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[ vol. 10.1142_8179] Andreone, Antonello_ Cusano, Andrea_ Cutolo, Antonello_ Galdi, V - Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials __ FRONT MATTER (2011, WORLD SCIENTIFIC) [10.1142_9789814355193_fmatter.pdf

This document provides the front matter for a book on selected topics in photonic crystals and metamaterials. It includes a foreword by Thomas Krauss praising the book for comprehensively covering this field from first principles to state-of-the-art applications. The preface written by the editors notes that advances in materials science have enabled novel artificial materials with anomalous electromagnetic properties not found in nature. The book aims to summarize both basic and advanced aspects of this rapidly developing interdisciplinary field.

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8179hc.9789814355186-tp.indd 1 5/16/11 10:23 AM Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
Antonello Andreone University of Naples “Federico II”, Italy Andrea Cusano • Antonello Cutolo • Vincenzo Galdi University of Sannio, Italy editors NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI World Scientific 8179hc.9789814355186-tp.indd 2 5/16/11 10:23 AM Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN-13 978-981-4355-18-6 ISBN-10 981-4355-18-6 All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. Copyright © 2011 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Printed in Singapore. SELECTED TOPICS IN PHOTONIC CRYSTALS AND METAMATERIALS Lakshmi - Selected Topics in Photonic.pmd 5/4/2011, 9:40 AM 1 Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
To my women: Maria Emilia, Maria Teresa, Maria Alessandra, and to my parents. A. C. To Dani and Ellie, made for me in the stars. V. G. Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
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vii FOREWORD In our age-old quest to harness the properties of lightwaves for encoding, transmitting, storing and revealing information, we have developed ever more sophisticated tools and methods for their manipulation. The field of Optics was the first manifestation of this quest, which defined the classical ray-optics model that led to the well-known telescopes used in astronomical studies. We then learned to understand and control properties such as diffraction, scattering and absorption, and thus gave birth to the field of Photonics, which considers light-rays in terms of their constituent parts, namely Photons. Photonics opened up a new understanding and a new toolkit for managing light, especially at the wavelength-scale. It encouraged researchers to create micro-and nanostructures and enabled them to maximise the control they were able to exert over the generation and propagation of light. As a result, significant management of electromagnetic radiation is now possible with photonic crystals, while photonic crystal fibres give us supercontinuum sources, metamaterials give us superresolution beyond the diffraction limit and we are even considering the prospect of invisibility cloaks based on transformation optics, which, not very long ago, were only considered in the realm of magic and fiction. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this effort as well as the current State-of-the-Art in the field of Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials. It beautifully blends the opportunities available with nanostructures in both dielectrics and metals, highlighting the unique opportunities available with either type of material. It comprehensively covers the topic of Photonics in nanostructured materials, starting from first principles, and developing these towards the State-of-the-Art. It thereby makes the topic accessible to newcomers to the field, yet it provides sufficient depth to interest the expert; in short, it is both rigorous and accessible, and all aspects are very well explained. The book features chapters by some of the leaders in the field who provide considerable authority. It presents an exciting mix of fundamentals (e.g. a beautiful treatment of Maxwell’s equations in Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
Foreword viii periodic media in Chapter 1), as well as technological aspects (many chapters, but especially in Chapters 17-18), leading on to applications such as cloaking (Chapters 8-11) and biosensing (Chapter 12). In short, it captures the many-faceted approach required to master the art of Photonics in nanostructured materials in an exemplary fashion. This is not an undergraduate textbook, but rather aimed at postgraduate students and active practitioners in the field of nanostructured photonics who want to learn about the many aspects that are being explored in the field. It makes an excellent read. March, 2011 Thomas F. Krauss School of Physics and Astronomy University of St Andrews St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
ix PREFACE “Death's got an Invisibility Cloak?” Harry interrupted again. “So he can sneak up on people,” said Ron. “Sometimes he gets bored of running at them, flapping his arms and shrieking …” J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows During the last decade, the formidable advances in the materials science and technology have enabled for the synthesis and engineering of novel classes of artificial materials capable of exhibiting anomalous effects and interactions (e.g., negative refraction, super-resolution imaging, bandgap, optical magnetism, slow-light, “invisibility cloaking,” etc.) with electromagnetic (EM) fields which are not observable (at least at the frequencies of interest) in materials available in nature. Such artificial materials are typically composed of (ordered or random) arrangements of elementary inclusions of size much smaller than the operating wavelength. Among the various possible categories and denominations, it is worth mentioning the “photonic crystals” (also known as photonic or EM bandgap structures, and characterized by inter-element spacings of the order of the wavelength) and the “metamaterials” (with spacings much smaller than the wavelength, and hence amenable to modeling via macroscopic constitutive relationships). The physics and engineering of artificial materials has rapidly established itself as a forefront field, with a strongly dynamic and interdisciplinary character (which encompasses the materials science and engineering, nanotechnology, solid-state physics, and EM), of great strategic importance, as witnessed by the steadily growing rate of topical publications, the recent creation of topical journals, conferences and workshops promoted by several scientific societies, the research efforts at international level, and the number of proposed novel applications based on them. Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
Preface x This monograph is an attempt to summarize both the basic and the more advanced aspects of this discipline, by providing a representative sample of the latest trends and results in a rapidly-evolving research scenario. The various contributions, by renowned scientists from academia and the industry, address wide-ranging topics, including aspects pertaining to modeling, phenomenologies, experiments, technologies and applications. More specifically, after an introduction, at a tutorial level, of the basic aspects of photonic crystals and metamaterials, a variety of selected topics are presented, including photonic quasi-crystals, arrays of nanoparticles, EM-bandgap superstrates, structured optical fibres, transformation EM and “invisibility cloaking,” slow light, enhanced transmission, etc. Besides the theoretical and modeling aspects, real- world applications (e.g., to biosensing, twin-photon generation, etc.) as well as fabrication and production aspects are also addressed. It is hoped that this monograph may serve as a useful tool for “newcomers” to the field, such as Master and PhD students, as well as for specialists, and that the breadth of the topics addressed may stimulate some cross-fertilization of ideas which is essential in such a complex and multi-faceted research field. The editors express their sincere appreciation to all the contributors (about sixty, from eight different countries), who cooperated by submitting their final manuscripts within tight deadlines imposed to ensure timely publication of this monograph. Also, special thanks are due to Dr. Paola Ambrosino, for her valuable assistance in the monograph preparation. Naples, Benevento Antonello Andreone March, 2011 Andrea Cusano Antonello Cutolo Vincenzo Galdi Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
xi CONTRIBUTORS Giancarlo Abbate CNR-SPIN and Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II,” Italy Kamil B. Alici Nanotechnology Research Centre, Bilkent University, Turkey Andrea Alù Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, USA Antonello Andreone CNR-SPIN and Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II,” Italy Koray Aydin Thomas J. Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, USA Mario Bertolotti Department of Energetics, Sapienza University, Italy Filiberto Bilotti Department of Applied Electronics, Roma Tre University, Italy Fabio A. Bovino Quantum Optics Lab SELEX-SI, Italy Matteo Braccini Department of Energetics, Sapienza University, Italy Ian D. Block Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Ozgur A. Cakmak Nanotechnology Research Centre, Bilkent University, Turkey Salvatore Campione Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, USA Stefania Campopiano Department for Technologies, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Italy John Canning School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Australia Filippo Capolino Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, USA Bernard Didier F. Casse Department of Physics, Northeastern University, USA Giuseppe Castaldi Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Italy C. T. Chan Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
Contributors xii Leo Chan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Caterina Ciminelli Department of Electrotechnics and Electronics, Polytechnic of Bari, Italy Brian T. Cunningham Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Andrea Cusano Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Italy Antonello Cutolo Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Italy Emiliano Di Gennaro CNR-SPIN and Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II,” Italy Guillaume Dupont Institut Fresnel, UMR CNRS 6133, University of Aix-Marseille III, France Nader Engheta Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, USA Stefan Enoch Institut Fresnel, UMR CNRS 6133, University of Aix-Marseille III, France Fabrizio Frezza Department of Electronic Engineering, Sapienza University, Italy Vincenzo Galdi Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Italy Ilaria Gallina Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Italy Nikhil Ganesh Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Sebastien Guenneau Institut Fresnel, UMR CNRS 6133, University of Aix-Marseille III, France Dmitry Kozlov St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Russia Eiichi Kuramochi NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Japan Zhifang Lin Depertmanet of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, China Meng Lu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Wentao T. Lu Department of Physics, Northeastern University, USA Stefano Maci Department of Information Engineering, University of Siena, Italy Enrica Martini Department of Information Engineering, University of Siena, Italy Danilo Mascolo Area Economica Confindustria Emilia- Romagna, Italy Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
Contributors xiii Maria Rosaria Masullo INFN—Naples Unit, Italy Patrick C. Mathias Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Jack Ng Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China Mikhail Odit St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Russia Ekmel Ozbay Nanotechnology Research Centre, Bilkent University, Turkey Lara Pajewski Department of Applied Electronics, Roma Tre University, Italy Emanuele Pascale Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Italy Ida Petrone Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Italy Marco Pisco Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Italy Cristina Ponti Department of Applied Electronics, Roma Tre University, Italy Armando Ricciardi Department for Technologies, University of Naples “Parthenope,” Italy T. Priya Rose CNR-SPIN and Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II,” Italy Salvatore Savo Department of Physics, Northeastern University, USA, and Department of Physics, University of Naples “Federico II,” Italy Giuseppe Schettini Department of Applied Electronics, Roma Tre University, Italy Luca Scorrano Department of Applied Electronics, Roma Tre University, Italy Concita Sibilia Department of Energetics, Sapienza University, Italy Srinivas Sridhar Department of Physics, Northeastern University, USA Simone Tricarico Department of Applied Electronics, Roma Tre University, Italy Lucio Vegni Department of Applied Electronics, Roma Tre University, Italy Irina Vendik St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, Russia Arthur Yaghjian Concord MA, 01742 USA Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
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xv CONTENTS Foreword by T. F. Krauss ...............................................................vii Preface..............................................................................................ix Contributors...................................................................................... xi 1 Introduction to Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials C. Ciminelli....................................................................................... 1 2 In-Plane Propagation in Photonic Quasi-Crystals: Band-Gap, Confinement, and Focusing T. Priya Rose, E. Di Gennaro, A. Andreone, G. Abbate, M. R. Masullo, I. Gallina, G. Castaldi, V. Galdi............................ 47 3 Out-of-Plane Propagation in Photonic Quasi-Crystals: Guided Resonances A. Ricciardi, S. Campopiano, M. Pisco, A. Cusano, I. Gallina, G. Castaldi, V. Galdi..................................................... 75 4 Photonic Molecules Organized by Light J. Ng, Z. Lin, C. T. Chan............................................................... 113 5 Linear and Planar Periodic Arrays of Metallic Nanospheres: Fabrication, Optical Properties and Applications S. Campione, F. Capolino ........................................................... 141 6 All-Dielectric Metamaterials Based on Spherical and Cubic Inclusions I. Vendik, M. Odit, D. Kozlov ....................................................... 195 7 EBG Superstrates for Directivity Enhancement of Antennas F. Frezza, L. Pajewski, C. Ponti, G. Schettini.............................. 215 8 Transformation Electromagnetism G. Dupont, S. Guenneau, S. Enoch............................................... 239 9 Plasmonic Cloaking: Scattering Cancellation without Isolation A Alù, N. Engheta......................................................................... 263 Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.
Contents xvi 10 Scattering Cancellation Approach to Cloaking: Actual Implementation and Recent Advancements F. Bilotti, S. Tricarico, L. Vegni .................................................. 285 11 Cloaking in Terms of Nonradiating Cancelling Currents E. Martini, S. Maci, A. Yaghjian .................................................. 303 12 Photonic Crystals for Biosensing B. T. Cunningham, I. D. Block, L. Chan, N. Ganesh, M. Lu, P. C. Mathias .................................................................... 329 13 Twin Photons Generation in an Integrated Photonic Crystal Structure F. A. Bovino, M. Braccini, C. Sibilia, M. Bertolotti ..................... 359 14 Slow Light in Negative Permeability Metamaterial Waveguides S. Savo, W. T. Lu, B. D. F. Casse, S. Sridhar ............................... 373 15 Structured Optical Fibres and the Application of Their Linear and Non-Linear Properties J. Canning..................................................................................... 389 16 Enhanced Transmission through Sub-Wavelength Apertures by Using Metamaterials F. Bilotti, L. Scorrano, K. B. Alici, K. Aydin, O. A. Cakmak, E. Ozbay, L.Vegni................................................. 453 17 Fabrication of 2D and 3D Photonic Crystals E. Kuramochi................................................................................ 479 18 Production Technologies for Manufacturing of Metamaterials and Photonic Crystals D. Mascolo, I. Petrone, E. Pascale, M. Pisco, A. Cutolo............. 505 Selected Topics in Photonic Crystals and Metamaterials Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 186.195.154.207 on 08/12/15. For personal use only.