This document provides an overview of thermography and infrared temperature measurement. It discusses the basics of near, mid, and thermal infrared wavelengths and how atoms emit infrared energy as photons when electrons move between energy orbitals. Thermal images show the infrared energy emitted, transmitted, and reflected by an object. Emissivity describes a material's ability to emit thermal radiation. Thermal imaging systems use uncooled or cooled infrared detectors to capture infrared wavelengths and convert them into temperature measurements using techniques like two color thermometry. Thermography has applications in areas like condition monitoring, healthcare, security, and manufacturing.

1. THERMOGRAPHYBY :SOHIT KUMAR CHAUHAN

2. THE BASICSNEAR INFRARED

3. MID INFRARED

4. THERMAL INFRAREDATOMSTWO ENERGY ORBITALS

5. LOW ENERGY ORBITAL

6. HIGH ENERGY ORBITAL

7. ELECTRON MOVES TO HIGHER ORBIT

8. WHEN COMES BACK RELEASES ENERGY AS PHOTONTHERMAL ENERGYThermal images, or Thermograms, are actually visual displays of the amount of infrared energy emitted, transmitted, and reflected by an object.

9. Incident Energy = Emitted Energy + Transmitted Energy + Reflected Energy

10. Second law of thermodynamics and EmissivityRADIATIVE HEAT EXCHANGE

11. EMISSIVITYEmissivity is a term representing a material's ability to emit thermal radiation

12. THERMAL IMAGING SYSTEM

13. INFRARED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

14. MODERN INFRARED THERMOMETER

15. Planck's Equation shows, the peak energy shifts towards shorter wavelengths as the temperature increases.

16. TWO COLOR THERMOMETRY

17. TYPES OF INFRARED DETECTORSUNCOOLED INFRARED DETECTORUse a sensor operating at ambient temperature.

18. Cooling is not necessary.

19. Use sensors that work by the change of resistance, voltage or current when heated by infrared radiation.COOLED INFRARED DETECTORUse sensors with operating range from 4k to just below room temperature.

20. The cooling is necessary for the operation of the semiconductor materials used.

21. Use sensors that work by catching IR radiations.UNCOOLED INFRARED DETECTORCOOLED INFRARED DETECTORDo not require bulky, expensive cryogenic coolers

22. They are smaller and less costly.

23. Materials used for uncooled infrared detection are vanadium(V) oxidelanthanum barium manganiteamorphous siliconlead zirconate titanate(PZT)Lanthanum doped lead zirconate titanateRequire cryogenic coolers for cooling.

24. They are expensive both to produce and to run.

25. Materials used for cooled infrared detection are indium antimonideindium arsenidemercury cadmium telluridelead sulfidelead selenide

26. ADVANTAGESIt shows a visual picture

27. It is capable of catching moving targets in real time

28. It is able to find deteriorating

29. It can be used to measure or observe in areas inaccessible or hazardous for other methods

30. It is a non-destructive test method

31. It can be used to find defects

32. It can be used to detect objects in dark areasDISADVANTAGEShigh price range

33. Images can be difficult to interpret accurately when based upon certain objects

34. Accurate temperature measurements are hindered by differing emissivities and reflections from other surfaces

35. Most cameras have ±2% accuracy or worse

36. Only able to directly detect surface temperaturesAPPLICATIONSCondition monitoring

37. Digital infrared thermal imaging in health care

38. Thermology

39. Veterinary Thermal Imaging

40. Night vision

41. Research

42. Process control

43. Nondestructive testing

44. Surveillance in security, law enforcement and defence

45. Chemical imaging

46. Volcanology

47. BuildingCondition monitoring

48. In health care

49. Process controlSteel LadleManufacturing

50. Veterinary Thermal Imaging

51. Defence

52. Surveillance in security

53. REFERENCESRogalski A. and Chrzanowski K. 2002, “Infrared Devices and Techniques”, Contributed Paper: Opto-electronics Review

54. Darling, Charles R.; "Pyrometry. A Practical Treatise on the Measurement of High Temperatures." Published by E.&F.N. Spon Ltd. London. 1911

55. www.wikipedia. org

56. www.howstuffworks.comTHANK YOUQUERIES