Corso Ischia Sicura - 08 approfondimento n6- liquefazioneArchLiving
Corso ISCHIA SICURA, Associazione Ingegneri Ischia: ORDINANZE POST SISMA (SABATO 27 Aprile 2019)
INTERVENTI
Apparato Normativo Post sisma: introduzione generale;
Le ordinanze post sisma l’esperienza di L’Aquila;
Le ordinanze post sisma l’esperienza Emiliana;
Le ordinanze post sisma in centro Italia;
Ricostruzione Pubblica post sisma;
Applicazione pratica delle ordinanze: determinazione del livello operativo;
Presentazione di richiesta di contributo: requisiti di ammissibilità, difformità, costo convenzionale;
Casi reali presentati agli uffici ricostruzione : esempi di progetti in Emilia 2012 e Italia centrale 2016.
RELATORI:
Arch. Giovanni Di Mambro – Dirigente Ministero Infrastrutture. Dirigente struttura di missione progetto C.A.S.E., Direttore Settore Ricostruzione del Commissario per la Ricostruzione Sisma 2016.
Ing. Gianluca Loffredo – Amministratore unico Archliving srl.
Ing. PIERLUIGI PASCALE – Responsabile Centro Italia Archliving srl
Il file contiene il REPORT relativo alla visita tecnica nelle zone colpite dalla sequenza sismica dell’Italia centrale 2016, in data 6-7 Luglio 2017 presso i comuni di Camerino e Visso (MC).
Le Grotte, località che conserva, oltre a questa importante e antica opera, compiutamente descritta nell'articolo che pubblichiamo, anche diversi altri notevoli e intriganti resti del nostro passato remoto.
Corso Ischia Sicura - 08 approfondimento n6- liquefazioneArchLiving
Corso ISCHIA SICURA, Associazione Ingegneri Ischia: ORDINANZE POST SISMA (SABATO 27 Aprile 2019)
INTERVENTI
Apparato Normativo Post sisma: introduzione generale;
Le ordinanze post sisma l’esperienza di L’Aquila;
Le ordinanze post sisma l’esperienza Emiliana;
Le ordinanze post sisma in centro Italia;
Ricostruzione Pubblica post sisma;
Applicazione pratica delle ordinanze: determinazione del livello operativo;
Presentazione di richiesta di contributo: requisiti di ammissibilità, difformità, costo convenzionale;
Casi reali presentati agli uffici ricostruzione : esempi di progetti in Emilia 2012 e Italia centrale 2016.
RELATORI:
Arch. Giovanni Di Mambro – Dirigente Ministero Infrastrutture. Dirigente struttura di missione progetto C.A.S.E., Direttore Settore Ricostruzione del Commissario per la Ricostruzione Sisma 2016.
Ing. Gianluca Loffredo – Amministratore unico Archliving srl.
Ing. PIERLUIGI PASCALE – Responsabile Centro Italia Archliving srl
Il file contiene il REPORT relativo alla visita tecnica nelle zone colpite dalla sequenza sismica dell’Italia centrale 2016, in data 6-7 Luglio 2017 presso i comuni di Camerino e Visso (MC).
Le Grotte, località che conserva, oltre a questa importante e antica opera, compiutamente descritta nell'articolo che pubblichiamo, anche diversi altri notevoli e intriganti resti del nostro passato remoto.
Michael Nieves.
We consider a transition wave that propagates inside a discrete periodic structure, composed of massless beams and periodically placed masses, as a result of energy supplied by a remote point load. This scenario may represent the collapse of a civil engineering structure, such as a rooftop or a bridge, due to some unwanted vibrations.
A summary of analytical results, obtained using the Wiener-Hopf technique, concerning the dynamic behaviour of the structure during the collapse is given.
The structure’s dispersive nature is then used to reveal the steady-state collapse speeds observed in numerical simulations. We show that average speed of collapse propagation is a continuous function of the load amplitude and identify intervals when steady-state propagation occurs. Outside these intervals, the collapse propagates non-steadily, and can oscillate rapidly. Here the collapse can occur in small bursts or clusters and for large load amplitudes it possesses what was recently discovered as a forerunning propagation.
Michael Nieves gratefully acknowledges the support of the EU H2020 grant MSCA-IF-2016-747334-CAT-FFLAP.
Bridges with hinged spans after a centenary experienceDCEE2017
Pier Giorgio Malerba.
Several steel and R.C. continuous bridges of the last century were made statically determinate by
placing hinge connections in suitable points of their spans (articulated bridges). The main
advantages of this choice are a clear and simple static scheme and the avoidance of spurious effect
due to settlements of the foundations.
On the other hand, the systematic use of bearing supports and joints along the spans causes slope
discontinuities of the road platform: under the permanent loads, such kinks are progressively
increased by shrinkage, creep and steel relaxation effects; under the traffic loads these local
discontinuities foster the dynamic effects in the neighbourhood of the hinges and causes severe
damages both at these devices and at their interfaces with the body of the main structure. Moreover,
these effects are an inconvenience as far as the appearance of the structure and ride comfort.
This contribution would present an overview of the performance of these bridges after a century of
experiences and to highlight their most diffused drawbacks. Particular attention is paid to the hinge
connections made of a couple of opposite R.C. corbels, which is one of the most critical zones. In
fact, their shape made difficult the detailing of the bars, frequently quite congested, attracts and
retains the damaging agents (salted water from the platform) and, as a consequence, gives rise to
fast corrosion states. Some criteria for their structural assessment are given and the examples of
rehabilitation are presented.
Collapse propagation in bridge structures. A semi-analytical modelDCEE2017
Michele Brun.
We consider the advance of a transition flexural wave through a beam-like periodically supported slender structure. The
collapse of a bridge structure is modeled as a steady-state propagation of a transition wave within a slender structure. The problem is
governed by fourth-order partial differential equations and both propagating and evanescent waves are included in the general solution. It is
shown that the problem can be expressed within a class of functional equations of the Wiener-Hopf type . Three different propagation
regimes are found: subsonic, intersonic and supersonic and it is shown that propagation is restricted to the intersonic regime where part of the
energy is released to the damaged structure.
Applications to the study of the collapse of the San Saba bridge in Texas shows the validity of the model.
International Journal of Structural Glass and Advanced Materials Research. Sp...DCEE2017
The document announces a special issue of the International Journal of Structural Glass and Advanced Materials Research on "Current Challenges in Materials Design". The special issue will include selected papers presented at the 6th International Workshop on Design for Civil and Environmental Engineering. Potential topics include new engineered materials, design methodology, and interdisciplinary challenges in engineering design. The guest editors are Chiara Bedon, Fausto Mistretta, Mauro Sassu, and Flavio Stochino of the University of Cagliari. The submission deadline is January 31, 2018.
1. Tecnica delle Costruzioni deals with structural design and analysis, bringing together various ideas, theories, methods, tools, and principles to inform the design of structural elements and materials.
2. Structural design requires a holistic view of a construction's entire lifecycle and environment, and necessarily involves making decisions while assuming responsibility.
3. Structural analysis is essential for understanding structural behavior both qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of performance and safety, and properly relating analytical models to real-world structures.
Knowledge acquisition of existing buildings by means of diagnostic surveying....DCEE2017
Giovanna Concu.
The issue of assessing the structural adequacy of existing buildings involves several problems when a unique and reliable strategy of modelling and analyzing is looked for. This is mainly related to the peculiarity of each construction in a context of broad variety. In this light the structural model and consequently the judgment on structural adequacy should be derived from a process of knowledge of the construction carried through steps of different reliability. This paper focuses on a fundamental step of the knowledge acquisition process, which is the surveying campaign aimed at assessing some of the parameter to be implemented into the structural model (geometry, detailing and properties of the materials). The main aspects of a proper and effective planning of the diagnostic campaign are issued and discussed also with reference to some case studies. Special emphasis is given to the usefulness of non-destructive testing methods, the criteria underlying their selection and the relevance of their calibration.
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic ...DCEE2017
Claudia Casapulla.
The infrared thermography is a type of non-destructive investigation which can find interesting application in acquiring information about the structural features of ancient masonry buildings. In this case, in fact, the needs of preservation of the historical values have to be compound with the needs of achieving a proper level of knowledge of the parameters influencing the structural behaviour in order to perform a reliable evaluation of their seismic safety. A recent application of the infrared thermography was proposed in the framework of the Project on the seismic evaluation of the Museum of Capodimonte in Naples (Italy). The objective was to clarify if the painted vaults covering some rooms could have structural function and to identify their constructive typology. In this circumstance, an interesting methodological approach, with more general validity, has been developed by integrating the instrumental investigations with different sources of information, such as historical documents and hypotheses of critical interpretation.
Dynamic behavior of a historical tower subjected to bells’ forced vibrations DCEE2017
Dora Foti.
The aim of the paper is to assess the dynamic behavior of the bell tower of the Basilica Church “S.S. Medici” one of the most important church in the town of Bitonto, Bari, Italy. The tower is 55 m tall and it is made in reinforced concrete. The tower is totally disconnected from the structure of the Church. It was considered the effect of ambient vibration force and, for the forced tests, the excitation produced by different bells. Four bells are housed in the bell chamber, while four more bells are housed at a higher level. All the bells are directly connected to the tower so that their movement introduce an excitation swinging force to the tower. The accelerations at different points have been recorded by 11 piezoelectric accelerometers positioned at four levels of the bell tower. The results of the experimental tests have been analyzed in order to estimate the modal parameters of the tower and to calibrate a 3D finite element model of the tower useful to check the vulnerability of the tower.
Axiomatic Design and the Specification of Surface TopographiesDCEE2017
Christopher A. Brown.
Surfaces on architectural and civil engineering structures should often fulfill several functions, e.g., aesthetics, cleanability, heat transfer, and friction. A road or runway surface, for example, must satisfy two functional requirements (FRs): FR1) provide a comfortable ride without excessive vertical motion, and FR2) facilitate stopping and turning with sufficient friction. The FR1 requires smooth surface and FR2 favors rough. Suh’s axioms requires a DP for each FR. The DPs are physical attributes that fulfill the FRs. The complete design solution includes an integrated CEME (collectively exhaustive, mutually exclusive) decomposition hierarchy, from abstract to detailed, of the design problem. Pairs of FRs and their corresponding DPs, are related by design equations. Axiomatic design and multiscale analysis in surface metrology address these kinds of specifications.
Interdisciplinary challenges in design of windblown sand barriers around dese...DCEE2017
1) The document discusses interdisciplinary challenges in designing windblown sand barriers around desert railways. It involves fields like geomorphology, aeolian research, railway engineering, structural engineering, applied mathematics, fluid mechanics, granular mechanics, and wind engineering.
2) The project aims to develop effective sand mitigation measures (SMM) to address sand limit states that threaten railway operations through a phenomenon- and computational-based design approach.
3) The design process involves setting sand limit states, analyzing incoming windblown sand conditions, categorizing and designing potential SMMs, and assessing SMM performance through simulations and tests from conceptual design to implementation.
Innovative education: Information Asymmetry applied to Building Engineering a...DCEE2017
This document describes an experiment conducted by researchers from Politecnico di Milano and Politecnico di Torino to address students' sectorial approaches to complex issues in building engineering and architecture curricula. The experiment involved having student teams plan and budget a dinner for 20 people with €600, with one team having full information and the other receiving information gradually. The results showed that the team with full information from the start managed resources better. The researchers propose that introducing information asymmetry can help address students' tendency towards sectorial thinking and better prepare them for multidisciplinary problems.
Multidisciplinary workshop on building designDCEE2017
Giuseppe Desogus.
The presentation shows an innovative model of integrated workshop on building design. It is aimed at improving the students’ knowledge on the importance of a collaborative approach among both architectural and technical specialists. Such an approach once was adopted only for main architectural works. Nowadays, however, the increasing necessity of both structural (seismic) and energy performances of the buildings requires a more complex approach also in ordinary ones design.
The workshop is part of the course for the master degree in Architecture of the University of Cagliari. It is composed by three modules: Architectural Engineering, Structural Design and Physics Engineering. The single theory modules are less than an half of the semester. Most of the time is dedicated to a practical workshop in which the students are divided into groups and work on a assigned design theme. Last year it was the revisiting of three buildings designed by Mario de Renzi, one of the main architects of Italian modernism. The aim of the workshop is giving the students a first-hand experience on the importance that every choice on the architectural field has on structural and energy performance ones and vice versa.
The results are quite encouraging. The workshop constantly receives positive feedbacks in the students’ evaluation questionnaires and it is above the average rating of the course.
The main strength is the systemic approach that results in outputs that are far beyond what could have been done teaching the same subjects separately. In the future a new module on Building Information Modelling will be added to the workshop. It could give the possibility to better structure and manage the interactions between architectural and technical aspects.
An on-site teaching laboratory in a village damaged by the 2009 Abruzzo earth...DCEE2017
Linda Giresini.
This paper illustrates an on-site teaching laboratory that involved forty students of the School of Engineering at Pisa during the whole summers of 2010 and 2011. The activity consisted in a systematic survey of damages occurred in a small village after the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake and in the preparation of documents addressed to a reconstruction plan. The historical village of San Pio delle Camere (1000 inhabitants) was fully surveyed, including about 140 hypogean sites. Each student spent at least one month in these activities, funded by specific study grants provided by the Italian Tuscany Region. Teams of three-four students performed well-defined work packages, led by a tutor, who established roles and functions in the group. At the end of each day, the students discussed the progress made preparing also a weekly report. In the last phases, preliminary structural analyses were carried out to assess the seismic vulnerability of some relevant buildings, fully available to the students. The main results were published in a book presented in a workshop and used to set up the official reconstruction plan of the village. During this on-site laboratory, the students could experience the effects of the destructive earthquake on the population, visiting also the damaged surrounding towns and seeing with their own eyes many cases of structural collapse.
A didactical laboratory of structural engineering for bachelor civil engineer...DCEE2017
This document describes a didactical laboratory for structural engineering students at the University of Cagliari. The course was divided into two semesters, with the second semester involving an individual structural design project. Students were assigned similar plane frame structures with variations in measurements, locations, and uses. Working in groups with a tutor, students progressed through the design process over 12 sessions. This approach aimed to train students through the student-tutor relationship, student collaboration, and exposure to a real design project. Most students completed the project on time and achieved good evaluation results. The laboratory provided an effective way to apply theoretical knowledge in a practical setting.
A BIM-based approach to façade optimization: geometrical, economic, and prod...DCEE2017
Elena Seghezzi.
Façade optimization is a promising approach to reduce cost and improve production control in the building sector, especially considering complex buildings. In many cases, this optimization is focusing on energy and comfort aspects, with the goal of improving daylight quality and reducing energy consumption. These approaches represent a valuable support to façade design and engineering. However they lack consideration of construction and production related issues.
The goal of this paper is providing a methodology properly supporting façade optimization in a DfMA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) perspective. DfMA has proven to facilitate offsite manufacturing, lowering costs and improving speed and quality of construction, especially combined with BIM strategies.
A BIM-based methodology can help in setting parameters for the proper optimization of the façade, balancing production related needs and design requirements. The proposed method allows the exploration of alternatives (known as Design Optioneering) to optimize the choice of façade elements.
This method is based on a mathematical algorithm and script including parameters related to geometry, production waste management and designer’s needs. The proposed methodology has been tested on a newly built school in Northern Italy.
Experiences of teaching laboratories for civil engineering students on archae...DCEE2017
Mauro Sassu
A multi-year experience on structural rehabilitation of several archaeological sites was performed with a series of groups of MsC students in Civil Engineering of the University of Pisa. The activity was carried out from 2004 to 2012 and involved about forty students. The students were organized in groups of two, together with other students of faculty of Archaeology, with the task of overseeing teams of local workers engaged in rehabilitation activities. The activity was started by the teacher and by skilled civil engineers to establish the working phases. After a short course to receive the basic instructions to follow the established UNESCO procedure for consolidation, the students themselves conducted the works on site for a period of about four weeks. Together with the technical problems with the management of a construction site, they addressed the issue of language, as many Indian or Pakistani workers did not speak English, and the necessity to manage the activity arranging the groups in terms of compatibility and work capacity. The full-immersion in an Islamic country (Sultanate of Oman), in a security-protected situation, permitted to enable them to gain knowledge of places and people in depth, living in close contact with the Arab, Indian and Pakistani communities.
Michael Nieves.
We consider a transition wave that propagates inside a discrete periodic structure, composed of massless beams and periodically placed masses, as a result of energy supplied by a remote point load. This scenario may represent the collapse of a civil engineering structure, such as a rooftop or a bridge, due to some unwanted vibrations.
A summary of analytical results, obtained using the Wiener-Hopf technique, concerning the dynamic behaviour of the structure during the collapse is given.
The structure’s dispersive nature is then used to reveal the steady-state collapse speeds observed in numerical simulations. We show that average speed of collapse propagation is a continuous function of the load amplitude and identify intervals when steady-state propagation occurs. Outside these intervals, the collapse propagates non-steadily, and can oscillate rapidly. Here the collapse can occur in small bursts or clusters and for large load amplitudes it possesses what was recently discovered as a forerunning propagation.
Michael Nieves gratefully acknowledges the support of the EU H2020 grant MSCA-IF-2016-747334-CAT-FFLAP.
Bridges with hinged spans after a centenary experienceDCEE2017
Pier Giorgio Malerba.
Several steel and R.C. continuous bridges of the last century were made statically determinate by
placing hinge connections in suitable points of their spans (articulated bridges). The main
advantages of this choice are a clear and simple static scheme and the avoidance of spurious effect
due to settlements of the foundations.
On the other hand, the systematic use of bearing supports and joints along the spans causes slope
discontinuities of the road platform: under the permanent loads, such kinks are progressively
increased by shrinkage, creep and steel relaxation effects; under the traffic loads these local
discontinuities foster the dynamic effects in the neighbourhood of the hinges and causes severe
damages both at these devices and at their interfaces with the body of the main structure. Moreover,
these effects are an inconvenience as far as the appearance of the structure and ride comfort.
This contribution would present an overview of the performance of these bridges after a century of
experiences and to highlight their most diffused drawbacks. Particular attention is paid to the hinge
connections made of a couple of opposite R.C. corbels, which is one of the most critical zones. In
fact, their shape made difficult the detailing of the bars, frequently quite congested, attracts and
retains the damaging agents (salted water from the platform) and, as a consequence, gives rise to
fast corrosion states. Some criteria for their structural assessment are given and the examples of
rehabilitation are presented.
Collapse propagation in bridge structures. A semi-analytical modelDCEE2017
Michele Brun.
We consider the advance of a transition flexural wave through a beam-like periodically supported slender structure. The
collapse of a bridge structure is modeled as a steady-state propagation of a transition wave within a slender structure. The problem is
governed by fourth-order partial differential equations and both propagating and evanescent waves are included in the general solution. It is
shown that the problem can be expressed within a class of functional equations of the Wiener-Hopf type . Three different propagation
regimes are found: subsonic, intersonic and supersonic and it is shown that propagation is restricted to the intersonic regime where part of the
energy is released to the damaged structure.
Applications to the study of the collapse of the San Saba bridge in Texas shows the validity of the model.
International Journal of Structural Glass and Advanced Materials Research. Sp...DCEE2017
The document announces a special issue of the International Journal of Structural Glass and Advanced Materials Research on "Current Challenges in Materials Design". The special issue will include selected papers presented at the 6th International Workshop on Design for Civil and Environmental Engineering. Potential topics include new engineered materials, design methodology, and interdisciplinary challenges in engineering design. The guest editors are Chiara Bedon, Fausto Mistretta, Mauro Sassu, and Flavio Stochino of the University of Cagliari. The submission deadline is January 31, 2018.
1. Tecnica delle Costruzioni deals with structural design and analysis, bringing together various ideas, theories, methods, tools, and principles to inform the design of structural elements and materials.
2. Structural design requires a holistic view of a construction's entire lifecycle and environment, and necessarily involves making decisions while assuming responsibility.
3. Structural analysis is essential for understanding structural behavior both qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of performance and safety, and properly relating analytical models to real-world structures.
Knowledge acquisition of existing buildings by means of diagnostic surveying....DCEE2017
Giovanna Concu.
The issue of assessing the structural adequacy of existing buildings involves several problems when a unique and reliable strategy of modelling and analyzing is looked for. This is mainly related to the peculiarity of each construction in a context of broad variety. In this light the structural model and consequently the judgment on structural adequacy should be derived from a process of knowledge of the construction carried through steps of different reliability. This paper focuses on a fundamental step of the knowledge acquisition process, which is the surveying campaign aimed at assessing some of the parameter to be implemented into the structural model (geometry, detailing and properties of the materials). The main aspects of a proper and effective planning of the diagnostic campaign are issued and discussed also with reference to some case studies. Special emphasis is given to the usefulness of non-destructive testing methods, the criteria underlying their selection and the relevance of their calibration.
Infrared Thermography for the Characterization of Painted Vaults of Historic ...DCEE2017
Claudia Casapulla.
The infrared thermography is a type of non-destructive investigation which can find interesting application in acquiring information about the structural features of ancient masonry buildings. In this case, in fact, the needs of preservation of the historical values have to be compound with the needs of achieving a proper level of knowledge of the parameters influencing the structural behaviour in order to perform a reliable evaluation of their seismic safety. A recent application of the infrared thermography was proposed in the framework of the Project on the seismic evaluation of the Museum of Capodimonte in Naples (Italy). The objective was to clarify if the painted vaults covering some rooms could have structural function and to identify their constructive typology. In this circumstance, an interesting methodological approach, with more general validity, has been developed by integrating the instrumental investigations with different sources of information, such as historical documents and hypotheses of critical interpretation.
Dynamic behavior of a historical tower subjected to bells’ forced vibrations DCEE2017
Dora Foti.
The aim of the paper is to assess the dynamic behavior of the bell tower of the Basilica Church “S.S. Medici” one of the most important church in the town of Bitonto, Bari, Italy. The tower is 55 m tall and it is made in reinforced concrete. The tower is totally disconnected from the structure of the Church. It was considered the effect of ambient vibration force and, for the forced tests, the excitation produced by different bells. Four bells are housed in the bell chamber, while four more bells are housed at a higher level. All the bells are directly connected to the tower so that their movement introduce an excitation swinging force to the tower. The accelerations at different points have been recorded by 11 piezoelectric accelerometers positioned at four levels of the bell tower. The results of the experimental tests have been analyzed in order to estimate the modal parameters of the tower and to calibrate a 3D finite element model of the tower useful to check the vulnerability of the tower.
Axiomatic Design and the Specification of Surface TopographiesDCEE2017
Christopher A. Brown.
Surfaces on architectural and civil engineering structures should often fulfill several functions, e.g., aesthetics, cleanability, heat transfer, and friction. A road or runway surface, for example, must satisfy two functional requirements (FRs): FR1) provide a comfortable ride without excessive vertical motion, and FR2) facilitate stopping and turning with sufficient friction. The FR1 requires smooth surface and FR2 favors rough. Suh’s axioms requires a DP for each FR. The DPs are physical attributes that fulfill the FRs. The complete design solution includes an integrated CEME (collectively exhaustive, mutually exclusive) decomposition hierarchy, from abstract to detailed, of the design problem. Pairs of FRs and their corresponding DPs, are related by design equations. Axiomatic design and multiscale analysis in surface metrology address these kinds of specifications.
Interdisciplinary challenges in design of windblown sand barriers around dese...DCEE2017
1) The document discusses interdisciplinary challenges in designing windblown sand barriers around desert railways. It involves fields like geomorphology, aeolian research, railway engineering, structural engineering, applied mathematics, fluid mechanics, granular mechanics, and wind engineering.
2) The project aims to develop effective sand mitigation measures (SMM) to address sand limit states that threaten railway operations through a phenomenon- and computational-based design approach.
3) The design process involves setting sand limit states, analyzing incoming windblown sand conditions, categorizing and designing potential SMMs, and assessing SMM performance through simulations and tests from conceptual design to implementation.
Innovative education: Information Asymmetry applied to Building Engineering a...DCEE2017
This document describes an experiment conducted by researchers from Politecnico di Milano and Politecnico di Torino to address students' sectorial approaches to complex issues in building engineering and architecture curricula. The experiment involved having student teams plan and budget a dinner for 20 people with €600, with one team having full information and the other receiving information gradually. The results showed that the team with full information from the start managed resources better. The researchers propose that introducing information asymmetry can help address students' tendency towards sectorial thinking and better prepare them for multidisciplinary problems.
Multidisciplinary workshop on building designDCEE2017
Giuseppe Desogus.
The presentation shows an innovative model of integrated workshop on building design. It is aimed at improving the students’ knowledge on the importance of a collaborative approach among both architectural and technical specialists. Such an approach once was adopted only for main architectural works. Nowadays, however, the increasing necessity of both structural (seismic) and energy performances of the buildings requires a more complex approach also in ordinary ones design.
The workshop is part of the course for the master degree in Architecture of the University of Cagliari. It is composed by three modules: Architectural Engineering, Structural Design and Physics Engineering. The single theory modules are less than an half of the semester. Most of the time is dedicated to a practical workshop in which the students are divided into groups and work on a assigned design theme. Last year it was the revisiting of three buildings designed by Mario de Renzi, one of the main architects of Italian modernism. The aim of the workshop is giving the students a first-hand experience on the importance that every choice on the architectural field has on structural and energy performance ones and vice versa.
The results are quite encouraging. The workshop constantly receives positive feedbacks in the students’ evaluation questionnaires and it is above the average rating of the course.
The main strength is the systemic approach that results in outputs that are far beyond what could have been done teaching the same subjects separately. In the future a new module on Building Information Modelling will be added to the workshop. It could give the possibility to better structure and manage the interactions between architectural and technical aspects.
An on-site teaching laboratory in a village damaged by the 2009 Abruzzo earth...DCEE2017
Linda Giresini.
This paper illustrates an on-site teaching laboratory that involved forty students of the School of Engineering at Pisa during the whole summers of 2010 and 2011. The activity consisted in a systematic survey of damages occurred in a small village after the 2009 Abruzzo earthquake and in the preparation of documents addressed to a reconstruction plan. The historical village of San Pio delle Camere (1000 inhabitants) was fully surveyed, including about 140 hypogean sites. Each student spent at least one month in these activities, funded by specific study grants provided by the Italian Tuscany Region. Teams of three-four students performed well-defined work packages, led by a tutor, who established roles and functions in the group. At the end of each day, the students discussed the progress made preparing also a weekly report. In the last phases, preliminary structural analyses were carried out to assess the seismic vulnerability of some relevant buildings, fully available to the students. The main results were published in a book presented in a workshop and used to set up the official reconstruction plan of the village. During this on-site laboratory, the students could experience the effects of the destructive earthquake on the population, visiting also the damaged surrounding towns and seeing with their own eyes many cases of structural collapse.
A didactical laboratory of structural engineering for bachelor civil engineer...DCEE2017
This document describes a didactical laboratory for structural engineering students at the University of Cagliari. The course was divided into two semesters, with the second semester involving an individual structural design project. Students were assigned similar plane frame structures with variations in measurements, locations, and uses. Working in groups with a tutor, students progressed through the design process over 12 sessions. This approach aimed to train students through the student-tutor relationship, student collaboration, and exposure to a real design project. Most students completed the project on time and achieved good evaluation results. The laboratory provided an effective way to apply theoretical knowledge in a practical setting.
A BIM-based approach to façade optimization: geometrical, economic, and prod...DCEE2017
Elena Seghezzi.
Façade optimization is a promising approach to reduce cost and improve production control in the building sector, especially considering complex buildings. In many cases, this optimization is focusing on energy and comfort aspects, with the goal of improving daylight quality and reducing energy consumption. These approaches represent a valuable support to façade design and engineering. However they lack consideration of construction and production related issues.
The goal of this paper is providing a methodology properly supporting façade optimization in a DfMA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) perspective. DfMA has proven to facilitate offsite manufacturing, lowering costs and improving speed and quality of construction, especially combined with BIM strategies.
A BIM-based methodology can help in setting parameters for the proper optimization of the façade, balancing production related needs and design requirements. The proposed method allows the exploration of alternatives (known as Design Optioneering) to optimize the choice of façade elements.
This method is based on a mathematical algorithm and script including parameters related to geometry, production waste management and designer’s needs. The proposed methodology has been tested on a newly built school in Northern Italy.
Experiences of teaching laboratories for civil engineering students on archae...DCEE2017
Mauro Sassu
A multi-year experience on structural rehabilitation of several archaeological sites was performed with a series of groups of MsC students in Civil Engineering of the University of Pisa. The activity was carried out from 2004 to 2012 and involved about forty students. The students were organized in groups of two, together with other students of faculty of Archaeology, with the task of overseeing teams of local workers engaged in rehabilitation activities. The activity was started by the teacher and by skilled civil engineers to establish the working phases. After a short course to receive the basic instructions to follow the established UNESCO procedure for consolidation, the students themselves conducted the works on site for a period of about four weeks. Together with the technical problems with the management of a construction site, they addressed the issue of language, as many Indian or Pakistani workers did not speak English, and the necessity to manage the activity arranging the groups in terms of compatibility and work capacity. The full-immersion in an Islamic country (Sultanate of Oman), in a security-protected situation, permitted to enable them to gain knowledge of places and people in depth, living in close contact with the Arab, Indian and Pakistani communities.
onvegno SPEKTRA da A2A - 28 maggio 2024 | COLLA Simone
Eventi meteorici estremi. La difesa di mura urbane di valore storico
1. GLI EVENTI METEORICI ESTREMI.
LA DIFESA DI MURA URBANE DI VALORE STORICO
Mauro Sassu
(DICAAR – Università degli studi di Cagliari)
CAGLIARI 30 novembre 2018
2. Un tema critico:
• La conservazione di mura urbane è una
ottimizzazione tra
a) Integrità strutturale
b) Integrità storico-costruttiva
3. Rischi congeniti:
• A) un eccesso di integrità strutturale può
portare alla perdita di caratteristiche storiche,
materializzate nel «libro di pietra» che è ogni
costruzione di valore storico.
• (Lo «strutturista prevale sullo storico»)
4. Rischi congeniti
• B) un eccesso di integrità storico-costruttiva
espone i manufatti al progressivo degrado
strutturale per mancanza o carenza di
consolidamenti efficaci.
• (Lo «storico prevale sullo strutturista»)
5. • Allo stato attuale si ha spesso la prevalenza
dello «storico sullo strutturista»
• In altri termini: le Soprintendenze ostacolano i
consolidamenti invasivi in nome dell’integrità
storica (sottendendo il fatto che «se una
costruzione è in piedi da secoli, questa è
automaticamente sicura»)
6. Collasso 1: Mura urbane di Pistoia – settembre 2011
Vista da V.le Arcadia Vista dal torrente Brana
7,0 m
11,0 m
50,0 m
7. Collasso di Pistoia – cause principali
• Tessitura scadente (pietre di fiume levigate dal
torrente Brana)
• Doppio paramento senza diatoni
• Malta di modeste caratteristiche
• Mura esili (h=11 m; b = 1,6 m)
• Mura con terrapieno spingente (h’= 7 m)
La semplice osservazione visiva delle mura
mostra l’accadimento di altri crolli nel passato
h’
h
8. Collasso 2: Torrione di Magliano in Toscana –
novembre 2012
Torrione nord-ovest prima del collasso
20 m
10. Torrione di Magliano in Toscana
• Il crollo è avvenuto solo pochi mesi dopo il
termine di lavori di restauro storico-artistico
11. Torrione di Magliano in Toscana
Torrione Nord-Ovest prima dei lavori di restauro storico-artistico
12. Torrione di Magliano in Toscana
Prima (sinistra) e dopo (destra) il restauro estetico del 2012
13. Torrione di Magliano in Toscana
Torrione Nord-Ovest: l’alta percentuale
di detriti sciolti testimonia la presenza di
malta scadente – novembre 2012
14. Collasso di Magliano in Toscana: cause principali
• Tessitura murarie irregolare
• Malta di modeste caratteristiche
• Muro con sezione verticale irregolare
(costruita su un costone roccioso con copertura
friabile)
• Smaltimento delle acque meteoriche
sommitali non accurato.
L’appalto di restauro storico-artistico
non ha preso in esame la opportunità
di effettuare un contestuale
consolidamento strutturale
15. Mura di Magliano in Toscana
Torre occidentale – 12 dicembre 2012
Il restauro è terminato ma la lesione,
semplicemente risarcita, continua ad essere
attiva (!!)
16. Collasso 3: Cana di Roccalbegna (GR) – ottobre 2013
Mura occidentali
prima del collasso
(si noti la rigogliosa
vegetazione
rampicante sul
paramento esterno…
chi annaffia questa
vegetazione?)
19. Cana di Roccalbegna
Facciata delle
zone adiacenti
il collasso
testimoniano
l’accadimento
di ripetute
ricostruzioni
(ovvero di altri
collassi
passati)
20. Cana di Roccalbegna: principali cause
del collasso
• Mura disomogenee, di scadente qualità e costruite con tecniche
vernacolari.
• Copiosa presenza d’acqua nel terrapieno retrostante, con carenza di
elementi drenanti.
• Nuova pavimentazione della piazzetta sommitale, senza connessioni
strutturali sul muro e scadente gestione delle acque meteoriche.
La ricostruzione della piazzetta, architettonicamente corretta, non è
stata accompagnata da opere di consolidamento delle mura.
28. Mura di Volterra: dettagli del collasso
Le mura sono solo apparentemente in buone condizioni
(sono state oggetto solo di un consolidamento corticale)
29. Mura di Volterra: cause principali
• Opere di interramento di una tubazione del
gas che ha costituito via preferenziale per le
acque meteoriche di filtrazione;
• Perdite fognarie varie a monte delle mura;
• Disattenzione sulle capacità di drenaggio e
smaltimento idrico delle acque delle mura
• Attenzione alle sole condizioni corticali
(aspetto estetico-artistico)
30. Collasso 5: Lo “Sperone” di Volterra
Lo Sperone prima del collasso –
(sostiene un’area di rilevante interesse
archeologico)
34. Conclusioni
La facciata storica del municipio di Volterra mostra cosa fare:
- Inserire molti incatenamenti, senza timori del loro impatto estetico
- Inserire molti fori drenanti, senza timori del loro impatto estetico
35. Conclusioni
• Accompagnare il restauro estetico con:
A) drenaggio delle acque superficiali sulle sommità
• B) fori drenanti nel corpo della murature ben
approfonditi nel terrapieno;
C) tiranti attivi o passivi, ben ancorati alle mura, ben
visibili per più facili controlli manutentivi (curandone
l’estetica) e ben ancorati nel terrapieno;
D) dove possibile, introdurre diatoni trasversali per
migliorare la connessione tra paramenti delle mura.