1. GENERAL ACCOUNT ON CLASSIFICATION, INSECT CLASSIFICATION 2. The branch of zoology that is concerned with the study of insects is called entomology. What is Applied Entomology? The branch of entomology which deals with the study of ways to control insects (Pests) in terrestrial ecosystem. Entomologist: An entomologist is a scientist who studies insects. Entomologists have many important jobs, such as the study of the classification, life cycle, distribution, physiology, behavior, ecology and population dynamics of insects. What is Entomology? 3. Body divided into 3 parts (head, thorax, and abdomen) Head with 1 pair of antennae and compound eye Mouthparts consisting of a pair of mandibles and 2 pairs of maxillae Thorax with 3 pairs of legs and usually 1 or 2 pairs of wings Abdomen is segmented Genital opening is present near anus Metamorphosis usually occurs About 1,000,000 species occur in worldwide distribution. Class Insecta 4. Class Insecta 5. The class Insecta is divided into orders on the basis of the structure of the head, including eyes, mouthparts, and antennae; the thorax, including legs and wings; and the abdomen, including segmentation. The genitalia and their accessory structures, which are usually located in the ninth abdominal segment, are also important in classification. Other taxonomic criteria include sensory receptors, pattern of wing venation, and position of mouthparts. In addition, type of metamorphosis and form of larva and pupa are also used to distinguish insects. How Insects are Classified? 6. Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Diptera Family: Culicidae Subfamily: Anophelinae Genus: Anopheles Species: stephensi Anopheles stephensi (Mosquito) 7. Insects are classified into 29 orders. These insect orders are the key in identifying and understanding insects. The insect orders are arranged from the most primitive wingless insects to the insect groups that have undergone the greatest evolutionary change. Most insect order names end in ptera, which comes from the Greek word pteron, meaning wing. Insects Classification 8. Insects Orders  1. Thysanura  8. Grylloblatodea  15. Zoraptera  22. Mecoptera  2. Diplura  9. Orthoptera  16. Psocoptera  23. Siphonaptera  3. Protura  10. Phasmida  17. Mallophaga  24. Coleoptera  4. Collembola  11. Dermaptera  18. Siphunculata  25. Strepsiptera  5. Ephemeroptera  12. Embiidina  19. Hemiptera  26. Diptera  6. Odonata  13. Dictyoptera  20. Thysanoptera  27. Lepidoptera  7. Plecoptera  14. Isoptera  21. Neuroptera  28. Trichoptera  29. Hymenoptera

1. GENERAL ACCOUNT ON CLASSIFICATION,
INSECT CLASSIFICATION
Applied Entomology
By: Shozab Seemab Khan (PhD Scholar)

2. The branch of zoology that is concerned with the study of
insects is called entomology.
What is Applied Entomology?
The branch of entomology which deals with the study of ways
to control insects (Pests) in terrestrial ecosystem.
Entomologist:
An entomologist is a scientist who studies insects.
Entomologists have many important jobs, such as the study of
the classification, life cycle, distribution, physiology, behavior,
ecology and population dynamics of insects.
What is Entomology?

3. Body divided into 3 parts (head, thorax, and abdomen)
Head with 1 pair of antennae and compound eye
Mouthparts consisting of a pair of mandibles and 2 pairs of
maxillae
Thorax with 3 pairs of legs and usually 1 or 2 pairs of wings
Abdomen is segmented
Genital opening is present near anus
Metamorphosis usually occurs
About 1,000,000 species occur in worldwide distribution.
Class Insecta

4. Class Insecta

5. The class Insecta is divided into orders on the basis of the
structure of the head, including eyes, mouthparts, and
antennae; the thorax, including legs and wings; and the
abdomen, including segmentation. The genitalia and their
accessory structures, which are usually located in the
ninth abdominal segment, are also important in
classification.
Other taxonomic criteria include sensory receptors,
pattern of wing venation, and position of mouthparts. In
addition, type of metamorphosis and form of larva and
pupa are also used to distinguish insects.
How Insects are Classified?

6. Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Culicidae
Subfamily: Anophelinae
Genus: Anopheles
Species: stephensi
Anopheles stephensi (Mosquito)

7. Insects are classified into 29 orders.
These insect orders are the key in identifying and
understanding insects.
The insect orders are arranged from the most primitive
wingless insects to the insect groups that have undergone
the greatest evolutionary change.
Most insect order names end in ptera, which comes from
the Greek word pteron, meaning wing.
Insects Classification

8. Insects Orders
 1. Thysanura  8. Grylloblatodea  15. Zoraptera  22. Mecoptera
 2. Diplura  9. Orthoptera  16. Psocoptera  23. Siphonaptera
 3. Protura  10. Phasmida  17. Mallophaga  24. Coleoptera
 4. Collembola  11. Dermaptera  18. Siphunculata  25. Strepsiptera
 5. Ephemeroptera  12. Embiidina  19. Hemiptera  26. Diptera
 6. Odonata  13. Dictyoptera  20. Thysanoptera  27. Lepidoptera
 7. Plecoptera  14. Isoptera  21. Neuroptera  28. Trichoptera
 29. Hymenoptera

9. The silverfish and firebrats are found in the order
Thysanura.
They are wingless insects and have a lifespan of several
years.
There are about 600 species worldwide.
1. Order Thysanura

10. Diplurans are the most primitive insect species, with no
eyes or wings.
They have the unusual ability among insects to regenerate
body parts.
There are over 400 members of the order Diplura in the
world.
2. Order Diplura

11. Another very primitive group, the proturans have no eyes,
no antennae, and no wings.
They are uncommon, with perhaps less than 100 species
known.
3. Order Protura

12. The order Collembola includes the springtails, primitive
insects without wings.
There are approximately 2,000 species of Collembola
worldwide.
4. Order Collembola

13. The mayflies of order Ephemeroptera are short-lived, and
undergo incomplete metamorphosis. The larvae are
aquatic, feeding on algae and other plant life.
Entomologists have described about 2,100 species
worldwide.
5. Order Ephemeroptera

14. The order Odonata includes dragonflies, which undergo
incomplete metamorphosis.
They are predators of other insects, even in their
immature stage.
There are about 5,000 species in the order Odonata.
6. Order Odonata

15. The stoneflies of order Plecoptera are aquatic and
undergo incomplete metamorphosis.
The nymphs live under rocks in well flowing streams
Adults are usually seen on the ground along stream and
river banks.
There are roughly 3,000 species in this group.
7. Order Plecoptera

16. Sometimes referred to as "living fossils," the insects of the
order Grylloblatodea have changed little from their
ancient ancestors.
This order is the smallest of all the insect orders, with
perhaps only 25 known species living today.
Grylloblatodea live at elevations above 1500 ft., and are
commonly named ice bugs or rock crawlers.
8. Order Grylloblatodea

17. These are familiar insects (grasshoppers, locusts and
crickets) and one of the largest orders of herbivorous
insects.
Many species in the order Orthoptera can produce and
detect sounds.
Approximately 20,000 species exist in this group.
9. Order Orthoptera

18. The order Phasmida are masters of camouflage, the stick
and leaf insects.
They undergo incomplete metamorphosis and feed on
leaves.
There are some 3,000 insects in this group, but only a
small fraction of this number is leaf insects. Stick insects
are the longest insects in the world.
10. Order Phasmida

19. This order contains the earwigs, an easily recognized
insect that often has pincers at the end of the abdomen.
 Many earwigs are scavengers, eating both plant and
animal matter.
The order Dermaptera includes less than 2,000 species.
11. Order Dermaptera

20. The order Embioptera is another ancient order with few
species, perhaps only 200 worldwide.
The web spinners have silk glands in their front legs and
weave nests under leaf litter and in tunnels where they
live.
Webspinners live in tropical or subtropical climates.
12. Order Embiidina

21. The order Dictyoptera includes roaches and mantids. Both
groups have long, segmented antennae and leathery
forewings held tightly against their backs.
They undergo incomplete metamorphosis. Worldwide,
there approximately 6,000 species in this order, most
living in tropical regions.
13. Order Dictyoptera

22. Termites feed on wood and are important decomposers in
forest ecosystems. They also feed on wood products and
are thought of as pests for the destruction they cause to
man-made structures.
There are between 2,000 and 3,000 species in this order.
14. Order Isoptera

23. Little is know about the angel insects, which belong to the
order Zoraptera.
Though they are grouped with winged insects, many are
actually wingless. Members of this group are blind, small,
and often found in decaying wood.
There are only about 30 described species worldwide.
15. Order Zoraptera

24. Bark lice forage on algae, lichen, and fungus in moist, dark
places. Booklice frequent human dwellings, where they
feed on book paste and grains. They undergo incomplete
metamorphosis.
Entomologists have named about 3,200 species in the
order Psocoptera.
16. Order Psocoptera

25. Biting lice are ectoparasites that feed on birds and some
mammals.
There are an estimated 3,000 species in the order
Mallophaga, all of which undergo incomplete
metamorphosis.
17. Order Mallophaga

26. The order Siphunculata are the sucking lice, which feed on
the fresh blood of mammals. Their mouthparts are
adapted for sucking or siphoning blood.
There are only about 500 species of sucking lice.
18. Order Siphunculata

27. Most people use the term "bugs" to mean insects; an
entomologist uses the term to refer to the order
Hemiptera. The Hemiptera are the true bugs, and include
cicadas, aphids, and spittlebugs, and others.
This is a large group of over 70,000 species worldwide.
19. Order Hemiptera

28. The thrips of order Thysanoptera are small insects that
feed on plant tissue. Many are considered agricultural
pests for this reason. Some thrips prey on other small
insects as well.
This order contains about 5,000 species.
20. Order Thysanoptera

29. Commonly called the order of lacewings, this group
actually includes a variety of other insects, too:
dobsonflies, owlflies, mantidflies, antlions, snakeflies, and
alderflies. Insects in the order Neuroptera undergo
complete metamorphosis.
Worldwide, there are over 5,500 species in this group.
21. Order Neuroptera

30. This order includes the scorpionflies, which live in moist,
wooded habitats. Scorpionflies are omnivorous in both
their larval and adult forms. The larva are caterpillar-like.
There are less than 500 described species in the order
Mecoptera.
22. Order Mecoptera

31. Pet lovers fear insects in the order Siphonaptera - the
fleas. Fleas are blood-sucking ectoparasites that feed on
mammals, and rarely, birds.
There are well over 2,000 species of fleas in the world.
23. Order Siphonaptera

32. This group, the beetles and weevils, is the largest order in
the insect world, with over 300,000 distinct species
known.
The order Coleoptera includes well-known families: june
beetles, lady beetles, click beetles, and fireflies. All have
hardened forewings that fold over the abdomen to protect
the delicate hindwings used for flight.
24. Order Coleoptera

33. Insects in this group are parasites of other insects,
particularly bees, grasshoppers, and the true bugs. The
immature Strepsiptera lies in wait on a flower and quickly
burrows into any host insect that comes along.
Strepsiptera undergo complete metamorphosis and
pupate within the host insect's body.
25. Order Strepsiptera

34. Diptera is one of the largest orders, with nearly 100,000
insects named to the order.
These are the true flies, mosquitoes, and gnats. Insects in
this group have modified hindwings which are used for
balance during flight. The forewings function as the
propellers for flying.
26. Order Diptera

35. The butterflies and moths of the order Lepidoptera
comprise the second largest group in the class Insecta.
These well-known insects have scaly wings with
interesting colors and patterns. You can often identify an
insect in this order just by the wing shape and color.
27. Order Lepidoptera

36. Caddisflies are nocturnal as adults and aquatic when
immature. The caddisfly adults have silky hairs on their
wings and body, which is key to identifying a Trichoptera
member. The larvae spin traps for prey with silk. They
also make cases from the silk and other materials that
they carry and use for protection.
28. Order Trichoptera

37. The order Hymenoptera includes many of the most
common insects - ants, bees, and wasps. The larvae of
some wasps cause trees to form galls, which then provides
food for the immature wasps. Other wasps are parasitic,
living in caterpillars, beetles, or even aphids.
This is the third-largest insect order with just over
100,000 species.
29. Order Hymenoptera

38. THANKS
Shozab Seemab Khan