more about:
» To be a Successful ICT Professional
» Running the IT projects successfully
» Benefit of networking
» Network Components
» Data Transfer
» IP Address
» Windows Commands
» Types of LANS
» Network Topology
» Centralized Computing Vs. Distributive Computing
» Client Server Model
» Peer to Peer Networks
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals. It defines a computer network and describes how networks allow users to communicate by transmitting data over connecting cables. The document then discusses key network concepts like file and print sharing, email services, directory services, and the internet. It also covers network administration, transmission types, common network types (LANs and WANs), network interface cards, IP addressing, topologies and physical components like cabling. Finally, it provides details on Ethernet and Token Ring network architectures.
This document provides information on different types of computer networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It then discusses various networking components such as network interface cards, switches, bridges, routers, and different types of network cabling including unshielded twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic, and wireless networking. The document also provides specifications for Ethernet cable types and their maximum lengths.
The chapter discusses different components and architectures for backbone networks. It describes switches, routers, and gateways that can be used in backbone networks. It outlines common backbone architectures including switched, routed, and virtual LAN (VLAN) backbones. Switched backbones are most popular and use switches to interconnect local area networks (LANs) instead of routers. VLANs assign computers to network segments through software rather than hardware. The chapter provides examples of how different backbone designs are implemented in organizations and their advantages.
This document discusses selecting technologies and devices for campus network designs. It covers considerations for the physical cabling plant design including centralized vs distributed topologies. Common media types are discussed such as copper, optical fiber, and wireless. Specific technologies like Ethernet variants and their characteristics are outlined. Selection criteria for internetworking devices that will make up the campus network are presented, including processing power, port counts, latency, throughput and support/quality factors. The document provides guidance on evaluating options for building out the physical implementation of a previously designed logical campus network.
Computer networks allow computing devices to communicate and share resources. Connections are usually made via physical wires or cables, but some use wireless radio or infrared signals. The Internet is a global wide-area network comprised of many smaller interconnected networks that are owned and managed by various organizations. It allows for the efficient transfer of data packets between networks via protocols like TCP/IP.
Computer networks allow computing devices to communicate and share resources. Connections are usually made via physical wires or cables, but some use wireless connections. The Internet is a global network made up of many smaller networks owned by different organizations. It uses standard protocols like TCP/IP to allow interoperability between systems. Domain Name Servers translate human-friendly hostnames into numeric IP addresses to route traffic across networks.
Computer networks allow computing devices to communicate and share resources. Connections are usually made via physical wires or cables, but some use wireless radio or infrared signals. The Internet is a global wide-area network comprised of many smaller interconnected networks that are owned and managed by various organizations. It allows for the efficient transfer of data packets between networks via protocols like TCP/IP.
Network components include nodes, links, clients, servers, and other devices that connect and allow communication between systems. Key components discussed include network interface cards, hubs, bridges, routers, switches, gateways, and wireless devices. Various media are used to physically transmit data between nodes on a network.
Networks connect computers and other devices together to allow sharing of resources and data. There are different types of networks including local area networks (LANs) within a building, wide area networks (WANs) spanning geographical locations, and wireless local area networks (WLANs). Networks use various technologies like copper cabling, fiber optic cabling, and wireless to transmit data. They provide benefits such as reduced costs, increased communication and collaboration, and centralized administration.
This document discusses network media for wired and wireless networking. It describes the primary types of wired network media, including copper-based twisted-pair cable and fiber-optic cables. Characteristics like bandwidth, maximum segment length, interference susceptibility, cable grade, and cost are important criteria for choosing network media. The document focuses on unshielded twisted-pair cable, describing cable categories and components of a structured UTP cable plant.
The document provides an overview of chapter 1 in a networking essentials textbook. It covers basic computer components and operations, networking fundamentals such as packets and frames, and common network terms. The chapter objectives are listed and the presentation slides cover input/output components, storage, processing, how the operating system interfaces with hardware, and examples of local area networks, wide area networks, and internetworks.
This document provides an overview of network topologies and technologies. It describes common physical topologies including bus, star, ring, and point-to-point. Logical topologies determine how data travels between devices and can mimic the physical topology or operate differently using switches. Popular network technologies are also examined, particularly Ethernet, wireless LANs, and Token Ring. Ethernet remains the most widely used LAN technology and comes in various speeds and media types.
This chapter discusses network security and introduces key concepts such as developing a network security policy, securing physical access to network equipment, and securing network data. It covers determining elements of a security policy, developing password requirements, restricting user access, implementing authentication and authorization, and using tools like encryption, firewalls, and virtual private networks to enhance security. The goal is to help readers understand how to secure a network from both physical and digital threats.
This document provides an overview of server management and administration topics, including:
1) Managing user and group accounts, including creating accounts in Windows domains and Linux. Groups are used to organize users and assign permissions.
2) Configuring storage and file systems, such as volumes, partitions, and different file system types (FAT, NTFS, Linux). Permissions are set on files, folders and shares to control access.
3) Monitoring system performance and reliability using tools in Windows Server like Event Viewer, Performance Monitor, and Windows System Resource Manager.
A communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work together
Introduction to Computer Networks Lecture slides pptOsama Yousaf
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It discusses network types including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers common network devices like hubs, switches, routers and network interface cards. Additionally, it examines network topologies (bus, star, ring, mesh), transmission modes (simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex), and the differences between baseband and broadband transmission. The document serves as a high-level introduction to foundational networking topics.
A network connects computer systems together to share computing power and storage facilities. Computers connect through cables or phone lines and may be in the same building or across different locations. Common examples include computer networks in offices and the global Internet. Networks allow for sharing of resources like printers and files as well as easy communication. While they provide advantages, networks also involve costs and security risks. The document describes different types of computer networks including LANs, WANs, and MANs as well as various network topologies, hardware, software, and security measures used in computer networking.
This chapter describes different types of modems and communication devices. It discusses analog modem architecture, including how analog modems modulate and demodulate signals. It also covers digital modems for wireless, ISDN, cable, DSL, and satellite connections. Finally, it describes how to configure modems and Internet connections in various operating systems like Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It describes what a computer network is, different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). It explains common network devices, topologies, and technologies. The document also covers topics such as packet switching, open systems, protocols, IP addressing, domain name system (DNS), and firewalls.
The document discusses configuring and administering servers. It defines network operating systems and their characteristics. A network OS is software that runs on a server and enables it to manage networking functions. It also defines servers and their roles in providing services and resources to users. The document outlines learning outcomes related to confirming server specifications, verifying compatibility and interoperability, and configuring and testing servers.
A Deep Dive in the World of IT Networking (part 1)Tuan Yang
For a successful career in Information Technology, a strong foundation of basic networking concepts is a must. Networking technology allows for the exchange of data between large and small information systems used primarily by various businesses.
Learn more about:
» To be a Successful ICT Professional
» Running the IT projects successfully
» Benefit of networking
» Network Components
» Data Transfer
» IP Address
» Windows Commands
» Types of LANS
» Network Topology
» Centralized Computing Vs. Distributive Computing
» Client Server Model
» Peer to Peer Networks
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals. It defines a computer network and describes how networks allow users to communicate by transmitting data over connecting cables. The document then discusses key network concepts like file and print sharing, email services, directory services, and the internet. It also covers network administration, transmission types, common network types (LANs and WANs), network interface cards, IP addressing, topologies and physical components like cabling. Finally, it provides details on Ethernet and Token Ring network architectures.
This document provides information on different types of computer networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It then discusses various networking components such as network interface cards, switches, bridges, routers, and different types of network cabling including unshielded twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic, and wireless networking. The document also provides specifications for Ethernet cable types and their maximum lengths.
The chapter discusses different components and architectures for backbone networks. It describes switches, routers, and gateways that can be used in backbone networks. It outlines common backbone architectures including switched, routed, and virtual LAN (VLAN) backbones. Switched backbones are most popular and use switches to interconnect local area networks (LANs) instead of routers. VLANs assign computers to network segments through software rather than hardware. The chapter provides examples of how different backbone designs are implemented in organizations and their advantages.
This document discusses selecting technologies and devices for campus network designs. It covers considerations for the physical cabling plant design including centralized vs distributed topologies. Common media types are discussed such as copper, optical fiber, and wireless. Specific technologies like Ethernet variants and their characteristics are outlined. Selection criteria for internetworking devices that will make up the campus network are presented, including processing power, port counts, latency, throughput and support/quality factors. The document provides guidance on evaluating options for building out the physical implementation of a previously designed logical campus network.
Computer networks allow computing devices to communicate and share resources. Connections are usually made via physical wires or cables, but some use wireless radio or infrared signals. The Internet is a global wide-area network comprised of many smaller interconnected networks that are owned and managed by various organizations. It allows for the efficient transfer of data packets between networks via protocols like TCP/IP.
Computer networks allow computing devices to communicate and share resources. Connections are usually made via physical wires or cables, but some use wireless connections. The Internet is a global network made up of many smaller networks owned by different organizations. It uses standard protocols like TCP/IP to allow interoperability between systems. Domain Name Servers translate human-friendly hostnames into numeric IP addresses to route traffic across networks.
Computer networks allow computing devices to communicate and share resources. Connections are usually made via physical wires or cables, but some use wireless radio or infrared signals. The Internet is a global wide-area network comprised of many smaller interconnected networks that are owned and managed by various organizations. It allows for the efficient transfer of data packets between networks via protocols like TCP/IP.
Network components include nodes, links, clients, servers, and other devices that connect and allow communication between systems. Key components discussed include network interface cards, hubs, bridges, routers, switches, gateways, and wireless devices. Various media are used to physically transmit data between nodes on a network.
Networks connect computers and other devices together to allow sharing of resources and data. There are different types of networks including local area networks (LANs) within a building, wide area networks (WANs) spanning geographical locations, and wireless local area networks (WLANs). Networks use various technologies like copper cabling, fiber optic cabling, and wireless to transmit data. They provide benefits such as reduced costs, increased communication and collaboration, and centralized administration.
A Local Area Network (LAN) connects devices within a limited geographic area allowing sharing of files, printers and email. A LAN consists of computers, network interface cards, networking media and traffic control devices. Network interface cards connect devices to the network and have a unique MAC address. Repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches and routers are networking devices that help extend coverage and direct traffic in a LAN. Repeaters regenerate signals to extend cable length while hubs connect ports without directing traffic. Bridges separate a LAN into segments while switches make forwarding decisions based on MAC addresses to improve efficiency. Routers connect different network technologies and direct traffic at an IP address level.
Computer network components include both hardware and software. The key hardware components are servers, clients, transmission media like cables, and connecting devices like switches and routers. Servers store and manage network resources, clients access these resources, and connecting devices allow communication across networks. Important software includes network operating systems and protocols that allow devices to communicate according to standard rules. Understanding the roles of these various components is essential for setting up both small home networks and larger organization networks.
Detailed description about Hubs Switches Modems and their workingrockingprashik
The document discusses various networking devices including hubs, switches, and modems. It provides details on how each device works, types of each device, their applications and merits and demerits. Hubs connect devices on a network but do not filter or manage traffic. Switches can filter traffic and improve network performance by sending data only to its destination port. Modems modulate digital signals for transmission over phone lines and are used to connect networks across long distances.
The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and provides examples of common network devices like routers, switches, hubs, bridges and modems. It explains how these devices work and their purposes. The document also discusses network connection methods like WiFi and Bluetooth. It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of networks as well as factors to consider when using different connection types.
The document discusses the key differences between packet switching and circuit switching networks. Packet switching breaks messages into packets that are sent independently over multiple routes, while circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection for the duration of a call. Some advantages of packet switching are more efficient use of bandwidth and easier scalability, while circuit switching guarantees quality of service and full bandwidth for calls.
This document provides an overview of web technology topics including the history of the internet, HTML protocols, and object-based technologies. It discusses the development of packet switching and ARPANET in the 1960s, the establishment of TCP/IP and the domain name system in the 1980s, and the commercialization of the internet in the 1990s. It also covers concepts related to connecting to the internet, web protocols like HTTP, and client-side and server-side scripting languages.
Introduction to computer networking chapter 2binakasehun2026
This document provides an overview of computer networks, including their components, applications, types, and topologies. Key points:
- A computer network connects devices like computers and printers to share resources and exchange information. Nodes can be any device that can send or receive data.
- Networks provide advantages like resource sharing, information exchange via email/FTP, information sharing via web/internet, interaction via dynamic web pages, video conferences, and parallel computing.
- Networks are classified by geographical span (LAN, MAN, WAN), administration (private, public), and architecture (client-server, peer-to-peer). Common topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid combinations.
Basic networking in power point by suprabhaSuprabha Sahoo
Computer networking allows for the sharing of data and resources between connected computers. The main purpose is sharing information, hardware, software, and administration. Connected devices include network interface cards, cables, hubs/switches, routers, and network software. Common network topologies are peer-to-peer and client-server. Common network types include local area networks within an office and metropolitan area networks within a city.
For beginners in Computer Networking field, know about basics about what is Computer Networks, what are ways through which we can communicate, what is meant by protocols, he famous OSI its layers and TCP/IP and its layers, What makes a Networking Device, basic topologies of Computer Networks, special purpose network devices like Switch, routers, repeter, bridges and hub, and basics of networking methods, basics of ethernet, TCP its characteristics, UDP, TCP vs UDP, One would wonder what happens when information particular to each layer is read by the corresponding protocols at target machine or why is it required?
1. There are several common network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid topologies. The bus topology uses a single cable to connect all devices but has single point of failure issues.
2. The star topology is now very common, with devices connecting to a central hub or switch. It offers easier management but the hub/switch is a single point of failure.
3. Ring topologies provide better bandwidth use but require more complex firmware. Mesh topologies provide redundancy through multiple connections but a full mesh is impractical for large networks. Hybrid topologies combine features to address issues.
The document discusses the ZigBee technology. It provides an overview of ZigBee, including its key characteristics such as low power consumption, low cost, high density of nodes, and simple protocol. It also discusses ZigBee's target markets such as home automation, industrial control, and healthcare. The document compares ZigBee to Bluetooth and power line communication technologies.
A switch is a networking device that filters and forwards packets between ports. Unmanaged switches allow devices to connect without configuration, while managed switches can be customized through settings like VLANs and bandwidth allocation. Switches are more advanced than hubs as they can direct traffic to specific ports, improving network efficiency compared to hubs which broadcast all traffic to all ports. Common switch types include unmanaged switches for home networks, smart switches with basic web interfaces, and fully managed enterprise switches for large networks.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including the basic components of a network, common network topologies, network devices, network addressing using IP addresses and subnet masks, network models like OSI and TCP/IP, and basic network communication. Key topics covered include LANs, WANs, Ethernet, wireless networks, routers, switches, TCP, UDP, ports, MAC addresses, and the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models.
A network connects two or more devices for sharing data and resources. Data communication refers to the exchange of data between devices via transmission media like wires. The key differences are that data communication transfers data between nodes while computer networks can transfer data across large distances. A network interface card (NIC) allows a computer to connect to a network. An IP address uniquely identifies devices on a network or internet while a MAC address uniquely identifies devices locally. Common network devices include hubs, switches, routers, bridges and repeaters which operate at different layers and have different functions in transferring data.
This document discusses computer networks and their components. It defines a computer network as a collection of connected computers and devices that allows users to share hardware, software and data. The document outlines the key components required for a network, including network interface cards, hubs, switches, routers, and wireless access points. It also discusses the advantages of resource sharing and file sharing through networks, as well as some disadvantages like security issues and virus spreading.
The document discusses fog networks and cloud computing in the context of an Internet of Things course. It covers the following key points:
- Fog networks refer to decentralized computing infrastructure located closer to IoT devices to help process some data locally instead of sending everything to the cloud. This helps address issues like latency.
- Cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources, allowing IoT systems to extend functionality by processing and storing data in the cloud.
- Common cloud service models for IoT include Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Major cloud providers like Amazon AWS offer services tailored to IoT applications
Planning and safety precautions are required for patient transfers between surfaces. Transfers can involve one, two, or three persons and different techniques depending on the patient's abilities and location. The occupational therapist teaches safe transfer methods and ensures protection of the patient and caregivers. Factors like strength, balance, and endurance impact a patient's independence in transfers.
This document provides an overview of server management and administration topics including:
1. Managing user and group accounts, including creating accounts in Windows and Linux. Groups are used to organize users and assign permissions.
2. Configuring storage and file systems such as NTFS and Linux partitions. NTFS permissions control file access on Windows servers.
3. Sharing files and printers using protocols like SMB and setting share permissions in Windows. Tools for sharing resources in Windows and Linux are described.
4. Monitoring system performance and reliability using tools in Windows Server like Event Viewer, Performance Monitor, and Windows System Resource Manager.
Judicial review allows courts to examine agency decisions and provide remedies if a person believes they have been injured by an agency. Before seeking judicial review, one must complete all agency appeal processes. Judicial review is not automatic and standards govern access to it. Courts can review agencies by statutes that create the agency or establish judicial review. Several barriers like no provision for review or preclusion of review exist. Procedures like standing, ripeness, exhaustion of remedies, and primary jurisdiction must also be followed to seek judicial review. The scope of review is limited but exceptions exist like reviewing issues de novo rather than just the agency record.
An administrative agency hearing is a proceeding where the agency investigates facts and enforces liabilities under existing laws. It is similar to a civil or criminal trial, with procedures set by agency statutes and administrative procedure acts. Hearings are typically held after other dispute resolution processes are exhausted or a claimant alleges a rights violation. While agencies have discretion over hearing procedures, courts require notice, a hearing, and findings to support decisions. Key hearing stages include pre-hearing procedures, presentation of evidence, findings, and a written decision stating the legal or factual basis.
Majority of agency decisions are informal and made through discretion. Claims for governmental benefits or services are initiated by clients through applications for licenses, claims, or employer arbitrations. Licenses are permissions granted by agencies and have standards in rules for issuance. Claims seek to restore rights or supply relief. Arbitration involves a third party decision while mediation aims to help disputing parties voluntarily agree. Settlements during hearings can resolve disputes without appeals. Advisory opinions clarify rules for the public or specific businesses. Courts give deference to agency procedures but ensure fair hearings without bias.
Chapter 6.investigations and information planningAPSU
Investigations are processes agencies use to gather information to assist with decision making. Agencies must collect information reasonably and in the public interest, and individuals have some protections for privileged information. While agencies have powers to demand records and conduct inspections, the 4th and 5th Amendments provide some protections for private information. Agencies can use procedures like search warrants, subpoenas, and grants of immunity to compel information gathering within legal limits.
The document discusses agency rules and regulations. It explains that rules are established by agencies to implement enabling statutes and solve problems of public concern. There are different types of rulemaking procedures, including informal which allows public comments, and formal which involves evidentiary hearings. Rules implement legislative goals and are directed towards the future, while decisions resolve specific disputes. The requirements for federal and state rulemaking are outlined.
The chapter discusses client rights when dealing with government agencies. It explains that clients have due process protections under the 5th and 14th Amendments in agency actions. Specifically, agencies must provide notice of hearings to clients, including details of charges and time and place of hearings, and clients have the right to be heard and receive a fair decision. The chapter also discusses how sovereign immunity protects some agency actions and personnel from legal claims.
Agency discretion refers to the power of administrative agencies to make choices among different policy options when applying laws to individual cases. Some level of discretion is necessary because laws may not address every situation. Safeguards against abuse of discretion include constitutional protections, statutes that define an agency's mission, and political and judicial oversight. Courts generally uphold an agency's discretion but will intervene if the agency's actions are deemed arbitrary, capricious or an abuse of power based on the circumstances of the case.
The document summarizes the development of administrative law in the United States from 1776 to present. It discusses key milestones like the creation of agencies like the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887 and expansion of agency power during the New Deal. It also covers the delegation doctrine, which allows Congress to delegate legislative powers to agencies, and important court cases like Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan and A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States that struck down unlimited delegations that lacked standards. The principles of separation of powers and federalism are also discussed in relation to administrative agencies.
Administrative law governs administrative agencies and defines their powers and legal limits. Agencies are created by legislatures to administer laws in areas requiring expertise like environmental protection. Administrative authority comes from enabling acts that define an agency's role and delegate powers from legislatures. There are different types of administrative laws including substantive laws protecting rights and procedural laws defining legal processes. Agencies have powers granted by their enabling statutes like setting standards, making rules and regulations, and deciding cases. Agencies can be regulatory, social welfare, independent, or executive depending on their functions and organization.
This document discusses the role of transportation in supply chain management. It makes three key points:
1. Transportation is a critical link in the supply chain that helps integrate supply chain activities and allows organizations to be more efficient. Effective transportation fosters improved supply chain integration.
2. Transportation bridges the gap between where goods are produced and where they are demanded, fulfilling a fundamental economic role. It also influences the location of economic activity and production facilities.
3. The concept of supply chain management has evolved over time from physical distribution to integrated logistics to the current focus on managing the entire extended enterprise and integrating transportation with product and information flows.
The document discusses key concepts in supply chain management. It outlines five major external forces driving change, including globalization and technology. It traces the evolution of supply chain management from physical distribution to integrated logistics management. Major issues facing supply chains are identified as networks and complexity, inventory deployment, technology challenges, transportation management, and security concerns. Efficient supply chains impact key financial metrics like cash flow, working capital, and return on investment.
The document provides an overview of the horticulture field, including its major divisions and specialized areas. It discusses pomology, olericulture, floriculture, and the landscape and nursery industry. Additional topics covered include how to select a suitable job, creating an effective resume, interview preparation, the importance of research, and future trends in the industry such as concerns over the environment.
The document discusses strategies for effective time management. It recommends making schedules and to-do lists, prioritizing tasks, scheduling downtime, and being flexible. It notes reasons for procrastination like perfectionism and provides strategies to overcome it like breaking large tasks into smaller parts. Other time traps to avoid are taking on too much and letting social time interfere. Scheduling allows planning to make the best use of time and avoid overcommitting. Suggestions include reviewing goals, eliminating unnecessary tasks, taking advantage of natural cycles, learning to say no, and rewarding effective time management.
This document summarizes findings from multiple studies that compared online, blended, and face-to-face learning environments. Some key findings include:
- Students in online conditions performed modestly better than those learning the same material through face-to-face instruction. Blended and purely online environments had similar learning outcomes.
- Asynchronous online instruction was found to be superior to synchronous instruction. Advantages were also found for online assessments and writing assignments.
- Instructor involvement was found to be a strong mediating factor for blended learning. Self-assessment questions also improved student learning.
The document discusses differences between digital natives and digital immigrants. Digital natives, who have grown up with technology their whole lives, process information differently than previous generations. They prefer graphics over text, multitasking, social networking and frequent rewards. This creates challenges for digital immigrant instructors whose teaching style does not align with how digital natives learn best.
The document discusses differences between digital natives and digital immigrants. Digital natives, who have grown up with technology their whole lives, process information differently than previous generations. They prefer graphics over text, multitasking, social networking and frequent rewards. This creates challenges for digital immigrant instructors whose teaching style does not align with how digital natives learn best.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.