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Insect orders
This document provides an overview of the key insect orders, describing their distinguishing physical characteristics and the taxonomic classifications. It outlines the main features used to identify each order, such as mouthpart type, wing structure, body shape, and leg or antennae structure. The orders covered include Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Dermaptera, Odonata, Isoptera, Blattodea, Neuroptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea, Thysanura, Ephemerida, Plecoptera, Mecoptera, Trichoptera, Siphonaptera
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Insect orders
- 1. Common Insect OrdersAdapted fromBerkeley Natural History Museums lesson “A Quick Way to Identify Common Insect Orders” with edits by Ertell
- 2. Insects are the mostspecies- rich group of organisms on earth as indicated in this species-scape. The size of the organism reflects the number of described species.
- 3. Parts of aninsect
- 4. Parts of aninsect Head Thorax Abdomen Spiracles
- 5. Parts of aninsect Head Thorax Abdomen 3 pairs of legs Spiracles
- 6. Parts of aninsect Head Thorax Abdomen 3 pairs of legs Wings and legs on thorax Spiracles
- 7. Important areas tostudy to identify common insect orders Head Thorax Abdomen 3 pairs of legs Spiracles
- 8.
- 9.
- 10. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets,katydids) Greek "ortho" = straight, "ptera" = wing Spot ID • Jumping legs • parallel-sided structure of front wings
- 11. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets,katydids) Greek “orthos” = straight, “pteros” = wing
- 12. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets,katydids)
- 13. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets,katydids) Spot ID • Jumping hind legs
- 14. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets,katydids) Spot ID • Jumping hind legs • Some with ovipositor at hind end
- 15. Coleoptera (beetles) Greek “koleos”=sheath, “ptero”= wing
- 16.
- 17. Coleoptera (beetles) Spot ID •Chewing mouthparts
- 18. Coleoptera (beetles) Spot ID •Chewing mouthparts • Forewings (elytra) form hard shell covering hindwings
- 19. Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) Greek“lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing
- 20. Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) Greek“lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing • Coiling-sucking mouthparts
- 21. Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) Greek“lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing • Coiling-sucking mouthparts • Four wings covered with scales
- 22. Diptera (flies) Latin “di”=two, “ptero”= wing
- 23. Diptera (flies) Latin “di”=two, “ptero”= wing Spot ID • Two wings
- 24. Diptera (flies) Latin “di”=two, “ptero”= wing Spot ID • Two wings – Hind wings reduced to halteres
- 25. Diptera (flies) Latin “di”=two, “ptero”= wing Spot ID • Two wings – Hind wings reduced to halteres • Sponging-sucking mouthparts – Except mosquitoes and some others that pierce skin
- 26. Diptera (flies) Latin “di”=two, “ptero”= wing
- 27. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps,ants) Greek “hymen”=membrane, “ptero”=wing or Hymen, the Greek god of marriage because the forewing & hindwings are joined together with small hooks Hooks not shown
- 28.
- 29. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps,ants) Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts
- 30. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps,ants) Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts • Four membranous wings
- 31. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps,ants) Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts • Four membranous wings • Waist often constricted
- 32. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps,ants) Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts • Four membranous wings • Waist often constricted • Females with ovipositor or stinger at end of abdomen
- 33. Hemiptera (true bugs, alsosometimes called Heteroptera) Greek “hemisys” = half, “ptero” = wing
- 34. Hemiptera (true bugs) Greek “hemisys”= half, “ptero” = wing Spot ID • A beak: piercing-sucking mouthparts
- 35. Hemiptera (true bugs) Greek “hemisys”= half, “ptero” = wing Spot ID • A beak: piercing-sucking mouthparts • Forewings covering hindwings – Wing half membrane, half thickened
- 36. Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, scales,cicadas) Greek “homo” = uniform, “ptero” = wing Spot ID • A beak: piercing-sucking mouthparts • Forewings covering hindwings – Wings all membranous
- 37. Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, scales,cicadas) Greek “homo” = uniform, “ptero” = wing Some entomologists now combine Order Homoptera with Order Hemiptera because the DNA has been found to be similar. In this case, Homoptera would be considered a suborder.
- 38. Dermaptera (earwigs) Greek “derma”= skin, “ptero” = wing
- 39. Dermaptera (earwigs) Greek “derma”= skin, “ptero” = wing Spot ID • Long skin-like hindwings folded under very short forewings
- 40. Dermaptera (earwigs) Greek “derma”= skin, “ptero” = wing Spot ID • Long skin-like hindwings folded under very short forewings • Pinchers off end of abdomen
- 41. Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies) Greek“odon” = tooth (referring to teeth on their mandibles)
- 42.
- 43. Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies) SpotID • Long slender wings
- 44. Odonata (dragonflies, damselflies) SpotID • Long slender wings • Long thin body
- 45. Isoptera (termites) Greek "iso"= equal, "ptera" = wings Spot ID • Pale, elongate body • 2 pairs of membranous wings of equal length only present in reproductives and shed after mating • Mandibulate (chewing) mouthparts • Antennae about the same length as the head • Sometimes now classified with Blattodea because their DNA suggests that they are specialized roaches
- 46. Blattodea (roaches) Latin “blatta”= cockroach
- 47.
- 48.
- 49. Blattodea (roaches) Spot ID •Flat • Spiny legs
- 50. Blattodea (roaches) Also calledBlattaria, Greek “Blatta” = cockroach Spot ID • Flat • Spiny legs • Long antennae
- 51. Neuroptera (ant lions,lacewings, mantidflies) Greek "neuron" = nerve and "ptera" = wings Spot ID • four membranous net- veined wings • forewings and hindwings about the same size
- 52. Neuroptera (ant lions,lacewings, mantidflies) Greek "neuron" = nerve and "ptera" = wings Spot ID • Larvae have elongated mandibles adapted for piercing and sucking • Oliver the Owlfly larva is an example • Antlion larvae (doodlebugs)
- 53. Mantodea (praying mantises) Greek“mantis” = prophet Spot ID • two grasping, spiked forelegs often held in “praying” position • Triangular, swiveling head with large compound eyes
- 54. Phasmatodea (walking stickinsects) Also Phasmida, Greek “phasm” = phantom Spot ID • cylindrical stick-like body or flattened, leaflike shape • long, slender antennae • sometimes have wings
- 55. Thysanura (silverfish, bristletails) Greek"thysano-" = fringed, "ura" = tail Spot ID • three long caudal (tail) filaments • Silverfish are so called due to the silvery glitter of the scales covering their bodies • flattened bodies, may be elongated or oval in shape
- 56. Ephemerida (mayflies) Also Ephemeroptera,Greek "ephemera" =short-lived Spot ID • delicate bodies and gauzy, fragile wings • two or three long threads (caudal filaments) at end of abdomen • Adults have no functional mouthparts
- 57. Plecoptera (stoneflies) Greek "pleco"= braided, "ptera" = wing Spot ID • complex venation of two pairs of wings, which are membranous and fold flat over the back • legs each end in two claws • long, multi-segmented antennae
- 58. Mecoptera (scorpionflies) Greek “meco-”= long, “ptera” = wings Spot ID • abdomen is cylindrical, and typically curves upwards in the male, superficially resembling the tail of a scorpion • wings are narrow in shape, with numerous cross-veins
- 59. Trichoptera (caddisflies) Greek “trich”= hair, ptera = wing Spot ID • small moth-like with two pairs of hairy membranous wings • Aquatic larvae, adults usually found near aquatic habitats
- 60. Siphonaptera (fleas) Greek "siphon“= tube or pipe, "aptera" = wingless Spot ID • Wingless (adaptation to ectoparasitism) • 1-10mm long • Mouthparts are sucking and piercing • Hind legs are enlarged for jumping • Laterally flattened
- 61. Thysanoptera (thrips) Greek "thysano-"= fringed, “ptera" = wing • Very small insects with a range of 1/32 to 1/8 inch in length • Feed on plants, considered crop pest
- 62.
Editor's Notes
- #5 The Head The main visible parts on the head are the large compound eyes, the antenna (feelers), and the mouthparts. The Thorax The thorax is the middle region of the body, and it bears the legs and wings--if wings are present. Almost all insects have a pronotum covering the top of the first segment of the thorax. Insects breathe through spiracles and not through their mouths. The legs of different insects are adapted to do different things. The legs of some insects are adapted for swimming, burrowing, jumping, or grasping. The Abdomen The abdomen does not have many outstanding features on most insects. It just looks like a series of similar-looking segments.
- #9 Just a quick overview of what we mean by mouthparts
- #10 Just a quick overview of what we mean by mouthparts
- #12 Orthodontist – person who straightens teeth.
- #13 Orthodontist – person who straightens teeth.
- #14 Orthodontist – person who straightens teeth.
- #15 Orthodontist – person who straightens teeth.
- #29 Because they are joined together and the hindwings are often small, it can be difficult to tell whether there are four wings.
- #30 Because they are joined together and the hindwings are often small, it can be difficult to tell whether there are four wings.
- #31 Because they are joined together and the hindwings are often small, it can be difficult to tell whether there are four wings.
- #32 Because they are joined together and the hindwings are often small, it can be difficult to tell whether there are four wings.
- #33 Because they are joined together and the hindwings are often small, it can be difficult to tell whether there are four wings.
- #42 Orthodontist – person who straightens teeth.
- #43 Orthodontist – person who straightens teeth.
- #44 Orthodontist – person who straightens teeth.
- #45 Orthodontist – person who straightens teeth.