This document provides an introduction to information system security. It discusses key concepts like security, information security, vulnerabilities, threats, attacks, security policies, and security measures. The document outlines common security risks like interruption, interception, modification, masquerading, and repudiation. It explains that security policies provide guidelines for implementing security controls to protect information system assets from such risks according to the security principles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
This document provides an overview of information security risk management. It defines risk management as identifying risks, their owners, probability, impact, suitable mitigations, and contingency plans. The objectives of information security risk management are ensuring risks to confidentiality, integrity, availability, and traceability of information are effectively managed. Common problems with risk management include poor risk descriptions, ineffective mitigation actions, and a reactive rather than proactive approach. The document outlines identifying risks from sources like cloud computing and third parties, recording risks in a risk register, assigning owners, and monitoring mitigation progress.
The document discusses the CIA triad, which is a model for information security with three main goals: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Confidentiality ensures that sensitive information is only accessible to authorized individuals. Integrity ensures that information remains true and correct. Availability ensures that information and resources are accessible to those who need them. The CIA triad serves as a guide for measures to secure information systems and networks.
Port of Visakhapatnam is known as the "Eastern Gateway of India". The document discusses cyber security awareness and defines key terms like computer, cyber security, data, electronic form, electronic record, digital signature, and intermediary. It explains why cyber security is important, defines privacy and security in the context of information, and outlines common cyber attacks like denial of service attacks, DNS attacks, router attacks, sniffers, firewalls, and vulnerability scanners. The document also discusses network-based attacks, web attacks like phishing and pharming, email attacks, social network attacks, and types of malware like spam, cookies, adware, and spyware.
This document provides an overview of information security. It defines information and discusses its lifecycle and types. It then defines information security and its key components - people, processes, and technology. It discusses threats to information security and introduces ISO 27001, the international standard for information security management. The document outlines ISO 27001's history, features, PDCA process, domains, and some key control clauses around information security policy, organization of information security, asset management, and human resources security.
I apologize, upon further review I do not feel comfortable providing any personal information or clicking on links in this email, as it appears to be a phishing attempt. Some signs that make me suspicious include:
- Poor grammar and spelling errors
- Request for personal information without sufficient context or verification
- Urgency implied without reasonable justification
- Links to external sites instead of internal site for account updates
In the future, it's best to be cautious of unsolicited emails requesting personal details or actions, and to directly access accounts through bookmarked or previously used links rather than following links in emails. I recommend contacting the organization directly through verified official channels if you have any questions about the legitimacy of communications purporting to be from
This document discusses the evolution of cyber security and its growing importance. It covers how cyber security now impacts individuals, businesses, and geopolitics. The document also defines key cyber security terms and concepts, examines perspectives like threat management and information assurance, and argues that cyber security must take an integrated, holistic approach going forward. It concludes by noting that with modern society's growing digital interconnectedness, not taking a comprehensive view of cyber security may be the biggest risk.
This document discusses information security policies and their components. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to understand management's role in developing security policies and the differences between general, issue-specific, and system-specific policies. It then defines what policies, standards, and practices are and how they relate to each other. The document outlines the three types of security policies and provides examples of issue-specific and system-specific policies. It emphasizes that policies must be managed and reviewed on a regular basis to remain effective.
This presentation introduces cybersecurity fundamentals including tools, roles, operating system security, compliance frameworks, network security, and databases. It defines cyber security, discusses security and privacy categories of cyber crimes. It also provides types of cyber attacks and crimes by percentage, advantages of cyber security, and safety tips to prevent cyber crimes. References are included from Wikipedia, antivirus testing organizations, and cybersecurity blogs and forums.
This document provides an overview of information security risk management. It defines risk management as identifying risks, their owners, probability, impact, suitable mitigations, and contingency plans. The objectives of information security risk management are ensuring risks to confidentiality, integrity, availability, and traceability of information are effectively managed. Common problems with risk management include poor risk descriptions, ineffective mitigation actions, and a reactive rather than proactive approach. The document outlines identifying risks from sources like cloud computing and third parties, recording risks in a risk register, assigning owners, and monitoring mitigation progress.
The document discusses the CIA triad, which is a model for information security with three main goals: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Confidentiality ensures that sensitive information is only accessible to authorized individuals. Integrity ensures that information remains true and correct. Availability ensures that information and resources are accessible to those who need them. The CIA triad serves as a guide for measures to secure information systems and networks.
Port of Visakhapatnam is known as the "Eastern Gateway of India". The document discusses cyber security awareness and defines key terms like computer, cyber security, data, electronic form, electronic record, digital signature, and intermediary. It explains why cyber security is important, defines privacy and security in the context of information, and outlines common cyber attacks like denial of service attacks, DNS attacks, router attacks, sniffers, firewalls, and vulnerability scanners. The document also discusses network-based attacks, web attacks like phishing and pharming, email attacks, social network attacks, and types of malware like spam, cookies, adware, and spyware.
This document provides an overview of information security. It defines information and discusses its lifecycle and types. It then defines information security and its key components - people, processes, and technology. It discusses threats to information security and introduces ISO 27001, the international standard for information security management. The document outlines ISO 27001's history, features, PDCA process, domains, and some key control clauses around information security policy, organization of information security, asset management, and human resources security.
I apologize, upon further review I do not feel comfortable providing any personal information or clicking on links in this email, as it appears to be a phishing attempt. Some signs that make me suspicious include:
- Poor grammar and spelling errors
- Request for personal information without sufficient context or verification
- Urgency implied without reasonable justification
- Links to external sites instead of internal site for account updates
In the future, it's best to be cautious of unsolicited emails requesting personal details or actions, and to directly access accounts through bookmarked or previously used links rather than following links in emails. I recommend contacting the organization directly through verified official channels if you have any questions about the legitimacy of communications purporting to be from
This document discusses the evolution of cyber security and its growing importance. It covers how cyber security now impacts individuals, businesses, and geopolitics. The document also defines key cyber security terms and concepts, examines perspectives like threat management and information assurance, and argues that cyber security must take an integrated, holistic approach going forward. It concludes by noting that with modern society's growing digital interconnectedness, not taking a comprehensive view of cyber security may be the biggest risk.
This document discusses information security policies and their components. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to understand management's role in developing security policies and the differences between general, issue-specific, and system-specific policies. It then defines what policies, standards, and practices are and how they relate to each other. The document outlines the three types of security policies and provides examples of issue-specific and system-specific policies. It emphasizes that policies must be managed and reviewed on a regular basis to remain effective.
This presentation introduces cybersecurity fundamentals including tools, roles, operating system security, compliance frameworks, network security, and databases. It defines cyber security, discusses security and privacy categories of cyber crimes. It also provides types of cyber attacks and crimes by percentage, advantages of cyber security, and safety tips to prevent cyber crimes. References are included from Wikipedia, antivirus testing organizations, and cybersecurity blogs and forums.
The document provides information on techniques for keeping personal data private, such as limiting information provided on forms and not displaying phone numbers on checks. It also discusses threats like spyware, adware, spam, phishing, and social engineering. Major US privacy laws are summarized, with the earliest from 1970 regulating credit reporting and the most recent in 2006 concerning phone records privacy. The laws generally aim to restrict disclosure of personal information and give individuals access to records about them.
What is Information Security?
Information security means that the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information assets is maintained.
Confidentiality: This means that information is only used by people who are authorized to access it.
Integrity: It ensures that information remains intact and unaltered. Any changes to the information through malicious action, natural disaster, or even a simple innocent mistake are tracked.
Availability: This means that the information is accessible when authorized users need it.
Information Security Threats:
Most common types of information security threats are:
Theft of confidential information by hacking
System sabotage by hackers
Phishing and other social engineering attacks
Virus, spyware and malware
Social Media-the fraud threat
Theft of Confidential Information:
One of the major threat to information security is the theft of confidential data by hacking. This includes theft of employee information or theft of trade secrets and other intellectual property (IP).
Theft of Employee Information
Employee information includes credit card information, corporate credit card information, social security number , address, etc. It also includes theft of healthcare records as they contain personal information such date of birth, address, and name of relatives.
Theft of Trade Secrets and other Intellectual Property (IP)
Technology from various verticals including IT, aerospace, and telecommunications are constantly stolen by outsiders or insiders (industrial espionage). China is a growing offender as it continues to advance in technology relying on theft of international trade secrets and IP.
Piracy/copyright infringement.
Corporate business strategies including marketing strategies, product introduction strategies.
System Sabotage:
What is system sabotage?
Planting malware on networks of target organization and generating an enormous amount of transaction activity resulting in malfunction or crash of the system.
Who would perpetrate it?
System sabotage is usually committed by disgruntled ex-employees and by remote cyber-attackers for no particular reason.
The most sensational case of system sabotage: One of the recent examples is the sabotage of Sony PlayStation.
Phishing:
To obtain confidential data about individuals-customers, clients, employees or vendors that can be used to commit various types of identity fraud such as:
Opening bank accounts in victim’s name
Applying for loans in victim’s name
Applying for credit cards in victim’s name
Obtaining medical services in victims name (e-death)
Other kind of more sophisticated social engineering attacks include spear-phishing.
Spear-phishing targets specific individuals such as AP manger, controller, senior accountant to gain access to corporate bank accounts and transfer funds abroad.
Other threats include:
Smishing: Phishing via SMS (texting)
Vishing: Phishing via voice (phone)
Mobile hackin
This document discusses the need for information security. It covers threats to information security like human error, hackers, malware attacks, and natural disasters. The document is from an Illinois Institute of Technology course on information security and outlines objectives, threats, and examples of common threats like software attacks, intellectual property theft, and power outages. It aims to explain the business need for security and describe common information security threats.
The document introduces system security, defining it as protecting information system resources to preserve integrity, availability, and confidentiality. It discusses the CIA security triad of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, along with additional aspects of authenticity and accountability for complete security. The document defines key security terminology from RFC 2828 and covers security threats like interception, interruption, and modification. It also examines hardware, software, and data vulnerabilities that can threaten system security.
This slide provide various details regarding Information security. The Database its Advantage, Regarding DBMS, RDBMS, IS Design conderations. Various Cyber crime Techniques. Element of Information i.e Integrity, Availability , Classification of Threats. Information Security Risk Assessment. Four Stages of Risk Management. NIST Definition. Risk Assessment Methodologies. Security Risk Assessment Approach. Risk Mitigation Options. Categories of controls. Technical Controls etc.
Social engineering involves manipulating people into revealing confidential information through psychological tricks, deception or pretending to need access for legitimate reasons. Attackers use methods like pretexting, phishing and fake websites to obtain personally identifiable data, financial information, passwords and other sensitive details from targets like employees or customers. The impacts of social engineering can be significant, as demonstrated by a $80 million cyberattack on Bangladesh's central bank. To protect against social engineering, organizations should promote security awareness training to help people identify inappropriate requests and understand the risks of revealing private information.
This document discusses the importance of physical security to protect against attackers. It notes that while many companies focus on network security, physical theft or access can also compromise data. There are two types of attackers - those outside and inside an organization. Guidelines are provided to restrict physical access for outsiders through barriers, checkpoints, and patrols. For insiders, access controls like badge programs, guest monitoring, and equipment locking are recommended. Server rooms should have heightened security like cameras and limited authorized personnel to protect highly sensitive systems and data.
This document provides an overview of information security. It defines information security as protecting information systems, hardware, and data. It then describes different types of security including physical, personal, operations, communications, network, and information security. The document outlines several common threats to information systems such as unauthorized access, cyberespionage, malware, data leakage, mobile device attacks, social engineering, insiders, phishing, spam, and identity theft. It recommends various controls for protecting information systems, including data security plans, access controls, encryption, backups, and employee training.
Human Factors in Cyber Security: User authentication as a use caseShujun Li
Invited 3-hour tutorial as an invited guest speaker at the 2017 Summer School on "Human Factor in Systems Safety and Security", organized by the Department of Computing and Informatics, Bournemouth University, UK and sponsored by the IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) Society. Delivered on 7 July 2017.
This document provides an introduction to information security. It outlines the objectives of understanding information security concepts and terms. The document discusses the history of information security beginning with early mainframe computers. It defines information security and explains the critical characteristics of information, including availability, accuracy, authenticity, confidentiality and integrity. The document also outlines approaches to implementing information security and the phases of the security systems development life cycle.
This document summarizes different types of cyber attacks. It describes web-based attacks like SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and denial of service attacks. It also outlines system-based attacks such as viruses, worms, and trojan horses. Additionally, it covers methods that can assist attacks, including spoofing, sniffing, and port scanning. The goal of the document is to provide an overview of common cyber attacks and threats that exist in the cyber world.
The document discusses various cybersecurity attack vectors and how organizations can protect themselves. It outlines common attack methods like ransomware, malicious code delivery, social engineering, and phishing. It then recommends that organizations conduct regular security audits, establish governance policies, create an incident response plan, and provide cybersecurity education to employees. The document promotes cybersecurity services from Future Point of View including vulnerability testing, forensics, and training to help organizations enhance their protections.
The document outlines an agenda for an information security essentials workshop. It discusses key topics like the principles of information security around confidentiality, integrity and availability. It also covers security governance structures, roles and responsibilities, risk management, information system controls and auditing information security. The objectives are to provide an overview of information security, describe approaches to auditing it, and discuss current trends.
This document discusses cyber security. It begins by defining cyber security as the body of technologies, processes, and practices designed to protect networks, devices, programs, and data from attacks, damage, or unauthorized access. It notes that cyber security is important because organizations collect, store, and process unprecedented amounts of data that needs protection. Some common cyber threats discussed include cyberterrorism, cyberwarfare, cyberspionage, and attacks targeting critical infrastructure, networks, applications, cloud systems, and internet of things devices. The document also examines cyber attack life cycles and common prevention methods.
This document discusses network security. It defines network security and outlines some key security challenges such as many networks experiencing security breaches. It then discusses why security has become more important over time due to more dangerous hacking tools and the roles of security changing. The document outlines various security issues, goals, components, data classification approaches, security controls, and addressing security breaches. It stresses the importance of a comprehensive security policy and approach.
Attacks can come in many forms like viruses, worms, trojans, spam, adware, malware and phishing. Hackers intentionally access computer resources without authorization. Denial-of-service attacks overload servers to deny users access. While early hackers were curious, today's criminals dominate attacks. On the horizon, cyberterrorism and cyberwarfare from governments could cause widespread damage. Security is primarily a management issue involving risk analysis and comprehensive protection across assets, access control, firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and host hardening through vulnerability testing.
This document provides an introduction to information security. It defines information security as the protection of information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction. The document outlines some key threats to information security like destruction, disclosure and modification of data. It also discusses the goals of information security - confidentiality, integrity, availability and authenticity - and common threats that relate to each goal. Additionally, the document covers security aspects like data security, computer security and network security and provides basic measures to enhance security in each area.
1. Protection and security are mechanisms used in operating systems to control access to resources and safeguard them from threats. Protection focuses on internal threats while security addresses external threats.
2. Protection involves setting and changing access permissions for resources and checking access for users. Security involves authenticating users, adding/removing them, and using anti-malware software to protect from external threats.
3. A security model like the access matrix model defines the set of subjects, objects, and access rules to represent an organization's security policy for controlling access between users and resources.
Developing an Information Security ProgramShauna_Cox
The document discusses the components and development of an effective information security program. It outlines that an information security program is needed due to factors like regulatory requirements, sophisticated attacks, and the strategic importance of security. The key components of an effective program include executive commitment, policies and procedures, monitoring processes and metrics, governance structure, and security awareness training. The document also describes standard methodologies and outlines the typical development process of plan, implement, operate and maintain, and monitor and evaluate.
Information system and security controlCheng Olayvar
The document discusses information system security controls and risks. It outlines 7 criteria that information systems should meet, including effectiveness, efficiency, confidentiality and integrity. It also describes different business risks to information systems like strategic risk, security risk and legal risk. Finally, it discusses various security measures that can be implemented like policies, firewalls, passwords and encryption to protect information systems and mitigate risks.
The document discusses ISO 27001, an international standard for information security management systems (ISMS). It describes what an ISMS is, the benefits of ISO 27001 certification, and provides an overview of the methodology for implementing an ISO 27001-compliant ISMS, including defining security policies, conducting risk assessments, developing procedures, performing internal audits, and becoming certified.
The document provides information on techniques for keeping personal data private, such as limiting information provided on forms and not displaying phone numbers on checks. It also discusses threats like spyware, adware, spam, phishing, and social engineering. Major US privacy laws are summarized, with the earliest from 1970 regulating credit reporting and the most recent in 2006 concerning phone records privacy. The laws generally aim to restrict disclosure of personal information and give individuals access to records about them.
What is Information Security?
Information security means that the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information assets is maintained.
Confidentiality: This means that information is only used by people who are authorized to access it.
Integrity: It ensures that information remains intact and unaltered. Any changes to the information through malicious action, natural disaster, or even a simple innocent mistake are tracked.
Availability: This means that the information is accessible when authorized users need it.
Information Security Threats:
Most common types of information security threats are:
Theft of confidential information by hacking
System sabotage by hackers
Phishing and other social engineering attacks
Virus, spyware and malware
Social Media-the fraud threat
Theft of Confidential Information:
One of the major threat to information security is the theft of confidential data by hacking. This includes theft of employee information or theft of trade secrets and other intellectual property (IP).
Theft of Employee Information
Employee information includes credit card information, corporate credit card information, social security number , address, etc. It also includes theft of healthcare records as they contain personal information such date of birth, address, and name of relatives.
Theft of Trade Secrets and other Intellectual Property (IP)
Technology from various verticals including IT, aerospace, and telecommunications are constantly stolen by outsiders or insiders (industrial espionage). China is a growing offender as it continues to advance in technology relying on theft of international trade secrets and IP.
Piracy/copyright infringement.
Corporate business strategies including marketing strategies, product introduction strategies.
System Sabotage:
What is system sabotage?
Planting malware on networks of target organization and generating an enormous amount of transaction activity resulting in malfunction or crash of the system.
Who would perpetrate it?
System sabotage is usually committed by disgruntled ex-employees and by remote cyber-attackers for no particular reason.
The most sensational case of system sabotage: One of the recent examples is the sabotage of Sony PlayStation.
Phishing:
To obtain confidential data about individuals-customers, clients, employees or vendors that can be used to commit various types of identity fraud such as:
Opening bank accounts in victim’s name
Applying for loans in victim’s name
Applying for credit cards in victim’s name
Obtaining medical services in victims name (e-death)
Other kind of more sophisticated social engineering attacks include spear-phishing.
Spear-phishing targets specific individuals such as AP manger, controller, senior accountant to gain access to corporate bank accounts and transfer funds abroad.
Other threats include:
Smishing: Phishing via SMS (texting)
Vishing: Phishing via voice (phone)
Mobile hackin
This document discusses the need for information security. It covers threats to information security like human error, hackers, malware attacks, and natural disasters. The document is from an Illinois Institute of Technology course on information security and outlines objectives, threats, and examples of common threats like software attacks, intellectual property theft, and power outages. It aims to explain the business need for security and describe common information security threats.
The document introduces system security, defining it as protecting information system resources to preserve integrity, availability, and confidentiality. It discusses the CIA security triad of confidentiality, integrity, and availability, along with additional aspects of authenticity and accountability for complete security. The document defines key security terminology from RFC 2828 and covers security threats like interception, interruption, and modification. It also examines hardware, software, and data vulnerabilities that can threaten system security.
This slide provide various details regarding Information security. The Database its Advantage, Regarding DBMS, RDBMS, IS Design conderations. Various Cyber crime Techniques. Element of Information i.e Integrity, Availability , Classification of Threats. Information Security Risk Assessment. Four Stages of Risk Management. NIST Definition. Risk Assessment Methodologies. Security Risk Assessment Approach. Risk Mitigation Options. Categories of controls. Technical Controls etc.
Social engineering involves manipulating people into revealing confidential information through psychological tricks, deception or pretending to need access for legitimate reasons. Attackers use methods like pretexting, phishing and fake websites to obtain personally identifiable data, financial information, passwords and other sensitive details from targets like employees or customers. The impacts of social engineering can be significant, as demonstrated by a $80 million cyberattack on Bangladesh's central bank. To protect against social engineering, organizations should promote security awareness training to help people identify inappropriate requests and understand the risks of revealing private information.
This document discusses the importance of physical security to protect against attackers. It notes that while many companies focus on network security, physical theft or access can also compromise data. There are two types of attackers - those outside and inside an organization. Guidelines are provided to restrict physical access for outsiders through barriers, checkpoints, and patrols. For insiders, access controls like badge programs, guest monitoring, and equipment locking are recommended. Server rooms should have heightened security like cameras and limited authorized personnel to protect highly sensitive systems and data.
This document provides an overview of information security. It defines information security as protecting information systems, hardware, and data. It then describes different types of security including physical, personal, operations, communications, network, and information security. The document outlines several common threats to information systems such as unauthorized access, cyberespionage, malware, data leakage, mobile device attacks, social engineering, insiders, phishing, spam, and identity theft. It recommends various controls for protecting information systems, including data security plans, access controls, encryption, backups, and employee training.
Human Factors in Cyber Security: User authentication as a use caseShujun Li
Invited 3-hour tutorial as an invited guest speaker at the 2017 Summer School on "Human Factor in Systems Safety and Security", organized by the Department of Computing and Informatics, Bournemouth University, UK and sponsored by the IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC) Society. Delivered on 7 July 2017.
This document provides an introduction to information security. It outlines the objectives of understanding information security concepts and terms. The document discusses the history of information security beginning with early mainframe computers. It defines information security and explains the critical characteristics of information, including availability, accuracy, authenticity, confidentiality and integrity. The document also outlines approaches to implementing information security and the phases of the security systems development life cycle.
This document summarizes different types of cyber attacks. It describes web-based attacks like SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and denial of service attacks. It also outlines system-based attacks such as viruses, worms, and trojan horses. Additionally, it covers methods that can assist attacks, including spoofing, sniffing, and port scanning. The goal of the document is to provide an overview of common cyber attacks and threats that exist in the cyber world.
The document discusses various cybersecurity attack vectors and how organizations can protect themselves. It outlines common attack methods like ransomware, malicious code delivery, social engineering, and phishing. It then recommends that organizations conduct regular security audits, establish governance policies, create an incident response plan, and provide cybersecurity education to employees. The document promotes cybersecurity services from Future Point of View including vulnerability testing, forensics, and training to help organizations enhance their protections.
The document outlines an agenda for an information security essentials workshop. It discusses key topics like the principles of information security around confidentiality, integrity and availability. It also covers security governance structures, roles and responsibilities, risk management, information system controls and auditing information security. The objectives are to provide an overview of information security, describe approaches to auditing it, and discuss current trends.
This document discusses cyber security. It begins by defining cyber security as the body of technologies, processes, and practices designed to protect networks, devices, programs, and data from attacks, damage, or unauthorized access. It notes that cyber security is important because organizations collect, store, and process unprecedented amounts of data that needs protection. Some common cyber threats discussed include cyberterrorism, cyberwarfare, cyberspionage, and attacks targeting critical infrastructure, networks, applications, cloud systems, and internet of things devices. The document also examines cyber attack life cycles and common prevention methods.
This document discusses network security. It defines network security and outlines some key security challenges such as many networks experiencing security breaches. It then discusses why security has become more important over time due to more dangerous hacking tools and the roles of security changing. The document outlines various security issues, goals, components, data classification approaches, security controls, and addressing security breaches. It stresses the importance of a comprehensive security policy and approach.
Attacks can come in many forms like viruses, worms, trojans, spam, adware, malware and phishing. Hackers intentionally access computer resources without authorization. Denial-of-service attacks overload servers to deny users access. While early hackers were curious, today's criminals dominate attacks. On the horizon, cyberterrorism and cyberwarfare from governments could cause widespread damage. Security is primarily a management issue involving risk analysis and comprehensive protection across assets, access control, firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and host hardening through vulnerability testing.
This document provides an introduction to information security. It defines information security as the protection of information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction. The document outlines some key threats to information security like destruction, disclosure and modification of data. It also discusses the goals of information security - confidentiality, integrity, availability and authenticity - and common threats that relate to each goal. Additionally, the document covers security aspects like data security, computer security and network security and provides basic measures to enhance security in each area.
1. Protection and security are mechanisms used in operating systems to control access to resources and safeguard them from threats. Protection focuses on internal threats while security addresses external threats.
2. Protection involves setting and changing access permissions for resources and checking access for users. Security involves authenticating users, adding/removing them, and using anti-malware software to protect from external threats.
3. A security model like the access matrix model defines the set of subjects, objects, and access rules to represent an organization's security policy for controlling access between users and resources.
Developing an Information Security ProgramShauna_Cox
The document discusses the components and development of an effective information security program. It outlines that an information security program is needed due to factors like regulatory requirements, sophisticated attacks, and the strategic importance of security. The key components of an effective program include executive commitment, policies and procedures, monitoring processes and metrics, governance structure, and security awareness training. The document also describes standard methodologies and outlines the typical development process of plan, implement, operate and maintain, and monitor and evaluate.
Information system and security controlCheng Olayvar
The document discusses information system security controls and risks. It outlines 7 criteria that information systems should meet, including effectiveness, efficiency, confidentiality and integrity. It also describes different business risks to information systems like strategic risk, security risk and legal risk. Finally, it discusses various security measures that can be implemented like policies, firewalls, passwords and encryption to protect information systems and mitigate risks.
The document discusses ISO 27001, an international standard for information security management systems (ISMS). It describes what an ISMS is, the benefits of ISO 27001 certification, and provides an overview of the methodology for implementing an ISO 27001-compliant ISMS, including defining security policies, conducting risk assessments, developing procedures, performing internal audits, and becoming certified.
Information system development
Presented by
Sanoob Sidiq
Sandra Madhu
Visakh Anand
for IT for Managers
MBA (FT) 2014 - 2016
School of Management Studies, CUSAT
SECURITY & CONTROL OF INFORMATION SYSTEM (Management Information System)Biswajit Bhattacharjee
This document discusses information system security and controls. It begins by defining an information system as the organized collection, processing, transmission, and spreading of information according to defined procedures. Security policies, procedures, and technical measures are used to prevent unauthorized access, alteration, theft, or damage to information systems. Controls ensure the safety of organizational assets, accuracy of records, and adherence to management standards. The document then examines principles of security including confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It also discusses system vulnerabilities, threats, and various security measures.
Proprietary software refers to commercial software where the source code is closed, and users must purchase a license to use it. Open source software is free to use and modify as the source code is publicly available. Some key differences are that open source software can be modified by users and distributed freely, while proprietary software must be purchased from the vendor and the source code is not accessible to users. Examples of each type of software were provided.
Security & control in management information systemOnline
The document discusses security concepts in information systems including prevention of unauthorized access, modification, and deletion of information. It outlines unintentional threats like human error and intentional threats like criminal attacks. The goals of information security are prevention, detection, and response. Risks to applications and data include computer crime, hacking, cyber-theft, unauthorized work use, software piracy, and viruses/worms. Risks to hardware include natural disasters, blackouts, and vandalism. Major defense strategies are encryption, authentication, firewalls, email monitoring, antivirus software, backup files, security monitors, and biometric controls. The document also discusses disaster recovery, business recovery plans, and general controls to minimize errors and disasters.
This document discusses information security, which involves defending information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption or destruction. It outlines two major aspects of information security - IT security, which involves securing technology and information systems, and information assurance, which ensures data is not lost due to issues like natural disasters. The document also discusses common threats to information systems like unauthorized access, malware and social engineering. It provides security controls to protect systems, including physical controls to restrict access, technical controls using software and hardware, and administrative controls like security policies.
Planning, design and implementation of information systemsOnline
The document outlines the stages in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), including system investigation, analysis, design, implementation, maintenance and evaluation. It describes the key activities in each phase such as conducting feasibility studies, gathering functional requirements, designing the user interface and data structures, testing the system, and ongoing maintenance. Alternative approaches like prototyping are also covered, which allow for rapid development and user feedback early in the process.
System Development Life Cycle & Implementation of MISGeorge V James
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC) and implementation of management information systems (MIS). It describes the six main stages of the SDLC as investigation, analysis, design, development, implementation, and maintenance. For MIS implementation, it lists four methods: installing a new system, cutting over from an old system, cutting over in segments, or operating systems in parallel before cutting over. It then provides 14 steps for MIS implementation, including planning, acquiring hardware/software, testing, training users, and providing ongoing system maintenance.
Information security involves protecting information systems, hardware, and data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction. The primary goals of information security, known as the CIA triad, are confidentiality, integrity and availability. Information is classified into different types like public, private, confidential and secret depending on who can access it and the potential damage of unauthorized access. Security also involves protecting physical items, individuals, operations, communications, networks and information assets.
During the growth of a competitive global environment, there is considerable pressure on most organisations to make their operational, tactical, and strategic process more efficient and effective.
An information system (IS) is a group of components which can increase the competitiveness and gain better information for decision making. Consequently, many organisations decide to implement IS in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their organisations
Information systems have become a major function area of business administration. The systems, nowadays, plays a vital role in the e-business and e-commerce operations, enterprise collaboration and management, and strategic success of the business
This document discusses basic security concepts, including definitions of security, assets, and the principle of easiest penetration. It describes three classifications of protection: prevention, detection, and reaction. Examples are given for physical and cyber security. The goals of security are defined as integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Common security threats are interruption, interception, modification, and fabrication. Vulnerabilities in computing systems can occur in data, software, hardware, and exposed assets. Methods of defense include encryption, software/hardware controls, policies, and physical controls. System access control and data access control are important methods for making systems secure using identification, authentication, and access authorization.
This document discusses basic security concepts. It defines security as protecting computing assets like hardware, software, data and people. There are three types of protection: prevention, detection, and reaction. Prevention methods like locks and firewalls stop damage from occurring. Detection methods like alarms and monitoring find problems. Reaction allows recovering from damage through measures like replacing stolen items or recovering fraudulent charges. The document also discusses security threats, vulnerabilities, and different methods of defense like access controls, encryption, policies and procedures.
The document summarizes key concepts from the book "Computer Security: Principles and Practice" by Stallings, Brown, and Bauer. It defines computer security as measures that ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information systems. It outlines threats to computer security like unauthorized disclosure, deception, disruption, and usurpation. It also defines security terminology like attacks, vulnerabilities, risks, and countermeasures. The document presents models for understanding computer security and the relationships between threats, vulnerabilities, attacks, and assets.
This document provides an introduction to basic security concepts, including definitions of security, principles of penetration, and classifications of protection. It discusses goals of security including integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Common security threats are also outlined such as interruption, interception, modification, and fabrication. The document then covers methods of defense for computer security including access controls, encryption, policies, physical controls, and system design approaches. Identification and authentication methods are described for system access control. Data access control and access rights models are also summarized.
The document provides an introduction to computer security including:
- The basic components of security such as confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
- Common security threats like snooping, modification, and denial of service attacks.
- Issues with security including operational challenges and human factors.
- An overview of security policies, access control models, and security models like Bell-LaPadula and Biba.
This document provides an overview and introduction to cryptography and network security. It outlines key concepts like confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It also describes standards organizations, different types of security attacks and services, and security mechanisms. Models for network security and access are presented, which involve selecting appropriate identification and access control functions.
The document discusses a technology and security class. It provides an agenda that covers IT news, an exam follow-up, and a focus on security. Under security news, it lists several recent computer virus and hacking incidents. It then discusses common security myths and holds a quick security assessment activity. The rest of the document outlines various security topics like definitions of security concepts, security risks, protection methods, and ways to assess security risks. It emphasizes the importance of backups, strong passwords, and keeping systems updated with patches.
Information security involves protecting information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. It includes measures to ensure information availability, accuracy, authenticity, confidentiality and integrity. Network security aims to secure network components, connections and contents through authentication, encryption, firewalls and vulnerability patching in a continuous process of securing, monitoring, testing and improving security. Key related terms include assets, threats, vulnerabilities, risks, attacks, and countermeasures.
This document discusses legal, ethical, and professional issues in information security. It begins by outlining the objectives and outcomes of the lesson, which are to understand these issues. It then provides an overview of security needs like ensuring business continuity, threats like human error and cyber attacks, and how businesses rely on information security to protect functionality, applications, data, and technology assets. Examples of common attacks are also described like malware, backdoors, password cracking, and spoofing. The document emphasizes understanding security needs and threats to make informed decisions about protecting an organization's information.
Vulnerabilities are weaknesses that can be exploited, threats are potential for harm or loss, and controls block vulnerabilities. The main security goals are confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and systems. There are many types of vulnerabilities including hardware, software, and data vulnerabilities. Computer criminals come in many forms from amateur hackers to career criminals and terrorists who may use computers as targets or tools. Controls like encryption can help address vulnerabilities but must be used properly along with other security measures.
This document discusses network security and defines key concepts. It explains that security aims to protect confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. The main pillars of security are the CIA triangle of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Vulnerabilities are weaknesses that can be exploited by threats to carry out attacks, which aim to intercept, interrupt, modify or fabricate information. Common attacks include eavesdropping, cryptanalysis, password pilfering through guessing, social engineering, dictionary attacks and password sniffing. Controls work to reduce vulnerabilities and block threats to prevent harm.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information security from a lecture on security concepts. It defines security as keeping the possibility of threats low, and discusses specialized security areas like physical, personal, communications, network, and data security. It also defines computer security as protecting computer systems, hardware, software, data and information from threats. The document then examines common security vulnerabilities, threats, and the vulnerability-threat-control paradigm. It discusses goals of security like confidentiality, integrity and availability.
This document provides an overview of a computer and network security course. It discusses what topics will and won't be covered, including security threats, protocols, cryptography, and practical security issues but not advanced cryptography or computer networks. It also defines key security concepts like the CIA triad of confidentiality, integrity and availability. Additional topics covered include security attacks, services, and mechanisms like encryption, authentication, access control and intrusion detection.
This document provides an overview of a computer and network security course. It discusses what topics will and won't be covered, including security threats, protocols, cryptography, and practical security issues but not advanced cryptography or computer networks. It also defines key security concepts like the CIA triad of confidentiality, integrity and availability. Additional topics covered include security attacks, services, and mechanisms like encryption, authentication, access control and intrusion detection.
This document provides an introduction to information security concepts. It defines information security as protecting information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption or destruction. The key aspects of information security are confidentiality, integrity and availability. Basic security terminology like identification, authentication, access control and confidentiality are explained. Common network vulnerabilities like weak passwords, protocol design flaws, and unauthorized access through modems are also discussed. The importance of network security is to protect company assets, gain competitive advantage and ensure regulatory compliance.
Security information for internet and securitySomesh Kumar
The document discusses various security threats to information technology systems and assets. It covers common types of threats such as hacking, malware, and social engineering attacks. It also discusses vulnerabilities in hardware, software, networks, physical sites, and personnel. The document outlines features of IT security including confidentiality, integrity and availability. It provides examples of protective measures organizations can take including strong access control, keeping software updated, network protection, employee training, and backups.
Ethical hacking is becoming more popular with the rise of the internet and other tech-fueled society. SCODE Network offers Ethical hacking training courses with live projects by an expert trainer.
Ethical hacking is becoming more popular with the rise of the internet and other tech-fueled society. Hackers are increasingly becoming more prevalent and ethical hackers help keep our society safe from attacks. SCODE Network offers Ethical hacking training courses with live projects by an expert trainer.
This document provides an introduction to computer security and security trends. It discusses the need for security as information has become a strategic asset for organizations. The main aspects of security are prevention, detection, and reaction. It then covers key security concepts like confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication, access control, and non-repudiation. The document also examines common security threats like viruses, worms, intruders, insiders, criminal organizations, terrorists, and information warfare and how they can attack systems.
Information security, sometimes shortened to InfoSec, is the practice of defending information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction. It is a general term that can be used regardless of the form the data may take (e.g. electronic, physical)
Similar to Information System Security(lecture 1) (20)
This document discusses anonymous connections and onion routing. It describes how onion routing allows senders and receivers to communicate anonymously through intermediate nodes called onion routers. It outlines the steps of defining a route, constructing an anonymous connection and onion, moving the onion through the connection, and destroying the connection. The purpose of onion routing is to protect the anonymity of network users and make communications resistant to eavesdropping and other attacks.
This document provides an overview of opinion mining and sentiment analysis. It defines opinion mining as attempting to automatically determine human opinion from natural language text. It discusses some key applications, such as classifying reviews and understanding public opinion. The document also outlines some challenges, such as understanding context and differing domains. It then describes common models for sentiment analysis, including preparing data, analyzing reviews linguistically, and classifying sentiment using techniques like machine learning classifiers.
WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) is a protocol that allows users to access information and services on the internet using handheld wireless devices like mobile phones. It uses a layered architecture and protocols like WSP, WTP, and WTLS to enable wireless internet access via technologies like GSM, CDMA, and UMTS networks. WAP was designed to work with microbrowsers and uses the markup language WML instead of HTML to optimize content for small screens and low bandwidth connections.
USB 3.0 allows for much faster data transfer speeds of up to 5Gbps, which is 10 times faster than USB 2.0. It includes improvements like increased power delivery and more efficient data streaming. USB 3.0 is backward compatible with previous standards and uses an additional set of pins in its connectors to separate the SuperSpeed signals from the standard USB 2.0 ones. The specification also optimized power efficiency through asynchronous notifications and lower idle power requirements.
Blue eye is a personal area network system intended to monitor an operator's brain and physiological conditions to avoid disasters from human error. It consists of a data acquisition unit with sensors that connects via Bluetooth to a central system unit software on a PC. The central system unit analyzes the sensor data through different modules and logs the results for offline review, applying security measures like encryption and access rights. Potential applications include power plant control rooms, ship bridges, aircraft control centers, and professional driving to ensure constant operator attention through brain and health monitoring. The technology may eventually allow interaction with computers like interacting with other people through eye and voice commands of everyday devices.
This document discusses security issues related to cloud computing. It begins by defining cloud computing and describing common cloud service and deployment models. It then outlines traditional security problems like data loss, downtime, and malware that still apply in cloud environments. New issues introduced by cloud characteristics like virtualization, multi-tenancy, and elastic scaling are also examined, such as virtualization vulnerabilities and lack of network perimeter control. The document concludes by focusing on data security challenges involving confidentiality, integrity and availability of data in transit, at rest, and in use within cloud platforms. Homomorphic encryption is presented as a potential solution for securely outsourcing computation on encrypted data.
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Web applications are increasingly targeted by cyber criminals. This document proposes solutions to common web application attacks like SQL injection (SQLIA) and cross-site request forgery (CSRF). It suggests encrypting sensitive data to prevent SQLIA and using secret cross-site request forgery tokens for each request to block unauthorized form submissions and prevent CSRF. An example e-commerce application called Instant Media is presented to demonstrate these vulnerabilities. The proposed solutions aim to enhance web security without additional overhead.
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This document proposes a system to organize user search histories into query groups for web personalization. The system has four main modules: 1) a query group module that computes query groups from search histories, 2) a search history module that stores user search queries and clicks over time, 3) a query relevance module that calculates relevance between queries, and 4) a dynamic query grouping module that uses a similarity function to dynamically group queries. The goal is to better understand users' search contexts and tailor their search experiences.
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This document proposes a framework for detecting and resolving firewall policy anomalies. It first identifies policy conflicts by segmenting the packet space. It then generates action constraints based on a risk assessment and works to resolve conflicts by reordering rules to satisfy the constraints. Finally, it aims to eliminate redundant rules by analyzing the properties of rule subspaces. The overall goal is to provide an innovative approach for managing firewall policy anomalies.
This document discusses the architecture and workings of the BitTorrent protocol. It begins with an introduction and overview of other file transfer methods. The key components of the BitTorrent system are then explained, including the torrent file, tracker, peers, and client software. The document outlines how BitTorrent uses a decentralized structure and tit-for-tat data exchange between peers to efficiently distribute file pieces across the network with no single point of failure.
This document summarizes research on predictive modeling and analytics applied to time series data. It discusses using linear and nonlinear models like GARCH and neural networks to forecast electricity demand and stock prices. The research focuses on comparing the accuracy of GARCH, ARIMA, SARIMA and neural network models. It also evaluates using PMML to deploy predictive models. Data is collected on electricity consumption and stock prices to test and analyze the performance of the different predictive modeling techniques.
This document provides an overview of security challenges and solutions in ad hoc networks. It discusses topics like authentication, key management, secure routing, cooperation between nodes, wireless sensor networks, and intrusion detection systems. The main challenges outlined are the lack of centralized control, dynamic topology, resource constraints of nodes, and vulnerability of wireless links. Lightweight, distributed, reactive, and fault-tolerant approaches are needed to address these challenges.
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This document discusses TCP performance over mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with an overview of TCP and how it was designed for wired networks. In MANETs, TCP faces challenges from node mobility, which can cause network partitions and route changes. It also discusses how lower network layers like the MAC layer and routing protocols can impact TCP. Several solutions are presented to improve TCP for MANETs, including modifying TCP to better handle mobility-related issues and providing it feedback to distinguish route failures from congestion.
The document discusses directional antennas and their use in ad hoc networks. It covers topics like antenna concepts including gain, radiation pattern and beam width. It also discusses the evolution of directional antenna systems from sectorized to smart antennas. Key advantages of using directional antennas are higher capacity, connectivity and coverage range. The document outlines issues with using directional antennas in ad hoc networks, including new types of hidden terminals, deafness problems, and directional neighborhood concepts. It also discusses broadcasting and routing protocols in the context of directional antennas.
The document discusses wireless personal area networks (WPANs) and Bluetooth technology. It provides an overview of Bluetooth, including its history and applications. Key technical aspects of Bluetooth are covered, such as piconets, scatternets, and the different link types. The document also compares WPAN standards and technologies like Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15, and discusses their performance.
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1. Information System SecurityInformation System Security
Lecture 1Lecture 1
Introduction to Information SystemIntroduction to Information System
SecuritySecurity
2. 22
OutlineOutline
1.1. What is Security?What is Security?
2.2. What is Information Security?What is Information Security?
3.3. Why Information System Security?Why Information System Security?
4.4. Vulnerability, Threat and AttackVulnerability, Threat and Attack
5.5. Security PoliciesSecurity Policies
6.6. Security MeasuresSecurity Measures
7.7. Security RequirementsSecurity Requirements
8.8. Security ServicesSecurity Services
9.9. Security MechanismsSecurity Mechanisms
3. 33
1. What is security?1. What is security?
SecuritySecurity:: protecting general assetsprotecting general assets
Security can be realized through:Security can be realized through:
1.1. PreventionPrevention: take measures that prevent your assets from being damaged.: take measures that prevent your assets from being damaged.
2.2. DetectionDetection: take measures so that you can detect when, how, and by: take measures so that you can detect when, how, and by
whom an asset has been damaged.whom an asset has been damaged.
3.3. ReactionReaction: take measures so that you can recover your assets or to recover: take measures so that you can recover your assets or to recover
from a damage to your assetsfrom a damage to your assets
Examples: next slideExamples: next slide
There are many branches of Security: national security,There are many branches of Security: national security,
economic security,economic security, information securityinformation security, etc., etc.
4. 44
ExamplesExamples
Ex. 1 - Private propertyEx. 1 - Private property
– Prevention: locks at doors, window bars, walls around the property.Prevention: locks at doors, window bars, walls around the property.
– Detection: stolen items aren’t there any more, burglar alarms, CCTV, …Detection: stolen items aren’t there any more, burglar alarms, CCTV, …
– Reaction: call the police,…Reaction: call the police,…
5. 55
ExamplesExamples
Ex. 2 - eCommerceEx. 2 - eCommerce
– Prevention: encrypt your orders, rely on the merchant to perform checksPrevention: encrypt your orders, rely on the merchant to perform checks
on the caller,…on the caller,…
– Detection: an unauthorized transaction appears on your credit cardDetection: an unauthorized transaction appears on your credit card
statementstatement
– Reaction: complain, ask for a new credit card number, …Reaction: complain, ask for a new credit card number, …
6. 66
2. What is Information Security?2. What is Information Security?
Information securityInformation security:: is concerned with protecting informationis concerned with protecting information
and information resources such as: books, faxes, computer data,and information resources such as: books, faxes, computer data,
voice communications, etc.voice communications, etc.
Information security isInformation security is determining:determining:
whatwhat needs to be protected,needs to be protected, i.e.i.e., assets, assets
andand whywhy (Security requirements which include CIA),(Security requirements which include CIA),
whatwhat needs to be protected from (Threats, vulnerabilities, risks),needs to be protected from (Threats, vulnerabilities, risks),
andand howhow (Security measures) to protect it for as long as it exists(Security measures) to protect it for as long as it exists
– Security measures which are implemented according to a security policySecurity measures which are implemented according to a security policy
7. 77
3. What is Information System3. What is Information System
Security (ISS)?Security (ISS)?
InformationInformation
SystemsSystems
(assets)(assets)Security
Measures
Attackers
Policies
Taken from K. Martin’s
lecture, RHUL
8. 88
Information System SecurityInformation System Security
ISS is concerned with protecting Information systemISS is concerned with protecting Information system
assets such as PCs, software, applications, etc.assets such as PCs, software, applications, etc.
In order to ensure the security of Information Systems, weIn order to ensure the security of Information Systems, we
need to determine:need to determine:
1.1. Assets (i.e., Information systems) to be protectedAssets (i.e., Information systems) to be protected
2.2. Security requirements; CIASecurity requirements; CIA
3.3. Threats, vulnerabilities, risksThreats, vulnerabilities, risks
4.4. Security policiesSecurity policies
5.5. Security measuresSecurity measures
9. 99
4. Vulnerability, Threat and4. Vulnerability, Threat and
AttackAttack
AA vulnerabilityvulnerability: is a weakness in system design or: is a weakness in system design or
implementation and can be in hardware or software.implementation and can be in hardware or software.
– Example: a software bug exists in the OS, or no password rules are set.Example: a software bug exists in the OS, or no password rules are set.
AA threatthreat::
– Is a set of circumstances that has the potential to cause loss or harmIs a set of circumstances that has the potential to cause loss or harm
– is an indication of potential undesirable eventis an indication of potential undesirable event
– It refers to a situation in whichIt refers to a situation in which
a person could do something undesirable (an attacker initiating a denial-of-a person could do something undesirable (an attacker initiating a denial-of-
service attack against an organization's email server), orservice attack against an organization's email server), or
a natural occurrence could cause an undesirable outcome (a fire damaging ana natural occurrence could cause an undesirable outcome (a fire damaging an
organization's information technology hardware).organization's information technology hardware).
10. 1010
4. Vulnerability, Threat and4. Vulnerability, Threat and
AttackAttack
AA RiskRisk is the possibility of suffering harm or loss.is the possibility of suffering harm or loss.
AnAn attackattack: is a realization of a threat: is a realization of a threat
AnAn attackerattacker: is a person who exploit a vulnerability: is a person who exploit a vulnerability
An attacker must have means, opportunity, and motiveAn attacker must have means, opportunity, and motive
– Synonyms: enemy, adversary, opponent, eavesdropper, intruderSynonyms: enemy, adversary, opponent, eavesdropper, intruder
11. 1111
Vulnerability, Attack and ThreatVulnerability, Attack and Threat
AA hackerhacker::
– A person who have advanced knowledge of operating systems andA person who have advanced knowledge of operating systems and
programming languagesprogramming languages
– Might discover holes within systems and the reasons for such holesMight discover holes within systems and the reasons for such holes
– Share what they discover but never intentionally damage dataShare what they discover but never intentionally damage data
AA crackercracker::
– The one who breaks into or violates the system integrity of remoteThe one who breaks into or violates the system integrity of remote
machines with the malicious intent, i.e., gaining unauthorized accessmachines with the malicious intent, i.e., gaining unauthorized access
– Might destroy vital data, deny legitimate users servicesMight destroy vital data, deny legitimate users services
AA passive adversarypassive adversary is an adversary who is capable only ofis an adversary who is capable only of
reading from an unsecured channelreading from an unsecured channel
AnAn active adversaryactive adversary is an adversary who may also transmit, alter,is an adversary who may also transmit, alter,
or delete information on an unsecured channelor delete information on an unsecured channel
12. 1212
Common security attacksCommon security attacks
InterruptionInterruption, delay, denial of receipt or denial of service, delay, denial of receipt or denial of service
– System assets or information become unavailable or are rendered unavailableSystem assets or information become unavailable or are rendered unavailable
Interception or snoopingInterception or snooping
– Unauthorized party gains access to information by browsing through files orUnauthorized party gains access to information by browsing through files or
reading communications.reading communications.
Modification or alterationModification or alteration
– Unauthorized party changes information in transit or information stored forUnauthorized party changes information in transit or information stored for
subsequent access.subsequent access.
Masquerade or spoofingMasquerade or spoofing
– Spurious information is inserted into the system or network by making it appearsSpurious information is inserted into the system or network by making it appears
as if it is from a legitimate entity.as if it is from a legitimate entity.
Repudiation of originRepudiation of origin
– False denial that an entity created something.False denial that an entity created something.
13. 1313
5. Security Policy5. Security Policy
AA security policysecurity policy states what is, and is not, allowedstates what is, and is not, allowed
Is a document describing a company’s security controls andIs a document describing a company’s security controls and
activities.activities.
Does not specify technologies.Does not specify technologies.
Examples:Examples:
– Policy: Password constructionPolicy: Password construction Account names must not be used inAccount names must not be used in
passwords.passwords.
– Policy: Confidentiality of Personal informationPolicy: Confidentiality of Personal information all personalall personal
information must be treated as confidential.information must be treated as confidential.
A security Policy is a guideline for implementing securityA security Policy is a guideline for implementing security
measures.measures.
14. 1414
6. Security measures6. Security measures
Security measuresSecurity measures include techniques for ensuring:include techniques for ensuring:
– Prevention: such asPrevention: such as encryptionencryption,, user authenticationuser authentication,, one timeone time
passwordpassword,, anti-virusanti-virus,, firewalfirewall, etc.l, etc.
– Detection: such asDetection: such as IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems)IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems), Monitoring tools,, Monitoring tools,
Firewall log,Firewall log, digital signaturedigital signature, etc., etc.
– Reaction (or recovery): Such as Backup systems, OS’s recovery points,Reaction (or recovery): Such as Backup systems, OS’s recovery points,
etc.etc.
Encryption (lectures 2 & 3)Encryption (lectures 2 & 3)
Digital Signature (lecture 4)Digital Signature (lecture 4)
User Authentication (lecture 5)User Authentication (lecture 5)
Antivirus (lecture 7)Antivirus (lecture 7)
IDS and firewalls (Lectures 8 & 9)IDS and firewalls (Lectures 8 & 9)
Database security
(lecture 6)
15. 1515
7. Security Requirements7. Security Requirements
Most important security requirements are:Most important security requirements are:
– ConfidentialityConfidentiality: keeping information secret from all but those: keeping information secret from all but those
who are authorized to see it.who are authorized to see it.
Also called secrecy or privacyAlso called secrecy or privacy
– IntegrityIntegrity: ensuring information has not been altered by: ensuring information has not been altered by
unauthorized or unknown means.unauthorized or unknown means.
– AvailabilityAvailability :: keeping information accessible by authorized userskeeping information accessible by authorized users
when requiredwhen required
16. 1616
Security RequirementsSecurity Requirements
Other requirements:Other requirements:
– Entity authenticationEntity authentication :: corroboration of the identity of an entitycorroboration of the identity of an entity
(e.g., a person, a credit card, etc.)(e.g., a person, a credit card, etc.)
Identification, identity verificationIdentification, identity verification
– Message authenticationMessage authentication : corroborating the source of: corroborating the source of
information; also known asinformation; also known as data origin authenticationdata origin authentication..
Message authentication implicitly provides data integrityMessage authentication implicitly provides data integrity
– Digital SignatureDigital Signature : a means to bind information to an entity: a means to bind information to an entity
– Non-repudiationNon-repudiation:: preventing the denial of previous commitmentspreventing the denial of previous commitments
or actionsor actions
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Security RequirementsSecurity Requirements
– AuthorizationAuthorization : conveyance, to another party, of official sanction: conveyance, to another party, of official sanction
to do or to be something.to do or to be something.
– Access controlAccess control: restricting access to resources to privileged: restricting access to resources to privileged
entities.entities.
– ValidationValidation: a means to provide timeliness of authorization to use: a means to provide timeliness of authorization to use
or manipulate information or resources.or manipulate information or resources.
These Requirements are referred to asThese Requirements are referred to as ISS objectivesISS objectives
(another definition of ISS)(another definition of ISS)..
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8. Security services8. Security services
AnAn information security serviceinformation security service is a method to provide someis a method to provide some
specific aspects of securityspecific aspects of security
– ExamplesExamples
Confidentiality is a security objective (requirement), encryption is anConfidentiality is a security objective (requirement), encryption is an
information security serviceinformation security service
Integrity is another security objective (requirement), a method to ensureIntegrity is another security objective (requirement), a method to ensure
integrity is a security service.integrity is a security service.
BreakingBreaking a security service implies defeating the objective ofa security service implies defeating the objective of
the intended service.the intended service.
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9. Security mechanisms9. Security mechanisms
AA security mechanismsecurity mechanism encompasses Protocols, algorithms,encompasses Protocols, algorithms,
Non-cryptographic techniques (hardware protection) toNon-cryptographic techniques (hardware protection) to
achieve specific security objectives (confidentiality, integrity,achieve specific security objectives (confidentiality, integrity,
…).…).
Information security : Is more than setting up a firewall, running an anti-virus software, using passwords to control access to databases, or discovering vulnerabilities in your system software. Is determining: what needs to be protected, i.e. , assets such as PCs, softwares, applications, etc. Why assets need protection , i.e., s ecurity requirements such as Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (C.I.A.) what it needs to be protected from (e.g., threats, vulnerabilities, risks), how to protect assets, i.e., what security measures we need to protect assets Security measures include techniques for: Prevention: techniques, to prevent occurrence of threats, such as encryption, firewalls, etc. Detection: techniques, to discover illegal actions, or attempted illegal access, such as IDSs (Intrusion Detection Systems), monitoring tools, etc. Reaction or recovery: techniques to minimizes the damages and restore the CIA of damages assets (eg, backup of systems). Security measures are an implementation of a security policy.
Vulnerabilities: is a weakness in system design or implementation and can be in hardware or software. hardware accidental: fires, floods, mice malicious: fires, theft software: accidental: Bugs (buffer overflows), bad design (fails to an insecure state) Malicious: deletion, spyware, trojans, A Threat is an indication of a potential undesirable event. It refers to a situation in which either a person could do something undesirable (e.g., initiating a denial-of-service attack against an organization's email server) or a natural occurrence could cause an undesirable outcome (a fire damaging an organization's information technology hardware). A Risk is the possibility of suffering harm or loss. It refers to a situation in which either a person could do something undesirable or a natural occurrence could cause an undesirable outcome resulting in a negative impact or consequence.
Vulnerabilities: is a weakness in system design or implementation and can be in hardware or software. hardware accidental: fires, floods, mice malicious: fires, theft software: accidental: Bugs (buffer overflows), bad design (fails to an insecure state) Malicious: deletion, spyware, trojans, A Threat is an indication of a potential undesirable event. It refers to a situation in which either a person could do something undesirable (e.g., initiating a denial-of-service attack against an organization's email server) or a natural occurrence could cause an undesirable outcome (a fire damaging an organization's information technology hardware). A Risk is the possibility of suffering harm or loss. It refers to a situation in which either a person could do something undesirable or a natural occurrence could cause an undesirable outcome resulting in a negative impact or consequence.
Denail: A refusal to comply with or satisfy a request Snooping : To pry into the private affairs of others Masquerade: to go about as if in disguise Spoofing: to deceive Spurious: not genuine or false Repudiation: the refusal to acknowledge a contract or debt
Lectures 2 – 5 explain how to use cryptography as security measures. Lecture 6 shows another way to implement database-related security measures.
ISS is about keeping confidentiality, integrity, and availability
ISS is about keeping confidentiality, integrity, and availability
ISS is about keeping confidentiality, integrity, and availability