Thermography is a non-destructive testing method that uses infrared cameras to detect flaws in materials and structures. It can detect a range of defects by observing differences in surface temperatures caused by internal flaws. There are several types of thermography testing, including pulsed thermography, which quickly heats a material's surface and detects defects by observing temperature changes over time using an infrared camera. Thermography has advantages like being able to scan large areas quickly in a non-contact manner, but is limited in penetration depth to only a few millimeters beneath surfaces. It has applications in industries like aerospace, defense, and maintenance to identify issues in components.
Understanding the Role of Thermography in Energy Auditing: Current Practices...Matthew Louis Mauriello
Our talk at CHI2015 in Seoul, South Korea. Find more information at: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~mattm/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzCuvr8QB4U
Makeability Lab: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jonf/
ABSTRACT
The building sector accounts for 41% of primary energy consumption in the US, contributing an increasing portion of the country's carbon dioxide emissions. With recent sensor improvements and falling costs, auditors are increasingly using thermography-infrared (IR) cameras-to detect thermal defects and analyze building efficiency. Research in automated thermography has grown commensurately, aimed at reducing manual labor and improving thermal models. Though promising, we could find no prior work exploring the professional auditor's perspectives of thermography or reactions to emerging automation. To address this gap, we present results from two studies: a semi-structured interview with 10 professional energy auditors, which includes design probes of five automated thermography scenarios, and an observational case study of a residential audit. We report on common perspectives, concerns, and benefits related to thermography and summarize reactions to our automated scenarios. Our findings have implications for thermography tool designers as well as researchers working on automated solutions in robotics, computer science, and engineering.
THERMOGRAPHY AND EDDY CURRENT TESTING (ET)laxtwinsme
Thermography- Principles, Contact and non contact inspection methods, Techniques for applying liquid crystals, Advantages and limitation - infrared radiation and infrared detectors, Instrumentations and methods, applications. Eddy Current Testing-Generation of eddy currents, Properties of eddy currents, Eddy current sensing elements, Probes, Instrumentation, Types of arrangement, Applications, advantages, Limitations, Interpretation/Evaluation
Understanding the Role of Thermography in Energy Auditing: Current Practices...Matthew Louis Mauriello
Our talk at CHI2015 in Seoul, South Korea. Find more information at: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~mattm/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzCuvr8QB4U
Makeability Lab: http://www.cs.umd.edu/~jonf/
ABSTRACT
The building sector accounts for 41% of primary energy consumption in the US, contributing an increasing portion of the country's carbon dioxide emissions. With recent sensor improvements and falling costs, auditors are increasingly using thermography-infrared (IR) cameras-to detect thermal defects and analyze building efficiency. Research in automated thermography has grown commensurately, aimed at reducing manual labor and improving thermal models. Though promising, we could find no prior work exploring the professional auditor's perspectives of thermography or reactions to emerging automation. To address this gap, we present results from two studies: a semi-structured interview with 10 professional energy auditors, which includes design probes of five automated thermography scenarios, and an observational case study of a residential audit. We report on common perspectives, concerns, and benefits related to thermography and summarize reactions to our automated scenarios. Our findings have implications for thermography tool designers as well as researchers working on automated solutions in robotics, computer science, and engineering.
THERMOGRAPHY AND EDDY CURRENT TESTING (ET)laxtwinsme
Thermography- Principles, Contact and non contact inspection methods, Techniques for applying liquid crystals, Advantages and limitation - infrared radiation and infrared detectors, Instrumentations and methods, applications. Eddy Current Testing-Generation of eddy currents, Properties of eddy currents, Eddy current sensing elements, Probes, Instrumentation, Types of arrangement, Applications, advantages, Limitations, Interpretation/Evaluation
Infrared thermography (IR/T) as a condition monitoring technique is used to remotely gather thermal information for monitoring the condition of virtually all of the electrical components on an entire system and from generation to end user. When equipments operating under regular conditions, has a normal operating thermal signature which is typical of the specific component being inspected. Infrared thermography presents this normal signature or baseline to us. Once the baseline is established, IR/T will reveal the thermal variances deviating from the norm this localized thermal deviation can either be caused by an overheated condition or absence of heat. The information is reviewed and decisions are made for repair or to plot the temperature change over time and repair the component at a more opportune time. The information can be stored and fully analyzed at a later date providing complete computer aided predictive maintenance capabilities and trending.
Infrared Thermography is playing an increasingly important role in the prevention and control of visually undetectable maintenance problems. This technology allows us to detect overloaded circuits, faulty or high resistance connections, damaged fuses and clips, and other defective electrical components before they can cause expensive facility damage or production losses. Thermographic imagery helps to eliminate the risk of human injury and/or loss of life..Thermographic technology utilizes radiation emitted in the infrared light spectrum to image and measure thermal problems that are simply undetectable to the human eye. Without shutting down the equipment, or interfering with production, a thermographic inspection can detect problems in electrical panels, motor control centers, switchgear cabinets, disconnects, transformer bushings and terminations, and equipment control panels that may result in electrical fires, mechanical breakdowns, or significant business interruption.
What is MEMS?
Micro electro mechanical system is a technique of combining electrical and mechanical combinations together on a chip, to produce a system of miniature dimensions.
MEMS is a integration of a number micro components on a single chip which allow the microsystem to both sense and control the environment.
The components are integrated on a single chip using micro fabrication technologies.
Infrared thermography in civil engianeeringakashpadole
Infrared thermography is a modern non-destructive measuring method for the
examination of redeveloped and non-renovated buildings. Infrared cameras provide a means for
temperature measurement in building constructions from the inside as well as from the outside.
It has been shown that infrared thermography is applicable for insulation inspection, identifying
air leakage and heat losses sources, finding the exact position of heating tubes or for discovering
the reasons why mold, moisture is growing in a particular area, and it is also used in conservation
field to detect hidden characteristics, degradations of building structures. The paper titled
“INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS FOR BUILDING INVESTIGATION”
gives a brief description of the theoretical background of infrared thermography.
Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have been identified as one of the most promising technologies and will continue to revolutionize the industry as well as the industrial and consumer products by combining silicon-based microelectronics with micro-machining technology. All the spheres of industrial application including robots conception and development will be impacted by this new technology. If semiconductor microfabrication was contemplated to be the first micro-manufacturing revolution, MEMS is the second revolution. The paper reflects the results of a study about the state of the art of this technology and its future influence in the development of the construction industry. The interdisciplinary nature of MEMS utilizes design, engineering and manufacturing expertise from a wide and diverse range of technical areas including integrated circuit fabrication technology, mechanical engineering, materials science, electrical engineering, chemistry and chemical engineering, as well as fluid engineering, optics, instrumentation and packaging.
Smart Sensors for Infrastructure and Structural Health MonitoringJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how smart sensors are becoming more economically feasible and more widely used in infrastructure. This is enabling greater monitoring and self-healing of structures. Twenty years ago, it was improvements in MEMS, piezo-electric ceramics, and ultrasonic sensors that was enabling structural health monitoring. More recently, it has been improvements in fiber optic sensors, wireless sensors and RFID tags that are enabling this monitoring. Today, it is the falling cost of these components and their combination with more recently available ones such as ionomers (a type of polymer), carbon nano-tubes, and energy harvesters. Improvements in these sensors have enabled the absolute cost of sensors and their percentage of costs in for example bridges to fall over the last 20 years to fall. These trends are expected to continue and become applicable to a broader number of structures including buildings and vehicles.
Infrared thermography (IR/T) as a condition monitoring technique is used to remotely gather thermal information for monitoring the condition of virtually all of the electrical components on an entire system and from generation to end user. When equipments operating under regular conditions, has a normal operating thermal signature which is typical of the specific component being inspected. Infrared thermography presents this normal signature or baseline to us. Once the baseline is established, IR/T will reveal the thermal variances deviating from the norm this localized thermal deviation can either be caused by an overheated condition or absence of heat. The information is reviewed and decisions are made for repair or to plot the temperature change over time and repair the component at a more opportune time. The information can be stored and fully analyzed at a later date providing complete computer aided predictive maintenance capabilities and trending.
Infrared Thermography is playing an increasingly important role in the prevention and control of visually undetectable maintenance problems. This technology allows us to detect overloaded circuits, faulty or high resistance connections, damaged fuses and clips, and other defective electrical components before they can cause expensive facility damage or production losses. Thermographic imagery helps to eliminate the risk of human injury and/or loss of life..Thermographic technology utilizes radiation emitted in the infrared light spectrum to image and measure thermal problems that are simply undetectable to the human eye. Without shutting down the equipment, or interfering with production, a thermographic inspection can detect problems in electrical panels, motor control centers, switchgear cabinets, disconnects, transformer bushings and terminations, and equipment control panels that may result in electrical fires, mechanical breakdowns, or significant business interruption.
What is MEMS?
Micro electro mechanical system is a technique of combining electrical and mechanical combinations together on a chip, to produce a system of miniature dimensions.
MEMS is a integration of a number micro components on a single chip which allow the microsystem to both sense and control the environment.
The components are integrated on a single chip using micro fabrication technologies.
Infrared thermography in civil engianeeringakashpadole
Infrared thermography is a modern non-destructive measuring method for the
examination of redeveloped and non-renovated buildings. Infrared cameras provide a means for
temperature measurement in building constructions from the inside as well as from the outside.
It has been shown that infrared thermography is applicable for insulation inspection, identifying
air leakage and heat losses sources, finding the exact position of heating tubes or for discovering
the reasons why mold, moisture is growing in a particular area, and it is also used in conservation
field to detect hidden characteristics, degradations of building structures. The paper titled
“INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS FOR BUILDING INVESTIGATION”
gives a brief description of the theoretical background of infrared thermography.
Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have been identified as one of the most promising technologies and will continue to revolutionize the industry as well as the industrial and consumer products by combining silicon-based microelectronics with micro-machining technology. All the spheres of industrial application including robots conception and development will be impacted by this new technology. If semiconductor microfabrication was contemplated to be the first micro-manufacturing revolution, MEMS is the second revolution. The paper reflects the results of a study about the state of the art of this technology and its future influence in the development of the construction industry. The interdisciplinary nature of MEMS utilizes design, engineering and manufacturing expertise from a wide and diverse range of technical areas including integrated circuit fabrication technology, mechanical engineering, materials science, electrical engineering, chemistry and chemical engineering, as well as fluid engineering, optics, instrumentation and packaging.
Smart Sensors for Infrastructure and Structural Health MonitoringJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how smart sensors are becoming more economically feasible and more widely used in infrastructure. This is enabling greater monitoring and self-healing of structures. Twenty years ago, it was improvements in MEMS, piezo-electric ceramics, and ultrasonic sensors that was enabling structural health monitoring. More recently, it has been improvements in fiber optic sensors, wireless sensors and RFID tags that are enabling this monitoring. Today, it is the falling cost of these components and their combination with more recently available ones such as ionomers (a type of polymer), carbon nano-tubes, and energy harvesters. Improvements in these sensors have enabled the absolute cost of sensors and their percentage of costs in for example bridges to fall over the last 20 years to fall. These trends are expected to continue and become applicable to a broader number of structures including buildings and vehicles.
Thermal imaging technology in power drone inspectiAlbert2019
In the daily UAV power inspection, refinement inspection and troubleshooting, infrared thermal imaging have become an indispensable and important method.
A systematic procedure for the use of state feedback and output feedback to control
Induction motor is studied. The impact of which is to explore the advantages of feedback control
assuming that all the state variables are measurable. Feedback control is capable of being used for
asymptotic stability of the desired operating condition, for any load torque and for any initial
condition. A suitable model enables motor faults to be simulated and the change in corresponding
parameters to be predicted without physical experimentation. This project presents a
mathematical foundation and theoretical analysis of modeling and applications of induction
machines. A three-phase induction motor is simulated with fundamental equations. The
simulations results are presented for understanding purpose.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Infrared & Thermal Testing
Infra- is a Latin word means Below / Beyond.
Infrared (IR) is the Electromagnetic spectrum / radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light but shorter than microwave. Radiation having a wavelength between 700 nm and 1 mm.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
1. OML751 TESTING OF MATERIALS
ME8097 NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
AND EVALUATION
M.KARTHIKEYAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
AAA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, SIVAKASI
karthikeyan@aaacet.ac.in
2. UNIT I OVERVIEW OF NDT
1. NDT Versus Mechanical testing & Overview of Liquid penetrant
test
2. Overview of Magnetic particle test
3. Overview of Thermography test
4. Overview of Eddy current test
5. Overview of Ultrasonic test
6. Overview of Acoustic emission test
7. Overview of Radiographic test
8. Various physical characteristics of materials and their
applications in NDT.,
9. Visual inspection – Unaided and aided.
3. THERMOGRAPHY TESTING
INTRODUCTION:
Thermography is a non-contact, non-destructive testing method.
Used in the aerospace, defense and general engineering
industries to detect flaws in a variety of structures.
Thermographic inspection can be used over a large area.
Can detect a range of defects, including: Voids, Delaminations,
Corrosion, Porosity, Crack Propagation and Impact Damage.
4. TYPE 1
Every object with a temperature above the absolute zero point
(-273 °C) will emits infrared (IR) radiation.
But the human eye cannot identify this infrared (IR) radiation
due to its wavelength.
5. Thermal imager can detect this IR.
Its central element, the detector, is sensitive to IR radiation.
Based on the intensity of the IR radiation, it determines the
temperature of the object's surface, and makes it visible for the
human eye with a thermal image.
This process is referred to as thermography.
THERMAL IMAGER
6. In order to make the IR radiation visible, the detector records
it, converts it into an electric signal, and gives each signal a
certain colour which is then shown in the display of the thermal
imager.
In principle, thermal imagers thus translate wavelengths from
the infrared spectrum into wavelengths which are visible to the
human eye (colours).
INFRA RED
THERMOMETER
7.
8.
9. TYPE 2
The basic principle of thermographic NDT is that the flow of
heat from the surface of a solid is affected by internal flaws
such as disbonds, voids or inclusions.
10. TYPES
1. PULSED OR FLASH THERMOGRAPHY TEST
2. LOCKIN – THERMOGRPAHY
3. BURST VIBRO THERMOGRAPHY
4. LOCK IN VIBRO RHERMOGRAPHY
13. Pulse thermography is a non-destructive technique used to find
defects in aircraft and aerospace components.
Pulse thermography allows materials to be inspected very
quickly for near-surface defects and bonding weaknesses.
In pulse thermography the material to be inspected is heated
up equally using a very short heat pulse.
Defects, bonding faults and corrosion can be observed using a
thermographic camera on the surface.
17. ADVANTAGES
Large areas can be scanned fast.
Thermography is an area investigating technique, whereas
most of the other non-destructive methods are either point or
line testing methods.
This results in major savings in time, people, work and
machinery.
Thermographic device is risk-free, as it does not emit any
radiation;
It shows a visual picture so temperatures over a large area can
be compared
It is capable of catching moving targets in real time.
18. It is possible to predict the failure by observing the
temperature.
It can be used to measure or observe in areas inaccessible or
hazardous for other methods.
IR cameras are relatively easy to use.
Large electrical cabinets and whole electrical installations can
be quickly scanned.
The exact location of the potential problematic point can be
easily determined.
19. LIMITATIONS
It is not possible to penetrate in extended depths (only a few
mm's).
To interpret the results requires a certain experience and
knowledge.
Quality cameras often have a high price range
20. APPLICATIONS:
They are used by the police and military for night vision,
surveillance, and navigation aid;
by firemen and emergency rescue personnel for fire
assessment, and for search and rescue;
by the medical profession as a diagnostic tool; and
preventative maintenance,
processes control and
nondestructive testing.
21. defects in composite
It can be used to find defects in shafts, pipes, and other metal
or plastic parts.
It can be used to detect objects in dark areas.
It is capable of catching moving targets in real time.
It is possible to predict the failure by observing the
temperature.
It can be used to measure or observe in areas inaccessible or
hazardous for other methods.
Used in the aerospace, defense and general engineering
industries to detect flaws in a variety of structures.
Can detect a range of defects, including: Voids, Delaminations,
Corrosion, Porosity, Crack Propagation and Impact Damage.
22. Typical problems in electrical installations that can be detected
with infrared thermography include:
Connections that are loose, poorly installed, corroded etc.
Unbalanced loads.
Defective equipment.
Undersized conductors.
Overheated motors.
Overloaded circuits.
Potential fire hazards.
Worn components.
Thermal abnormalities in batteries.
23. Infrared Thermography is ..
1. a graphical representation of heat
2. an accurate measurement of temperature
3. a photographic representation of heat
MCQ - 1
24. Every object with a temperature above …….. will emits
infrared (IR) radiation.
1. 0°C
2. 300°C
3. 100°C
4. -273 °C
MCQ - 2
25. Wavelength of the is infrared (IR) radiation is
1. 550 nanometer
2. 580 nanometer
3. 600 nanometer
4. 450 nanometer
MCQ - 3
26. Ultrasonic waves are used in case of
1. LOCKIN – THERMOGRPAHY
2. PULSED OR FLASH THERMOGRAPHY
3. VIBRO THERMOGRAPHY
MCQ - 4
28. PART - A
1. Define thermography
2. What are the applications of thermography test?
PART - B
1. What are the methods available for checking in thermography?
Explain any one method
QUESTIONS