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Insect orders by uzma nihar
- 1. ENTOMOLOGY – STUDY OF INSECTS By Uzma Nihar Taxonomy Kingdom – Animals Phylum – Arthropoda Class – Insecta
- 3. Study of insects is termed as “Entomology” Father of Entomology “William Kirby”. Most diverse of all organisms Every year 10,000 species are discovered About 1.5 million species are discovered About 2/3 are insects species in all population on land Largest group of arthropods is Class Insecta
- 4. Body is divisible into head, thorax and abdomen Six legs
- 5. Two pairs of wings Compound eyes Two antennae
- 6. Sensory Organs ◦ Touch ◦ Taste ◦ Smell ◦ Hearing
- 8. Membranous Clear with veins showing Hard shell like outer wings Powdery Scales
- 9. •Chewing •Rasping-sucking: Thrips •Piercing-sucking: cicadas and mosquitoes •Sponging: houseflies (lap up liquids) •Siphoning: butterflies & moths •Chewing-lapping: bees (have both mandibles and a proboscis) •Vestigial: mayflies
- 11. Piercing/Sucking Ex. Wheel bug and Mosquito Chewing Ex. caterpillars None Ex. mayfly
- 12. Prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax •Each segment bears a pair of legs • Wings are attached to the mesothorax and metathorax, but never the prothorax • Legs of insects vary greatly in size and form and are often used for classification purposes •Walking, jumping, diggings, grasping, feeling, swimming, •carrying loads, building nests, and cleaning •Leg adaptations • Grasshoppers: enlarged femur for jumping • Beetle: enlongated tarsi for running
- 13. LEGS
- 14. •May have 11 or 12 segments, but often hard to distinguish from one another • Some may have cerci at the tip of the abdomen (earwigs) •Length can vary greatly from different insect Species •It consists reproductive and digestive system
- 16. Sub Class – Apterygota (Wingless Insects)
- 17. Called Silverfish Found around houses or outside under stones or wood Fast runners Secretive and active at night. Flat, long bodies Long antennae Three, long, tail like appendages
- 18. Compound eyes usually present 2-3 ocelli Abdomen small Abdomen consists of 10 or 11 segments Bristletails and silverfish Chewing mouthparts; no wings Example: Silver fish
- 19. Minute, somewhat tubular or globose forms. Eye patches consist of one to several ocelli Antennae are short usually 4 - segmented Abdomen consists of 6 segments, 4th segment bears furcula which it uses for jumping Called springtails Small & soft bodied
- 20. Furcula (jumping mechanism) on abdomen Furcula folds under the body at rest Found in decaying plant material Mouth parts, chewing type Example: Podura
- 21. Antennae multijointed; compound eyes and ocelli absent; abdomen of 11 segments, telson included or absent; paired ventral styli; paired cerci of variable form; setae, rarely scales Campodea staphylinus
- 22. The name Protura, derived from the Greek words “proto-” meaning first and “ura” meaning tail. Minute, elongated whitish insects Antennae, eyes and ocelli are lacking. Wings are absent Abdomen short consists of 12 segments Trachea lacking Malphighian Tubules are lacking Example: Acerentulus
- 23. Sub Class – Pterygota (Winged Insects) Group I - Endopterygota
- 24. Medium to large sized insects 120,000 species Body and wings are completely covered by flat over-lapping scales and hairs Mouthparts usually long, sucking proboscis Antennae always prominent Wings two pairs, fore wings often largest Example: Butterflies ( Dnaus)
- 25. Minute to large size insects 350,000 species Antennae variable in shape and size usually 1 segmented Compound eyes Fore wings such that it protects the hind wings Legs typically cursorial, some adapted for swimming, jumping or digging Abdomen usually 10 segmented Mouthparts usually biting and chewing type Example: Lady Bird Beetle Ladybird beetle
- 26. Medium to large sized, social or parasitic insects 125,000 species Antennae 12 segmented in male and 13 segmented in females Mouthparts variable, chewing to lapping or sucking Compound eyes usually well developed Two pairs of wings, hind wings smaller than fore wings Example : Honey bees (Apis), Wasp (Vespa), Ants etc.
- 27. • 85,000- 125,000 species • Most important vectors human disease • Minute to medium sized • Flies & mosquitoes • Transparent front wings used for flight, hind wings reduced and help with balance • Compound eyes present • Heavy armored exoskeleton
- 28. • Metamorphosis complete • Sucking, piercing, and lapping mouth parts • Example: Housefly (Musca),Fruitfly (Drosophila), Mosquitoes (Aedes, Anopheles)
- 29. Minute, hard bodied Vary from 2-4mm Mouth parts piercing and sucking type Siphoning mouth part Compound eyes lacking Antennae short contained within antennal grooves Wings absent Enlarged hind leg used for jumping Example: Fleas
- 30. Greek word “neuron”= nerve and “ptera”= wings Small to very large sized Soft bodied insect 2 pair wings of similar size and elonagated in oval shape, when at rest the wings are held ‘roof like’ over the body Venation in wings Mouthparts chewing type
- 31. Antennae may be thread like or toothed(comb like) Most species large compound eyes Metamorphosis complete Example: Green lacewing (Chrysopa) , Snake fly (Agulla) Green lacewing Snake fly
- 32. Small to medium sized, slender, predaceous insects Head usually elongated Mouth parts chewing type Compound eyes are present Antennae long and filiform Wings two pairs, commonly with dark spots Example: Scorpion fly (Panorpa)
- 33. • Metamorphosis complete • Sucking, piercing, and lapping mouth parts • Example: Housefly (Musca),Fruitfly (Drosophila), Mosquitoes (Aedes, Anopheles)
- 34. Small to medium sized insects Compound eyes present Antennae range from setaceous to filiform Wings two pairs, hind wings broader than fore wings, covered with modified hair like setae Example: Caddis fly ( Philopotamus)
- 35. Strepsiptera, derived from the Greek “Strepsi” meaning turned or twisted and “ptera” meaning wings. Minute sized mostly endoprasitic Large fan-shaped hind wings, small club like front wings Antennae 4-7 segment Flabellate type antennae
- 36. Protruded eyes Chewing mouthparts Example: Stylops melittae
- 37. Sub Class – Pterygota (Winged Insects) Group II - Exopterygota
- 38. Minute to very large sized insects 10 – 100 mm Mouth parts chewing type A pair on antennae Compound eyes Two pairs of wings are present. Fore-wings are hard, narrow Abdomen 11 segmented Example: Grasshoppers (Poecilocerus), Locust (Schistocerca)
- 39. Reddish brown, 4-5 mm Medium to very large size insects Mouthparts piercing and sucking type, proboscis Antennae 2-10 or rarely 25 segmented Eyes large Wings when present, two pairs, fore-wings, usually thickened, but can’t fly Example: Bedbug( Cimex Lectularius) ,Giant water bug(Belostoma)
- 40. Giant Water Bug Leaf Hopper Assassin Bug Water Boatman Bed Bug
- 41. Medium to very large sized insects Size varies 15 to 100 mm Head large, short antennae Two pairs of wings, net like Abdomen elongate Example : Dragon Flies ( Lestes)
- 42. Social and polymorphic insects living in colonies under caste system Soft bodies & short antenna Castes – workers, soldiers, kings, and queen Mouthparts chewing type Live for 15 years. Lay 1 egg every 15 seconds Eat wood. Can destroy a house in 2-3 years Example: Termites( Zotermopsis nasutitermes)
- 43. About 4500 species defined Minute to small sized insects 0.5-5mm Body slender Feeds on plant juice Mouthparts rasping and sucking type Small compound eyes Antennae short 6-10 segments Wings two pairs, narrow fringed Abdomen 10-11 segments Example: Thrips ( Heliothrips)
- 45. Minute, ectoparasitic 2-4mm in size Head narrower than thorax Mouthparts piercing and sucking retracted into head when not feeding Compound eyes weekly developed Wings absent Antennae short 3-5 segments Legs adapted for clinging to the hairs of the host and each terminationg in curved claw Example : Human Body Louse (Pediculus humanus)
- 46. Small to medium size Soft bodied Elongated Antennae long tapering Well developed compound eyes Two pairs of wings Example : Stoneflies (Isoplera)
- 47. Medium to large, somewhat elongated and slender Size 5-25mm Mouthparts chewing type Antennae long slender 2 pair of wings, fore wing short, leathery and veinless, hindwings, broad, fan-like Abdomen 11 segments Pincers present at the end of abdomen Example: Earwigs ( Fortficula)
- 48. Large sized insects Body elongate, cylindrical with short prothorax, large meso and mata thorax Head broad and bears a pair of long filiorm antennae Mouthparts are biting type Wings absent or present Abdomen 11 segments Example : Carausius (stick insect)
- 49. Small to quite long (5-35 mm) Soft bodies, fragile Mouthparts chewing type Antennae are short Compound eyes Two pairs of wings. Fore Wings larger than hindwings Example : Mayflies ( Ephemera)
- 50. Small, apterous, ectoparasitic insects Body is long or broad Head generally large Mouthparts biting type Antennae short Clinging legs Example: Biting Lice (Menacanthus)
- 51. Minute size insects Head capsule large as compared to rest of body Mouthparts chewing type Labial Silk Gland are present Two pairs of wings Example : Book-lice (Liposcellis)