4. Insects Are ArthropodsInsects Are Arthropods
• Insects are the largest group of
Arthropods
• Jointed appendages (bendable)
• Segmented bodies
• Exoskeleton of Chitin that must
be molted to grow
• Related to spiders, ticks,
scorpions, millipedes, crustaceans
5. MAIN CHARACTERISTICSMAIN CHARACTERISTICS
• Three body regions
– head, thorax, and abdomen
• One pair antenna (head)
• Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax)
• One-two pairs of wings (thorax)
6.
7. Count the Legs!Count the Legs!
There are ALWAYS SIXSIX legs, and they are
attached to the THORAXTHORAX
8. AntennaAntenna
• One Pair on head
• Jointed
• Sensory (smell)
• Called “feelers”
• Filiform most
common shape
(segments = size)
• May be modified
FILIFORM
10. Wings or No WingsWings or No Wings
• Most adults have 2
pairs
• Called forewings and
hindwings
• Some insects are
wingless (silverfish,
fleas, some termites
and ants)
11. More on WingsMore on Wings
A network of Veins strengthens wings
MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGSMEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS
12. Some Wings Are Covered
With Powdery Scales
BUTTERFLIES & MOTHSBUTTERFLIES & MOTHS
13. Wings May Be ModifiedWings May Be Modified
• Order Diptera
(flies)
• 2nd
pair of wings
modified into
HALTERES
• Used for
balance
• Makes flies
hard to catch!
14. Beetle WingsBeetle Wings
• Hard Forewing called
Elytra
• Meet in straight line
down the abdomen
• Membranous
hindwings folded
underneath (flight)
ELYTRA
17. Why Can’t I Call All of ThemWhy Can’t I Call All of Them
Bugs?Bugs?
• EVERY BUGEVERY BUG is an
insect, but NOT ALLNOT ALL
INSECTSINSECTS are bugs!
• True BUGS are in the
Order HEMIPTERAHEMIPTERA
• Posterior thorax isPosterior thorax is
triangulartriangular; called; called
SCUTELLUMSCUTELLUM
• Last 3Last 3rdrd
of wing CLEARof wing CLEAR
20. ColeopteraColeoptera
• Called beetlesbeetles
• Tough
exoskeletonexoskeleton
• Forewings
called ElytraElytra
•Fly with
membranous
hindwings
•Larva called
grubs
Rhinoceros beetleRhinoceros beetle
Cucumber beetleCucumber beetle
Ladybird beetleLadybird beetle
21. Ephemeroptera
• Called MayfliesMayflies
• Juveniles are
aquaticaquatic; called naiadsnaiads
• Adults found nearAdults found near
water &water & don’t feeddon’t feed
• Adults reproduce &Adults reproduce &
die in 24 hoursdie in 24 hours
• SoftSoft bodies with 2bodies with 2
longlong CeriCeri (tail fibers)(tail fibers)
ADULT
NAIAD
22. Diptera
• Contains
mosquitoesmosquitoes &
fliesflies
• One pairOne pair
functional wings
• Club-shaped
haltereshalteres for
balance
• Bodies often
hairyhairy
Green Bottle flyGreen Bottle fly Hover FlyHover Fly
Fruit Fly Aedes MosquitoAedes Mosquito
23. Dermaptera
• Called earwigsearwigs
• Long, flatflat bodies
• ForcepsForceps (pincers)
on end of abdomen
• Short, hardShort, hard
forewingsforewings
(membranous wings
folded underneath
• Large jaws
(mandiblesmandibles) on head
EARWIG EATINGEARWIG EATING
CATERPILLARCATERPILLAR
PINCERS
24. Orthoptera
• Grasshoppers, locusts,Grasshoppers, locusts,
crickets, katydidscrickets, katydids
• Very longlong bodies
• Rear legs modified for
jumpingjumping
• Females with egg
laying tube (ovipositor
on end of abdomen)
• Often communicate
with chirping sounds
25. Lepidoptera
• Moths, butterflies, &Moths, butterflies, &
skippersskippers
• SiphoningSiphoning mouthparts
coiled under head
• Powdery scalesPowdery scales on wings
• Butterflies fold wings
flatflat above body at rest
• MothsMoths are night activenight active
• Important plant
pollinators
26. Neuroptera
• LacewingsLacewings
• Net veinedNet veined wings
• Small, delicate
insects
• Long antennaLong antenna
• Predators on
other insects
• May feed on
nectar
28. Isoptera
• TermitesTermites
• Live in coloniescolonies
• Feed on woodwood
• Soft bodiesSoft bodies &
short antenna
• CastesCastes –
workers,
soldiers, kings,
and queen
29. Mecoptera
• Scorpion fliesScorpion flies
• Last abdominalabdominal
segments curvedsegments curved like
scorpion
• Two pairs of narrownarrow
wingswings
• Head elongated into
a beak (rostrum)beak (rostrum)
• LongLong antenna
30. Homoptera
• Cicadas, leafCicadas, leaf
hoppers, winglesshoppers, wingless
aphidsaphids
• If wings present,
held roof likeroof like
over body &
membranousmembranous
• Piercing-suckingPiercing-sucking
mouthparts
Aphids
Cicada
Leafhopper
31. Odonata
• Dragonflies &Dragonflies &
damselfliesdamselflies
• DragonfliesDragonflies hold
clear wings spread
perpendicularperpendicular to
body at rest
• DamselfliesDamselflies hold
clear wings togethertogether
over abdomenover abdomen
33. Hymenoptera
• Bees, ants,Bees, ants,
waspswasps
• Narrow waiNarrow waist
connects thorax
& abdomen
• Abdomen curvedAbdomen curved
downward
• May have stingerstinger
on end of
abdomen
Carpenter bee
Red
ant
Yellow jacket
35. ThysanuraThysanura
• Called Silverfish
• Found around houses or
outside under stones
or wood
• Fast runners
• Damage books
• Secretive and active
at night.
• Flat, long bodies
• Long antennae
• Three, long, tail like
appendages
38. Collembola
• Called springtailsspringtails
• Small & soft
bodied
• FurculaFurcula (jumping
mechanism) on
abdomen
• Furcula folds underfolds under
the bodythe body at rest
• Found in decayingdecaying
plant materialplant material
39. Anoplura
• Sucking liceSucking lice
• ParasitesParasites of
mammals
• Very smallsmall
• HeadHead and bodybody
licelice are
examples
• Attracted to
children’s fine
hair
• Carry disease
40. Mallophaga
• Biting liceBiting lice
• External
parasites on birdsbirds
& mammals& mammals
• Broad headBroad head &
flattened body
• Feed on dead
skin, feathers,
and fur
