Nanotechnology is the science and engineering at the scale of atoms and molecules. It involves building and manipulating things at the nanoscale - between 1 to 100 nanometers. The idea of nanotechnology was conceived in 1959 by physicist Richard Feynman, who imagined building things atom by atom. Experimental nanotechnology began in 1981 with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope, allowing scientists to see individual atoms. Potential applications of nanotechnology include sensors, electronics, energy storage and production, medicine, and space elevators. However, there are also concerns about potential dangers if not properly regulated.

1. INTRODUCTION
TO
NANOTECHNOLOG
Y
Prashant Sharma
MCA 3rd
Semester

2. Definition
“Nanotechnology is science and
engineering at the scale of atoms and
molecules. It is the art & science of
building stuff that does stuff at the
nanometer scale.”
National Nanotechnology Initiative, 2007

3. Unit Comparison

4. Size Comparison
Ant = 5mm
Head of Pin =1-2 mm
Human hair = 10-120 µm diameter
Red Blood Cells = 2-5 µm
DNA = 2-12 nm
Carbon Nanotube =1.3nm diameter
Carbon Bucky Ball = 1 nm

5. History
The idea of nanotechnology
was born in 1959 when
physicist Richard Feynman
gave a lecture exploring the
idea of building things at the
atomic and molecular scale.
He imagined the entire
Encyclopaedia Britannica
written on the head of a pin. Figure 1.11: Richard Feynman.

6. History (cont..)
• Experimental nanotechnology did not come into its own
until 1981, when IBM scientists in Zurich, Switzerland, built
the first scanning tunnelling microscope (STM)
• This allows us to see single atoms by scanning a tiny probe
over the surface of a silicon crystal
• In 1990, IBM scientists discovered how to use an STM to
move single xenon atoms around on a nickel surface - in an
iconic experiment, with an inspired eye for marketing, they
moved 35 atoms to spell out "IBM".

7. History (cont..)
• Three gentlemen—Harold
Kroto from the University of
Sussex, Robert Curl and
Richard Smalley from Rice
University—were awarded
the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
in 1996 for their discovery of
a new composition of carbon,
Carbon 60 in 1985.
• And in 1991, tiny, super-
strong rolls of carbon atoms
known as carbon nanotubes
were created. These are six
times lighter, yet 100 times
stronger than steel.
A “Buckyball.”
A “Carbon Nanotube”

8. Fields

9. Applications

10. • Understanding of
molecular recognition
• Capture and recognize
a specified molecule,
i.e. bioarrays
As a sensor
Fig. 1-NASA aircraft containing smart materials
with sensors and actuators. Simulating form
and functions of birds
www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/spinoff2001/langley.html

11. As a Space Elevator
Recent proposals for a space elevator are
notable in their plans to incorporate carbon
nanotubes into the secure design, thus
providing a link between space study and
nanotechnology.

12. • Design to mimic some type
of bioprocess
• Main focus is on human
repair and idea of self-
assembly
• Diagnostic and Treatment
Nanoscale Biostructure
Fig. 2-Carbon nanotubes as biomedical
sensors to test electrical properties in
biomolecular environment

13. For Energy Capture and Storage
Sunlight storage, i.e. titanium dioxide. This
material is able to absorb solar energy when
combined with a special dye. Then the
energy may be converted to electrical
energy.
Fig. 3- New technologies for clean energy
generation and storage, such as using
hydrogen to supply fuel cells

14. • Nanoelectronics combine
biology, chemistry,
physics, engineering, and
computer science, i.a.
computer chips
(nanochips), nanomotors,
nanoelectronics to body’s
nervous system
• Nanotechnology to the
rescue of overheating
computer chips
For Electronics
Nokia Morph Cell Phone With Nanotechnology

15. • Miniature Weapons and Explosives
• Disassembles for Military Use
• Uncontrolled Nanomachines
• Self Replicating Nanomachines
• Monitoring
• Tracking
Potential Danger

16. • However, if the researchers in this field put
together an ethical set of guidelines (e.g.,
Molecular Nanotechnology Guidelines) and
follow them, then we should be able to
develop nanotechnology safely while still
reaping its promised benefits.
• Nanotechnology is predicted to be developed
by 2020 but much depends on our
commitment to its research.
Conclusion

17. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology
• http://www.newscientist.com
• http://wanderlustmind.com/2009/01/18/interactive-nanotech-food
• http://scienceblogs.com/framing-
science/2008/05/at_the_new_york_times_and_glob.php
• http://1nanotechnology.blogspot.com/2007/08/conclusion.html
• Alberto Quiñonez, Ph.D.(Slides)
• Karen Wosczyna-Birch (Slides)
Bibliography

18. Questionnaire
?

19. Thank You