Claudia Casapulla.
The infrared thermography is a type of non-destructive investigation which can find interesting application in acquiring information about the structural features of ancient masonry buildings. In this case, in fact, the needs of preservation of the historical values have to be compound with the needs of achieving a proper level of knowledge of the parameters influencing the structural behaviour in order to perform a reliable evaluation of their seismic safety. A recent application of the infrared thermography was proposed in the framework of the Project on the seismic evaluation of the Museum of Capodimonte in Naples (Italy). The objective was to clarify if the painted vaults covering some rooms could have structural function and to identify their constructive typology. In this circumstance, an interesting methodological approach, with more general validity, has been developed by integrating the instrumental investigations with different sources of information, such as historical documents and hypotheses of critical interpretation.
Infrared thermography in civil engianeeringakashpadole
Infrared thermography is a modern non-destructive measuring method for the
examination of redeveloped and non-renovated buildings. Infrared cameras provide a means for
temperature measurement in building constructions from the inside as well as from the outside.
It has been shown that infrared thermography is applicable for insulation inspection, identifying
air leakage and heat losses sources, finding the exact position of heating tubes or for discovering
the reasons why mold, moisture is growing in a particular area, and it is also used in conservation
field to detect hidden characteristics, degradations of building structures. The paper titled
“INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS FOR BUILDING INVESTIGATION”
gives a brief description of the theoretical background of infrared thermography.
Infrared thermography and its applications in civil engineering was presented. Infrared thermography uses infrared cameras to capture thermal radiation and convert it into thermal images. These thermal images can detect moisture penetration, assess plumbing systems, and determine the state of concrete structures. Infrared thermography also helps visualize deformation in reinforcement bars during tensile tests. In summary, infrared thermography is a non-destructive testing method that uses thermal imaging to investigate structural conditions and analyze data without contact.
Condition Assessment of Concrete Bridge Elements using Active IR ThermographyJason Cattelino
Active infrared thermography can effectively detect concrete deterioration like delamination. Laboratory testing validated its use and identified factors like defect depth and heat time. A field test on a bridge found it suitable for underside deck scanning and detecting areas needing repair. Implementation could involve lower-cost cameras, automated analysis, and a pilot bridge inspection program to further evaluate the technique.
VB Engineering is pioneer in providing infrared thermography services to its clients. The infrared thermal imaging services provided by us are compliant with international standards and of world class quality. our infrared thermography analysis concentrates in the areas like predictive maintenance, safety of the equipment and people working around, improvement in the production and efficiency of the equipment. Visit the following link for more details.
http://www.vbengg.com/infrared-thermography-services-india.html
Infrared thermography detects infrared energy from objects, converts it to temperature measurements, and creates images showing temperature distribution. Thermographic cameras contain sensors that detect infrared radiation and assign colors to temperature levels, allowing surfaces to be scanned non-contactly. Thermography has applications in electronics troubleshooting, medical diagnostics, industrial inspections, and more. It provides a visual representation of thermal patterns that can reveal issues invisible to the naked eye.
Infrared thermography for damage detection in structural concreteNmt321
This document discusses using infrared thermography (IRT) to detect damage in structural concrete. IRT detects infrared radiation emitted from objects and converts it to a thermal image using an IR camera. The document describes active IRT, which uses an external heat source, and passive IRT, which relies on ambient heat. An experiment is presented using active IRT to detect defects in a concrete specimen by monitoring temperature distribution during heating. IRT has many applications in construction, security, navigation, law enforcement and more due to its non-contact inspection ability and potential to detect subsurface issues.
A systematic procedure for the use of state feedback and output feedback to control
Induction motor is studied. The impact of which is to explore the advantages of feedback control
assuming that all the state variables are measurable. Feedback control is capable of being used for
asymptotic stability of the desired operating condition, for any load torque and for any initial
condition. A suitable model enables motor faults to be simulated and the change in corresponding
parameters to be predicted without physical experimentation. This project presents a
mathematical foundation and theoretical analysis of modeling and applications of induction
machines. A three-phase induction motor is simulated with fundamental equations. The
simulations results are presented for understanding purpose.
This document discusses active thermography for nondestructive testing using infrared cameras. It describes how thermography works by applying a heat stimulus and observing the thermal response via an IR camera. Flaws obstruct heat flow and appear as temperature variations. The document outlines different excitation methods and provides examples of thermography applications like detecting delamination, water inclusions, and impact damage. It also explains how thermography data is analyzed using temperature over time logs and profiles.
Infrared thermography in civil engianeeringakashpadole
Infrared thermography is a modern non-destructive measuring method for the
examination of redeveloped and non-renovated buildings. Infrared cameras provide a means for
temperature measurement in building constructions from the inside as well as from the outside.
It has been shown that infrared thermography is applicable for insulation inspection, identifying
air leakage and heat losses sources, finding the exact position of heating tubes or for discovering
the reasons why mold, moisture is growing in a particular area, and it is also used in conservation
field to detect hidden characteristics, degradations of building structures. The paper titled
“INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS FOR BUILDING INVESTIGATION”
gives a brief description of the theoretical background of infrared thermography.
Infrared thermography and its applications in civil engineering was presented. Infrared thermography uses infrared cameras to capture thermal radiation and convert it into thermal images. These thermal images can detect moisture penetration, assess plumbing systems, and determine the state of concrete structures. Infrared thermography also helps visualize deformation in reinforcement bars during tensile tests. In summary, infrared thermography is a non-destructive testing method that uses thermal imaging to investigate structural conditions and analyze data without contact.
Condition Assessment of Concrete Bridge Elements using Active IR ThermographyJason Cattelino
Active infrared thermography can effectively detect concrete deterioration like delamination. Laboratory testing validated its use and identified factors like defect depth and heat time. A field test on a bridge found it suitable for underside deck scanning and detecting areas needing repair. Implementation could involve lower-cost cameras, automated analysis, and a pilot bridge inspection program to further evaluate the technique.
VB Engineering is pioneer in providing infrared thermography services to its clients. The infrared thermal imaging services provided by us are compliant with international standards and of world class quality. our infrared thermography analysis concentrates in the areas like predictive maintenance, safety of the equipment and people working around, improvement in the production and efficiency of the equipment. Visit the following link for more details.
http://www.vbengg.com/infrared-thermography-services-india.html
Infrared thermography detects infrared energy from objects, converts it to temperature measurements, and creates images showing temperature distribution. Thermographic cameras contain sensors that detect infrared radiation and assign colors to temperature levels, allowing surfaces to be scanned non-contactly. Thermography has applications in electronics troubleshooting, medical diagnostics, industrial inspections, and more. It provides a visual representation of thermal patterns that can reveal issues invisible to the naked eye.
Infrared thermography for damage detection in structural concreteNmt321
This document discusses using infrared thermography (IRT) to detect damage in structural concrete. IRT detects infrared radiation emitted from objects and converts it to a thermal image using an IR camera. The document describes active IRT, which uses an external heat source, and passive IRT, which relies on ambient heat. An experiment is presented using active IRT to detect defects in a concrete specimen by monitoring temperature distribution during heating. IRT has many applications in construction, security, navigation, law enforcement and more due to its non-contact inspection ability and potential to detect subsurface issues.
A systematic procedure for the use of state feedback and output feedback to control
Induction motor is studied. The impact of which is to explore the advantages of feedback control
assuming that all the state variables are measurable. Feedback control is capable of being used for
asymptotic stability of the desired operating condition, for any load torque and for any initial
condition. A suitable model enables motor faults to be simulated and the change in corresponding
parameters to be predicted without physical experimentation. This project presents a
mathematical foundation and theoretical analysis of modeling and applications of induction
machines. A three-phase induction motor is simulated with fundamental equations. The
simulations results are presented for understanding purpose.
This document discusses active thermography for nondestructive testing using infrared cameras. It describes how thermography works by applying a heat stimulus and observing the thermal response via an IR camera. Flaws obstruct heat flow and appear as temperature variations. The document outlines different excitation methods and provides examples of thermography applications like detecting delamination, water inclusions, and impact damage. It also explains how thermography data is analyzed using temperature over time logs and profiles.
Thermography is a non-contact technique that detects infrared radiation emitted from objects to produce images of their surface temperature distribution. An infrared camera consists of an optic system, detector, amplifier, signal processor and display. It converts infrared radiation into an electrical signal displayed as a heat image. Thermography can be active, using an energy source, or passive, detecting natural temperature differences. It has applications in condition monitoring, medical imaging, and non-destructive testing.
Infrared thermography uses infrared cameras to detect differences in surface temperatures that are invisible to the human eye. The camera detects infrared radiation emitted from objects and converts it to a thermal image displayed on a monitor. Warmer objects appear brighter in the image than cooler objects. Infrared thermography has applications in predictive maintenance, firefighting, medical diagnosis, and building inspections by identifying flaws or deteriorating components before failures occur.
Understanding the Role of Thermography in Energy Auditing: Current Practices...Matthew Louis Mauriello
This document describes a study conducted to understand how thermography is currently used by energy auditors and their perspectives on automating thermographic assessments. The researchers interviewed 10 energy auditors about their practices, challenges, and views on the future of thermography. They were also presented with design probes depicting scenarios of automated data collection using drones and robots. The auditors saw benefits like assessing hard to reach areas and scaling up data collection but also had concerns about data quality and managing large datasets. The study provides insights that can inform the design of automated thermography tools.
Thermal imaging technology uses infrared radiation emitted from objects to generate images of them. A thermal imaging camera consists of an optic system, detector, amplifier, and display. There are cooled and uncooled cameras, with cooled providing better image quality but being bulkier and more expensive. Thermal imaging has applications in industry, medicine, security, and building diagnostics by allowing users to detect problems unseen to the naked eye. It provides advantages of being non-invasive and able to see in total darkness.
This presentation provides an overview of infrared thermography (IRT). It discusses how IRT uses infrared cameras to detect differences in temperature across surfaces and produces thermal images. IRT is a non-contact method that allows real-time scanning and has various applications, including predictive maintenance to detect electrical issues and leaks. The presentation reviews the history, basic principles, components of IRT cameras, and limitations. Examples are given of IRT's use in industries like power plants and buildings to identify hotspots and moisture issues. In conclusion, IRT's non-intrusive and fast scanning abilities make it a valuable tool for condition monitoring and energy efficiency.
What is MEMS?
Micro electro mechanical system is a technique of combining electrical and mechanical combinations together on a chip, to produce a system of miniature dimensions.
MEMS is a integration of a number micro components on a single chip which allow the microsystem to both sense and control the environment.
The components are integrated on a single chip using micro fabrication technologies.
This document discusses using an infrared camera to detect voids in adhesive joints known as Scotch-welds. Two aluminum plates were bonded with epoxy, but a square area was left unbonded to create a known defect. An infrared camera detected a temperature difference of 5 degrees Celsius over the defect area when the plates were heated, accurately finding the void in the adhesive joint. Infrared thermography proved effective for non-destructively detecting defects in adhesive bonds.
Thermal imaging cameras detect infrared radiation emitted by objects and produce images based on that radiation. They allow users to visualize differences in temperature that are invisible to the naked eye. The document discusses the principles and applications of thermography, including using it for electrical inspections to detect potential problems like loose connections. It provides examples of exceptions found during inspections and a priority scale for when repairs are needed. Thermal imaging has various uses in fields like firefighting, building inspections, manufacturing, and medical and military applications. It is a non-contact, rapid way to scan objects and infrastructure.
The thermal imaging camera is a type of thermographic camera that helps in measuring the temperature differences of a surface. This helps in identifying any potential fire hazards. The areas with different temperatures are pictorially represented.
Infrared thermography uses infrared sensors to detect abnormal temperatures that can indicate developing equipment problems. It allows for non-contact temperature measurement of moving, electrically hot, fragile, small, or remote targets. Infrared thermography creates images from the infrared light emitted by objects and converts it to a surface temperature map. It is useful for predictive maintenance across various applications including electrical equipment, mechanical systems, commercial buildings, and more.
This document provides an overview of thermography and infrared temperature measurement. It discusses the basics of near, mid, and thermal infrared wavelengths and how atoms emit infrared energy as photons when electrons move between energy orbitals. Thermal images show the infrared energy emitted, transmitted, and reflected by an object. Emissivity describes a material's ability to emit thermal radiation. Thermal imaging systems use uncooled or cooled infrared detectors to capture infrared wavelengths and convert them into temperature measurements using techniques like two color thermometry. Thermography has applications in areas like condition monitoring, healthcare, security, and manufacturing.
This document discusses thermal imaging and its various applications. It begins by explaining that thermal imaging produces images based on the heat detected from objects and was originally developed for military purposes. It then provides details on:
- How thermal imaging cameras work to detect differences in temperature and produce images.
- Common applications of thermal imaging in fields like firefighting, law enforcement, medical, agriculture, and more.
- The advantages of thermal imaging like its ability to see in total darkness and penetrate obscurants like smoke.
- Specific uses of thermal imaging in border security, condition monitoring, night vision, medical screening, and evaluating solar panels.
This document provides an overview of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS). It describes MEMS as systems that combine electrical and mechanical components on a chip to produce miniature devices that can sense, control and actuate on a micro scale. The key components of MEMS are microelectronics, microsensors, microstructures and microactuators. Common fabrication processes for MEMS include deposition, patterning, etching, and lithography. MEMS have a wide range of applications in areas like automotive, medical, and defense.
This document discusses thermography testing, which is a non-contact, non-destructive testing method that uses infrared cameras to detect flaws in structures. It can detect a range of defects and be used over large areas. There are different types of thermography including pulsed, lock-in, burst vibro, and lock-in vibro thermography. Thermography has advantages like fast scanning of large areas but limitations in penetration depth. It has applications in aerospace, defense, and other industries to detect issues like voids, delamination, and cracks.
Electrical thermography uses infrared cameras to detect thermal irregularities in electrical systems. It can locate faulty connections and overloads in equipment like switchgear, transformers, motors, and control cabinets. Proper maintenance strategies using thermography help prevent damage, outages, and costs from repairs. Standards and regulations govern how thermography inspections are performed to ensure safety. Factors like surface properties, reflections, and limit temperatures must be considered to obtain accurate temperature readings and properly evaluate electrical equipment conditions.
This document provides an introduction to infrared thermography, describing the basic concepts and terminology, how to operate an infrared camera, and how to generate reports from captured images. It explains infrared thermography concepts such as heat transfer, emissivity, and temperature, defines camera components and functions, and reviews the process for creating reports using ThermaCAM Reporter 2000 software. The goal is for readers to understand infrared thermography fundamentals and be able to use an FLIR ThermaCAM E45 camera to capture and report on infrared images.
Thermography is a medical imaging technique that uses infrared cameras to visualize the temperature patterns on the skin surface. It allows for early detection of abnormalities by monitoring subtle changes in skin temperature. The presentation provides an overview of thermography, including how it works, the equipment used like infrared cameras, and its applications in areas like breast cancer screening and musculoskeletal issues. It is a non-invasive imaging method with advantages like the ability to monitor large areas in real-time, but there are also limitations like camera cost and accuracy.
Thermographic testing uses infrared cameras to detect differences in surface temperatures that may indicate issues. It allows non-contact inspection of electrical equipment, buildings, industrial processes, and more. Key advantages are that it is non-destructive, fast, and can detect problems like loose connections, moisture ingress, insulation issues, and more from a distance. Operator experience is important to properly set up the infrared camera and interpret thermal images.
Thermography is a non-destructive testing method that uses infrared cameras to detect flaws in materials and structures. It can detect a range of defects by observing differences in surface temperatures caused by internal flaws. There are several types of thermography testing, including pulsed thermography, which quickly heats a material's surface and detects defects by observing temperature changes over time using an infrared camera. Thermography has advantages like being able to scan large areas quickly in a non-contact manner, but is limited in penetration depth to only a few millimeters beneath surfaces. It has applications in industries like aerospace, defense, and maintenance to identify issues in components.
Non-destructive tests were conducted on the Temple of Minerva Medica in Rome to study its structural behavior. Laser scanning, photogrammetry, thermal imaging, and vibration monitoring were performed from 2016-2017. Laser scans in summer and winter 2016 assessed seasonal thermal expansion effects. Thermography identified temperature variations in walls. Vibration tests characterized the structure's dynamic response and dependence on microclimate conditions. The data was stored in a repository for future structural analysis and conservation of the monument.
This document summarizes a doctoral thesis on seismic isolation and energy dissipation. It discusses the theoretical basis for seismic isolation and describes different types of seismic isolation hardware and analysis procedures. It also examines energy dissipation devices and new configurations. The document presents a case study on seismic isolation of a worship structure in Sicily. It describes testing on a mock-up structure to study energy dissipation and analyzes buckling and rollout in seismic isolation systems.
Thermography is a non-contact technique that detects infrared radiation emitted from objects to produce images of their surface temperature distribution. An infrared camera consists of an optic system, detector, amplifier, signal processor and display. It converts infrared radiation into an electrical signal displayed as a heat image. Thermography can be active, using an energy source, or passive, detecting natural temperature differences. It has applications in condition monitoring, medical imaging, and non-destructive testing.
Infrared thermography uses infrared cameras to detect differences in surface temperatures that are invisible to the human eye. The camera detects infrared radiation emitted from objects and converts it to a thermal image displayed on a monitor. Warmer objects appear brighter in the image than cooler objects. Infrared thermography has applications in predictive maintenance, firefighting, medical diagnosis, and building inspections by identifying flaws or deteriorating components before failures occur.
Understanding the Role of Thermography in Energy Auditing: Current Practices...Matthew Louis Mauriello
This document describes a study conducted to understand how thermography is currently used by energy auditors and their perspectives on automating thermographic assessments. The researchers interviewed 10 energy auditors about their practices, challenges, and views on the future of thermography. They were also presented with design probes depicting scenarios of automated data collection using drones and robots. The auditors saw benefits like assessing hard to reach areas and scaling up data collection but also had concerns about data quality and managing large datasets. The study provides insights that can inform the design of automated thermography tools.
Thermal imaging technology uses infrared radiation emitted from objects to generate images of them. A thermal imaging camera consists of an optic system, detector, amplifier, and display. There are cooled and uncooled cameras, with cooled providing better image quality but being bulkier and more expensive. Thermal imaging has applications in industry, medicine, security, and building diagnostics by allowing users to detect problems unseen to the naked eye. It provides advantages of being non-invasive and able to see in total darkness.
This presentation provides an overview of infrared thermography (IRT). It discusses how IRT uses infrared cameras to detect differences in temperature across surfaces and produces thermal images. IRT is a non-contact method that allows real-time scanning and has various applications, including predictive maintenance to detect electrical issues and leaks. The presentation reviews the history, basic principles, components of IRT cameras, and limitations. Examples are given of IRT's use in industries like power plants and buildings to identify hotspots and moisture issues. In conclusion, IRT's non-intrusive and fast scanning abilities make it a valuable tool for condition monitoring and energy efficiency.
What is MEMS?
Micro electro mechanical system is a technique of combining electrical and mechanical combinations together on a chip, to produce a system of miniature dimensions.
MEMS is a integration of a number micro components on a single chip which allow the microsystem to both sense and control the environment.
The components are integrated on a single chip using micro fabrication technologies.
This document discusses using an infrared camera to detect voids in adhesive joints known as Scotch-welds. Two aluminum plates were bonded with epoxy, but a square area was left unbonded to create a known defect. An infrared camera detected a temperature difference of 5 degrees Celsius over the defect area when the plates were heated, accurately finding the void in the adhesive joint. Infrared thermography proved effective for non-destructively detecting defects in adhesive bonds.
Thermal imaging cameras detect infrared radiation emitted by objects and produce images based on that radiation. They allow users to visualize differences in temperature that are invisible to the naked eye. The document discusses the principles and applications of thermography, including using it for electrical inspections to detect potential problems like loose connections. It provides examples of exceptions found during inspections and a priority scale for when repairs are needed. Thermal imaging has various uses in fields like firefighting, building inspections, manufacturing, and medical and military applications. It is a non-contact, rapid way to scan objects and infrastructure.
The thermal imaging camera is a type of thermographic camera that helps in measuring the temperature differences of a surface. This helps in identifying any potential fire hazards. The areas with different temperatures are pictorially represented.
Infrared thermography uses infrared sensors to detect abnormal temperatures that can indicate developing equipment problems. It allows for non-contact temperature measurement of moving, electrically hot, fragile, small, or remote targets. Infrared thermography creates images from the infrared light emitted by objects and converts it to a surface temperature map. It is useful for predictive maintenance across various applications including electrical equipment, mechanical systems, commercial buildings, and more.
This document provides an overview of thermography and infrared temperature measurement. It discusses the basics of near, mid, and thermal infrared wavelengths and how atoms emit infrared energy as photons when electrons move between energy orbitals. Thermal images show the infrared energy emitted, transmitted, and reflected by an object. Emissivity describes a material's ability to emit thermal radiation. Thermal imaging systems use uncooled or cooled infrared detectors to capture infrared wavelengths and convert them into temperature measurements using techniques like two color thermometry. Thermography has applications in areas like condition monitoring, healthcare, security, and manufacturing.
This document discusses thermal imaging and its various applications. It begins by explaining that thermal imaging produces images based on the heat detected from objects and was originally developed for military purposes. It then provides details on:
- How thermal imaging cameras work to detect differences in temperature and produce images.
- Common applications of thermal imaging in fields like firefighting, law enforcement, medical, agriculture, and more.
- The advantages of thermal imaging like its ability to see in total darkness and penetrate obscurants like smoke.
- Specific uses of thermal imaging in border security, condition monitoring, night vision, medical screening, and evaluating solar panels.
This document provides an overview of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS). It describes MEMS as systems that combine electrical and mechanical components on a chip to produce miniature devices that can sense, control and actuate on a micro scale. The key components of MEMS are microelectronics, microsensors, microstructures and microactuators. Common fabrication processes for MEMS include deposition, patterning, etching, and lithography. MEMS have a wide range of applications in areas like automotive, medical, and defense.
This document discusses thermography testing, which is a non-contact, non-destructive testing method that uses infrared cameras to detect flaws in structures. It can detect a range of defects and be used over large areas. There are different types of thermography including pulsed, lock-in, burst vibro, and lock-in vibro thermography. Thermography has advantages like fast scanning of large areas but limitations in penetration depth. It has applications in aerospace, defense, and other industries to detect issues like voids, delamination, and cracks.
Electrical thermography uses infrared cameras to detect thermal irregularities in electrical systems. It can locate faulty connections and overloads in equipment like switchgear, transformers, motors, and control cabinets. Proper maintenance strategies using thermography help prevent damage, outages, and costs from repairs. Standards and regulations govern how thermography inspections are performed to ensure safety. Factors like surface properties, reflections, and limit temperatures must be considered to obtain accurate temperature readings and properly evaluate electrical equipment conditions.
This document provides an introduction to infrared thermography, describing the basic concepts and terminology, how to operate an infrared camera, and how to generate reports from captured images. It explains infrared thermography concepts such as heat transfer, emissivity, and temperature, defines camera components and functions, and reviews the process for creating reports using ThermaCAM Reporter 2000 software. The goal is for readers to understand infrared thermography fundamentals and be able to use an FLIR ThermaCAM E45 camera to capture and report on infrared images.
Thermography is a medical imaging technique that uses infrared cameras to visualize the temperature patterns on the skin surface. It allows for early detection of abnormalities by monitoring subtle changes in skin temperature. The presentation provides an overview of thermography, including how it works, the equipment used like infrared cameras, and its applications in areas like breast cancer screening and musculoskeletal issues. It is a non-invasive imaging method with advantages like the ability to monitor large areas in real-time, but there are also limitations like camera cost and accuracy.
Thermographic testing uses infrared cameras to detect differences in surface temperatures that may indicate issues. It allows non-contact inspection of electrical equipment, buildings, industrial processes, and more. Key advantages are that it is non-destructive, fast, and can detect problems like loose connections, moisture ingress, insulation issues, and more from a distance. Operator experience is important to properly set up the infrared camera and interpret thermal images.
Thermography is a non-destructive testing method that uses infrared cameras to detect flaws in materials and structures. It can detect a range of defects by observing differences in surface temperatures caused by internal flaws. There are several types of thermography testing, including pulsed thermography, which quickly heats a material's surface and detects defects by observing temperature changes over time using an infrared camera. Thermography has advantages like being able to scan large areas quickly in a non-contact manner, but is limited in penetration depth to only a few millimeters beneath surfaces. It has applications in industries like aerospace, defense, and maintenance to identify issues in components.
Non-destructive tests were conducted on the Temple of Minerva Medica in Rome to study its structural behavior. Laser scanning, photogrammetry, thermal imaging, and vibration monitoring were performed from 2016-2017. Laser scans in summer and winter 2016 assessed seasonal thermal expansion effects. Thermography identified temperature variations in walls. Vibration tests characterized the structure's dynamic response and dependence on microclimate conditions. The data was stored in a repository for future structural analysis and conservation of the monument.
This document summarizes a doctoral thesis on seismic isolation and energy dissipation. It discusses the theoretical basis for seismic isolation and describes different types of seismic isolation hardware and analysis procedures. It also examines energy dissipation devices and new configurations. The document presents a case study on seismic isolation of a worship structure in Sicily. It describes testing on a mock-up structure to study energy dissipation and analyzes buckling and rollout in seismic isolation systems.
This document discusses the history and development of nanotechnology. It begins with definitions of nanotechnology and sizes at the nanoscale. It then discusses early examples of nanomaterials in ancient artifacts like the Lycurgus Cup from the 4th century AD. The document outlines key developments like Richard Feynman's 1959 hypothesis about building at the molecular level and inventions like the scanning tunneling microscope in the 1980s that advanced the field of nanotechnology. It concludes with examples of progress in the field from the 1980s onward including imaging and manipulating individual atoms.
This study divided animal bones into segments that were cut using different saws and then burned. Microscopy methods including light stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze patterns in the cut marks (kerf patterning) on the burned bone segments. SEM provided higher resolution images than light microscopy and allowed observation of striations and fractures not otherwise visible. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis also found differences between the elemental composition of kerf flooring and bone surface, demonstrating the potential of SEM and EDS to study cut marks and help with reconstruction efforts using cremated remains.
G. Cadelano - Conservation of historical frescoes by timed infrared imaging a...AITAworkshop
Modified after the talk presented at AITA2013 - http://ronchi.isti.cnr.it/AITA2013
The talk was mentioned for the "Ermanno Grinzato" Under 35 Best Paper Award (http://ronchi.isti.cnr.it/AITA2013/award.html)
The talk was based on the paper Conservation of historical frescoes by timed infrared imaging analysis by G. Cadelano, P. Bison, A. Bortolin, G. Ferrarini, , M.Girotto, F. Peron, M. Volinia, AITA2013 Abstract Book, p 61-64, 2013
This study divided animal bones into segments, cut them with different saws, and burned them to analyze saw kerf patterns under microscopy. Bones from a cow, horse, and elk were each cut once with a circular, reciprocating, or hand saw, creating 16 samples total. The samples were burned at an average temperature of 476.2°C for 5 minutes then analyzed under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Microscopy revealed clearer saw kerf patterns and fractures under the SEM compared to the stereomicroscope. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis also showed differences in elemental composition between kerf flooring and bone surface.
This document provides an overview and introduction to a book on seismic design, assessment, and retrofitting of concrete buildings based on Eurocode 8. It discusses the importance of conceptual design in achieving an economical and seismically safe structure that can be easily constructed. The document outlines the four phases of seismic design for new buildings: conceptual design, analysis, detailed design, and preparation of construction documents. It also discusses the additional preliminary phases of collecting existing information and analyzing the existing structure that are involved in seismic retrofitting of existing buildings. The document emphasizes that a structure's actual performance depends on how well the design is implemented during construction. It provides context on the evolution of seismic design codes and technologies. The book aims to present the state
This presentation provides an overview of nanotechnology. It begins by defining nanotechnology as the study and manipulation of matter at the atomic scale, around 1 to 100 nanometers. The history of nanotechnology is then summarized, noting Richard Feynman's 1959 concept and key developments like the scanning tunneling microscope. Tools for nanotechnology like atomic force microscopes and lithography techniques are outlined. Specific nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, nanorods, and potential nanobots are then described briefly, noting their properties and applications in areas such as electronics, medicine, and materials science.
Investigating material decay of historical buildings using visual analytics w...Beniamino Murgante
Investigating material decay of historical buildings using visual analytics with multi-temporal infrared thermographic data
Urska Demsar, Martin Charlton – National Centre for Geocomputation, National University of Ireland , Maynooth ( Ireland )
Nicola Masini, Maria Danese – Archaeological and monumental heritage institute, National Research Council, Potenza ( Italy )
Intelligent Analysis of Environmental Data (S4 ENVISA Workshop 2009)
The document summarizes an experimental test campaign that assessed the in-plane behavior of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry walls. Four unreinforced AAC masonry walls of varying lengths and heights were subjected to cyclic lateral loading. The tests characterized the failure modes, strength, and displacement capacity of the walls. Results showed that shorter walls failed in a rocking mode while longer walls failed in shear. Ultimate drift ratios were estimated between 0.3-0.7% depending on wall length and failure mode. The results provide preliminary data on the seismic performance of AAC masonry buildings.
This document describes a doctoral program in physics focused on titanium dioxide hierarchical nanostructures for photonic applications. The candidate is Luca Passoni, supervised by Dr. Fabio Di Fonzo. The program covers nanostructured materials fabricated by pulsed laser deposition, their applications in dye sensitized solar cells and photonic crystals, and characterization methods. The goal is to study how the morphology of titanium dioxide nanostructures can be engineered using pulsed laser deposition to control light-material interactions and enhance photovoltaic performance.
This document is a seminar report on using carbon nanotubes in solar panel technology. It was written by Mr. Saurabh Muniraj Bansod for his Bachelor of Technology degree. The report provides an introduction to carbon nanotubes, including their classification into single-walled and multi-walled nanotubes. It describes the functional and technical details of different carbon nanotube structures and the primary methods for producing carbon nanotubes, including arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition. The report aims to explain how carbon nanotubes can be utilized in solar panel technology to increase efficiency.
This document provides the front matter for a book on selected topics in photonic crystals and metamaterials. It includes a foreword by Thomas Krauss praising the book for comprehensively covering this field from first principles to state-of-the-art applications. The preface written by the editors notes that advances in materials science have enabled novel artificial materials with anomalous electromagnetic properties not found in nature. The book aims to summarize both basic and advanced aspects of this rapidly developing interdisciplinary field.
The Mechanics of Materials and Structures Laboratory at ISTI-CNR carries out research in continuum mechanics and structural engineering using numerical methods. The laboratory develops the finite element code NOSA to model materials like masonry and solve mechanics problems. It applies NOSA to analyze historical masonry structures and evaluate strengthening techniques. The laboratory also collaborates on projects to develop tools for analyzing and preserving cultural heritage buildings.
This lab report summarizes experiments conducted on pristine CuO nanoparticles and Na-doped CuO nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the pristine CuO nanoparticles had a leaf-like flake morphology with sizes between 500-600nm thick. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of CuO and Na2O peaks and showed red and blue shifts with Na doping. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the band gap decreased from 1.49eV to 1.46eV with low Na doping but increased above 1.5eV with higher doping levels due to secondary phase formation. Photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed defect energy levels within the band gap.
HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY AND IMPORTANT SCIENTISTS ANFAS KT
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Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
1. Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of
Historic Masonry Buildings
Claudia Casapulla, Alessandra Maione, Luca Umberto Argiento and Andrea Prota
Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
2. Author surname – Title of the presentation 2
Outline
Motivation of the study
Methodology
Results
Conclusions
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
3. Author surname – Title of the presentation 3
Motivation of the study
The typological identification of the horizontal structures is a crucial aspect in defining proper models
of the seismic behavior of masonry buildings. In fact, these structures influence the entity and the
repartition of the seismic forces among the vertical walls by virtue of their property of mass and
stiffness, while the effectiveness of their connection with the vertical structures ensures the
occurrence of a global behavior preventing the out-of-plane mechanisms of the walls.
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
a) without bond-beam and
with flexible diaphragm
b) with bond-beam and with
flexible diaphragm
c) with bond-beam and with
stiff diaphragm
4. Author surname – Title of the presentation 4
Motivation of the study
However, when cultural heritage buildings are considered, the acquisition of the data required by a
proper characterization of these structures has to be compounded with the needs of preserving the
historical and artistic values inherent to painted ceilings and vaults or remarkable floors.
To this aim, non-destructive testing (NDT) methodologies have lately gained increasing interest, also
thanks to the continuous improvement of technologies characterized by a low impact on the
structures.
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
5. Author surname – Title of the presentation 5
Motivation of the study
The attention of this paper is focused in particular on the infrared thermography, a NDT method
which has been revealed effective for several kinds of investigations on historical buildings,
because it does not require contact with the tested object and allows preserving its integrity
(Avdelidis and Moropoulou 2004; Meola 2007; Spodek and Rosina 2009).
An interesting application of the infrared thermography
was recently carried out by the authors in the
framework of the ARCUS-MiBACT Project on the
“Assessment of the seismic safety of National
Museums of Italy” (Prota et al. 2015) supported by the
Ministry of the Cultural Heritage (MiBACT).
The case study is related to the painted vaults at the first floor. The findings of the thermographic
survey were critically interpreted and integrated by other sources of information to achieve a
proper characterization of the constructive features of these structures.
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
6. Author surname – Title of the presentation 6
The acquisition of the knowledge data about the structural configuration
The first phase
The visual inspections and the architectural survey together with the verification of the data derived from the
documentary and bibliographic sources allowed identifying the essential geometrical and constructive
features of the building.
The critical issues
the identification of the typologies of masonry walls and the attribution of these ones to the distinct
phases of the construction history of the building.
the characterization of the constructive typology of some vaults at the first level.
The diagnostic strategy
It was inspired by the objective of finding a compromise between the needs of preserving the historical values
and the public function of the building on one side, and the needs of modeling the structural behavior on the
basis of a satisfactory knowledge of the constructive details, on the other side.
To this aim, non-destructive techniques were chosen such as sonic tests for the vertical structures and
infrared thermography for the analysis of the horizontal structures.
The diagnostic campaign was performed by Stress-scarl district, Consorzio Tre and the Testing Laboratory at
the Dist Department of the University of Naples.
Methodology
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
7. 7
The case study
The infrared thermography was used to characterize the constructive typology
of the vaults related to the rooms at the first level of the Capodimonte
Museum.
The case study is referred in particular to the three couples of adjacent rooms
which are characterized by similar configurations; these are indicated with the
numbers 9 and 49, 10 and 48, 11 and 47.
The vaults of these rooms are a type rather
common in Italy known as a schifo or mirror
vault, and two of them (n. 9 and 10) are
painted vaults.
CRITICAL ISSUE
All of them are supported by structural
masonry walls on three sides, while on the
fourth side there is only a thin wall of about
20 cm which separates the adjacent rooms.
Methodology
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
8. Author surname – Title of the presentation
8
The interpretative hypotheses
The following hypotheses were formulated in order to understand whether these vaults
have decorative or structural function:
I. The two adjacent rooms derive from the partition of a unique space covered by a structural masonry vault,
maybe required by the exhibition needs of the Museum. With this transformation, three sides of the original
vault were preserved, while a timber structure was built on the fourth one, resembling the profile of the
vault. This hypothesis was supported by the inclination of the fourth side of the vault that appears
considerably more pronounced.
II. The visible vaults are not load-bearing, but they
have a timber structure that repeats the shape of
the original masonry vault. This kind of solution
was found out in the rooms 51 and 52 which also
result from the division of a unique space. Hence
it was supposed that a similar solution had been
adopted for the rooms under study.
III. The visible vaults are structural masonry vaults
but their fourth side, corresponding to the thin
wall, is placed on a concrete curb.
Methodology
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
9. 9
Basic theoretical principles of the infrared thermography
The thermographic surveys were carried out using an infrared camera (thermal camera) that allows
detecting infrared energy emitted from an object, converting it into apparent temperature, and displaying the
result as an infrared image.
The functional principle of the infrared thermography is governed by three essential physical laws:
Kirchhoff’s law
defines the relation between emission and absorption of energy,
which states that the absorption of a body has to equal its
emissivity at every wavelength.
Planck’s law
describes the distribution of the amplitudes of the energy that a
black-body emits as radiation vs. different frequencies or
wavelengths (i.e. spectral radiance).
Stefan–Boltzmann law
is applied to the emission of a surface over all wavelengths and
states that the radiant power, I, grows with the fourth power of
its absolute temperature.
Methodology
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
10. Author surname – Title of the presentation 10
Basic theoretical principles of the infrared termography
The results of the infrared thermography are influenced by three essential factors:
The surface configuration
influences the thermal conductivity that can
be reduced if air voids and low density areas
are present
The surface roughness
has the effect of increasing the surface
emissivity with respect to that related to a
smooth surface. This parameter is strictly
related to the material characterizing the
surface.
The environmental conditions
solar exposition, temperature, wind speed,
surface moisture that surrounds the surface
affects the validity of the image interpretation
Methodology
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
11. Author surname – Title of the presentation 11
The application of the infrared thermography
The thermographic camera is provided of a Focal
Plane Array detector operating in the band 7.5–13 lm
and detects a temperature range from -40°C to +120°C
with a measurement accuracy of 2° C.
A passive approach of investigation was adopted by
using the natural heat sources of the building as the
solar radiation or the slow microclimate temperature.
A preliminary test of sensitivity
A preliminary thermographic scan was carried out for
the vault covering the room n. 2, where the presence of
a timber structure was considered very likely because
the arrangement of this area together with the
Auditorium at the ground floor dates back to 1950s; in
that period the pre-existing Royal Chappel, that
developed with its height along two levels, was
completely transformed with the creation of an
intermediate floor in order to ensure the continuity of
the expositive path.
Methodology
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
12. Author surname – Title of the presentation 12
The termographic survey
The thermographic image of the vault related to the room
n. 11 confirmed that it is not structural, as already
suggested by the presence of a thin wall in common with
the adjacent room n. 47. On the other hand, also for the
vault covering the room n. 47 (not accessible) can be
supposed a timber structure, by virtue of analogy with the
room n. 48. It is very likely, therefore, that the timber
structures were created after the partition of the unique
space covered by the original vault.
The hypothesis II is confirmed for these vaults.
4711
4810
Results
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
13. 13
The termographic survey
9 49
4810
The thermographic images related to the rooms n. 9 and n. 10
did not reveal the signs of the timber frame and this may led to
suppose the presence of masonry vaults. This result, however,
seems to be not consistent with the presence of a non-
structural wall on one side. So, another hypothesis was
formulated supported by the presence elsewhere in the Palace
of a further typology of vault (visible from a crawl space of the
Farnesian staircase).
The most likely hypothesis
It is a no-load-bearing
masonry vault, characterized
by a thin thickness of bricks
disposed on a sheet (20 cm
average thickness). This
typology could be compatible
with the underneath thin wall.
Results
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
14. 14+
The critical interpretation of the instrumental findings
The critical interpretation of the instrumental findings in the light of the other information derived from the visual
inspections and the analysis of the documentary sources has provided a complete characterization of the
horizontal structures of the first level of the Capodimonte Museum.
A first classification of the vaults at the first level
Structural masonry vaults
They must withstand their self-weight, the non-permanent
structural loading and the variable loading; they have a
prevailing configuration as a schifo or mirror vault and
maximum height of about 8.8 m; moreover they are dated back
to the construction of the building and characterize the rooms of
its north and south sides.
No-load-bearing vaults
They can be referred to two typologies such as timber and
masonry vaults; they must withstand only their self-weight,
while the other loading are transferred to distinct and separated
horizontal structures
Results
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
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The critical interpretation of the instrumental findings
The classification of the no-load-bearing vaults
A proper classification of the no-load-bearing vaults on the basis of the typology the overlying horizontal
structures has to account for different sources of information because the infrared themography provides
images only related to the intrados surface of the vaults.
In some cases the visual inspections allowed to observe the structure of the timber vaults also from the
extrados because they were built under the pre-existing masonry vaults that kept their load-bearing function.
In other cases, where the overlaying load-bearing structure is not visible, the presence of structural masonry
vaults was supposed on the basis of the finding of the anchors of ties, visible on the outer walls of the rooms.
This is the case, indeed, of the rooms n. 9 and 10.
A further typology of no-load-bearing timber vaults is characterized by the presence of an overlaying plane
diaphragm in r.c.; these solution is documented in particular for the rooms located in the transversal bodies
around the central courtyard and dated back to the strengthening interventions carried out in the 1950s. Thus
it was supposed that a similar solution was adopted for the timber vault of the room n. 11.
Results
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
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Conclusions
A case study was presented on the application of the infrared thermography to characterize the constructive
typology of some vaults of the Capodimonte Museum in Naples.
The termographic images of the intrados surfaces of the analyzed structures allowed a first distinction
between structural masonry vaults and no-load-bearing vaults.
Two constructive typologies of no-load-bearing vaults were recognized, as timber and masonry vaults. They
are characterized by the presence of overlying horizontal structures, which have to fulfill the bearing function.
In order to proper identify the features of these horizontal structures instrumental investigations were critically
interpreted and integrated by other information derived from the visual inspections and the critical analysis of
the documentary sources.
This interesting methodological approach allowed achieving a complete characterization of the horizontal
structures of the first level of the Capodimonte Museum, and represented a basic requirement to define a
reliable model of the structural behavior of the building aimed at the evaluation of its seismic safety.
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
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Conclusions
C. Casapulla, A. Maione, L.U. Argiento, A. Prota
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic Masonry Buildings
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