This document discusses network security. It defines network security and outlines some key security challenges such as many networks experiencing security breaches. It then discusses why security has become more important over time due to more dangerous hacking tools and the roles of security changing. The document outlines various security issues, goals, components, data classification approaches, security controls, and addressing security breaches. It stresses the importance of a comprehensive security policy and approach.
Network security involves protecting computer networks from threats. It targets a variety of threats to stop them from entering or spreading on a network. The objectives of network security are access, confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation. As networks became more common in the 1980s and 1990s, security concerns increased and organizations like CERT were created to address issues. Network security uses multiple layers including firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, antivirus software, and encryption to secure networks from threats.
Network security is important to protect vital information while allowing authorized access. Key aspects of network security include identifying vulnerabilities, threats like hackers and methods of attack, and implementing appropriate countermeasures. Common attacks include password attacks, viruses, and packet sniffing. Effective countermeasures include firewalls to control access, intrusion detection systems to monitor for exploits, IPsec and encryption to secure communications, and user education to address social engineering vulnerabilities. Comprehensive security requires backups, encryption, virus protection, firewalls, monitoring, training, and testing defenses.
While computer systems today have some of the best security systems ever, they are more vulnerable than ever before.
This vulnerability stems from the world-wide access to computer systems via the Internet.
Computer and network security comes in many forms, including encryption algorithms, access to facilities, digital signatures, and using fingerprints and face scans as passwords.
This document provides an overview of operating system security. It discusses the key components and functions of an operating system including multitasking, resource management, user interfaces, and more. It then examines the security environment of an operating system including services, files, memory, authentication, authorization, and vulnerabilities. Finally, it outlines best practices for securing an operating system such as installing only necessary software, configuring users and permissions properly, applying patches and updates, and performing regular security monitoring, backups and testing.
Network security involves protecting computer networks from unauthorized access. It aims to achieve access control, confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation. Throughout history, as hacking and crimes emerged in the 1980s and the Internet became public in the 1990s, security concerns increased tremendously. Network security employs multiple layers including physical security, perimeter protection, user training, encryption, and firewalls among other hardware and software components. As threats continue to evolve, the field of network security must also evolve rapidly to protect information and system resources.
How To Learn The Network Security
Slide berikut merupakan slide yang berisikan dasar-dasar bagi kita dalam memahami konsep keamanan jaringan komputer, baik dari sisi inftrastruktur, teknologi dan paradigma bagi pengguna.
Materi yang diberikan sudah disusun oleh Pakar yang merupakan Trainer CEH dan memang berkompeten dibidang keamanan jaringan.
Slide ini saya dapatkan dari beliau saat mengikut training Certified Computer Security Officer (CCSO) dan Certified Computer Security Analyst (CCSA) dari beliau.
Semoga bermanfaat sebagai acuan bagi kita untuk belajar tentang keamanan jaringan komputer.
Terimakasih
A firewall is hardware or software that protects private networks and computers from unauthorized access. There are different types of firewalls including packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls work by inspecting packets and determining whether to allow or block them based on rules. They can protect networks and devices from hackers, enforce security policies, and log internet activity while limiting exposure to threats. However, firewalls cannot protect against insider threats, new types of threats, or viruses. Firewall configurations should be tested to ensure they are properly blocking unauthorized traffic as intended.
Network security involves protecting computer networks from threats. It targets a variety of threats to stop them from entering or spreading on a network. The objectives of network security are access, confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation. As networks became more common in the 1980s and 1990s, security concerns increased and organizations like CERT were created to address issues. Network security uses multiple layers including firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, antivirus software, and encryption to secure networks from threats.
Network security is important to protect vital information while allowing authorized access. Key aspects of network security include identifying vulnerabilities, threats like hackers and methods of attack, and implementing appropriate countermeasures. Common attacks include password attacks, viruses, and packet sniffing. Effective countermeasures include firewalls to control access, intrusion detection systems to monitor for exploits, IPsec and encryption to secure communications, and user education to address social engineering vulnerabilities. Comprehensive security requires backups, encryption, virus protection, firewalls, monitoring, training, and testing defenses.
While computer systems today have some of the best security systems ever, they are more vulnerable than ever before.
This vulnerability stems from the world-wide access to computer systems via the Internet.
Computer and network security comes in many forms, including encryption algorithms, access to facilities, digital signatures, and using fingerprints and face scans as passwords.
This document provides an overview of operating system security. It discusses the key components and functions of an operating system including multitasking, resource management, user interfaces, and more. It then examines the security environment of an operating system including services, files, memory, authentication, authorization, and vulnerabilities. Finally, it outlines best practices for securing an operating system such as installing only necessary software, configuring users and permissions properly, applying patches and updates, and performing regular security monitoring, backups and testing.
Network security involves protecting computer networks from unauthorized access. It aims to achieve access control, confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation. Throughout history, as hacking and crimes emerged in the 1980s and the Internet became public in the 1990s, security concerns increased tremendously. Network security employs multiple layers including physical security, perimeter protection, user training, encryption, and firewalls among other hardware and software components. As threats continue to evolve, the field of network security must also evolve rapidly to protect information and system resources.
How To Learn The Network Security
Slide berikut merupakan slide yang berisikan dasar-dasar bagi kita dalam memahami konsep keamanan jaringan komputer, baik dari sisi inftrastruktur, teknologi dan paradigma bagi pengguna.
Materi yang diberikan sudah disusun oleh Pakar yang merupakan Trainer CEH dan memang berkompeten dibidang keamanan jaringan.
Slide ini saya dapatkan dari beliau saat mengikut training Certified Computer Security Officer (CCSO) dan Certified Computer Security Analyst (CCSA) dari beliau.
Semoga bermanfaat sebagai acuan bagi kita untuk belajar tentang keamanan jaringan komputer.
Terimakasih
A firewall is hardware or software that protects private networks and computers from unauthorized access. There are different types of firewalls including packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls work by inspecting packets and determining whether to allow or block them based on rules. They can protect networks and devices from hackers, enforce security policies, and log internet activity while limiting exposure to threats. However, firewalls cannot protect against insider threats, new types of threats, or viruses. Firewall configurations should be tested to ensure they are properly blocking unauthorized traffic as intended.
Network security involves implementing physical and software measures to protect a network from unauthorized access and enable authorized access. It aims to maintain confidentiality of data, integrity of data, availability of resources, and privacy of personal data. Key aspects of network security include encryption to scramble data, firewalls to control access to networks, and securing wireless networks through standards like WPA2. Common security processes also involve backing up data regularly, using access controls like passwords, and encrypting data during storage and transmission.
This document discusses different types of firewalls and how they work. It begins by explaining that firewalls come in many shapes and sizes, and sometimes a firewall is a collection of computers. All communication must pass through the firewall. It then discusses packet filters, stateful packet inspection engines, application gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Packet filters use transport layer information like IP addresses and port numbers to filter traffic. Stateful packet filters track client-server sessions to match return packets. Application gateways run proxy programs that filter traffic at the application layer. Circuit-level gateways filter traffic at the circuit level. A combination of these is known as a dynamic packet filter. The document also discusses additional firewall functions like network address
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, different types, basic concepts, their role, advantages, and disadvantages. It defines a firewall as a program or device that filters network traffic between the internet and a private network based on a set of rules. The document discusses software vs hardware firewalls and different types like packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. It also covers the history of firewalls, their design goals, and how they concentrate security and restrict access to trusted machines only.
This document provides an introduction to cyber security. It defines cyber security as protecting cyberspace from attacks, and defines a cyber attack. It explains that cyberspace is where online communication occurs, via the internet. Cyber security is important because it affects everyone who uses computers and networks. Cyber security training is needed to establish human controls. Cyber attacks can target businesses, governments, institutions and individuals. Attackers include hackers, criminals, spies and nation-states who use methods like malware, social engineering, and network attacks. Defenders of cyber security include ICT teams, security vendors, manufacturers, and governments. Information systems and quality data are important assets to protect. Emerging cyber threats include cloud services, ransomware, spear ph
This document discusses denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It defines DoS as making a machine or network unavailable to its intended users. DDoS uses other computers to launch the attack. Methods of attack mentioned include ICMP floods, teardrop attacks, and reflected/spoofed attacks. Signs of an attack include slow network performance. The document provides tips for system administrators and users, such as contacting providers and following security best practices, to mitigate attacks.
Network security involves protecting a network and its data through hardware and software that manages access and blocks threats. It combines multiple layers of defenses at the edge and within the network, implementing policies and controls to authorize access for users while blocking malicious actors. Network security protects proprietary information, reputation, and allows organizations to securely deliver digital services that customers and employees demand. It utilizes various technologies including access control, antivirus software, firewalls, intrusion prevention, and more.
This document summarizes the key endpoint protection capabilities provided by Sophos, including:
- Securing endpoints against threats like malware, ransomware and data loss across applications, web, email and devices.
- Active protection technologies that use machine learning to identify emerging threats in real-time.
- Features like intrusion prevention, firewall, encryption and patch management to harden security.
- Centralized management console for deploying and maintaining protection across all endpoints and platforms with minimal complexity and user impact.
In this PPT you can learn a firewall and types which help you a lot and you can able to understand. So, that you must read at once I sure that you are understand
Thank you!!!
I
This document discusses distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It begins by defining a DDoS attack as an attempt to make an online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. It then explains how DDoS attacks work by exploiting vulnerable systems to create large networks of compromised devices that can be directed by an attacker to target a specific system or server. Finally, it discusses different types of DDoS attacks including volumetric attacks, protocol attacks, and application layer attacks and some famous DDoS incidents like attacks on the Church of Scientology and various websites.
This document provides an overview of intrusion detection systems (IDS). It begins with an introduction that defines intrusion, intrusion detection, and IDS. It then discusses the history and typical scenarios of intrusions. The document outlines different types of attacks and what an IDS is supposed to do in detecting them. It classifies IDS based on detection approach and protected system, covering network/host-based detection. The advantages and disadvantages of different IDS types are presented. Commonly used open source and commercial IDS are listed, with Snort discussed in more detail. References for further information are provided at the end.
This document discusses cyber security. It defines cyber security as technologies and processes designed to protect computers, networks, and data from unauthorized access and attacks over the internet. The three core principles of cyber security are confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Several types of cyber attacks are described such as malware, phishing, and denial of service attacks. Major historical cyber attacks are outlined including the Morris Worm in 1988 and the Anthem hack in 2015 that breached 80 million records. Common attack patterns and measures to prevent cyber attacks like using complex passwords and encryption are also summarized.
Network security threats are increasing as more people and devices connect to networks. The document identifies ten major network security threats: viruses and worms, Trojan horses, spam, phishing, packet sniffers, maliciously coded websites, password attacks, hardware loss and data fragments, shared computers, and zombie computers/botnets. Each threat is described and potential solutions are provided, such as using security software to block viruses, encryption to prevent packet sniffing, and intrusion prevention systems to counter botnets. Network security managers face ongoing challenges due to the variety of threats and lack of solutions for some issues like password attacks.
Bots are malicious programs that infect computers without the owner's permission and join networks of infected machines called botnets. Botnets are then used by cybercriminals to carry out illegal activities like spamming, denial of service attacks, and identity theft. Criminals infect machines using techniques like exploiting vulnerabilities on websites or getting users to download Trojan horse programs disguised as other files. The bots communicate with command and control servers operated by the criminals to receive instructions. Activities facilitated by botnets include large-scale spamming, hosting phishing websites, and distributed denial of service attacks.
This document discusses denial of service (DoS) attacks, including their history and types. It explains that a DoS attack is a malicious attempt to deny service to customers of a target site or network. The first major DoS attack was the 1988 Morris Worm, which infected 10% of internet computers and cost millions to clean up. Common types of DoS attacks are penetration attacks, eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks, and flooding attacks, which overwhelm a target with traffic. While nothing can entirely prevent DoS attacks, defenses include firewalls, routers, switches, bandwidth limitations, and keeping systems patched. The document concludes that future DoS attacks may aim for broad destabilization rather
This document provides an introduction to information security. It defines information security as the protection of information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction. The document outlines some key threats to information security like destruction, disclosure and modification of data. It also discusses the goals of information security - confidentiality, integrity, availability and authenticity - and common threats that relate to each goal. Additionally, the document covers security aspects like data security, computer security and network security and provides basic measures to enhance security in each area.
This document discusses basic concepts in computer security. It defines computer security as techniques for ensuring data cannot be read or compromised without authorization, usually through encryption and passwords. The three main goals of computer security are confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Vulnerabilities are weaknesses that can be exploited, and threats are circumstances with potential to cause harm. Common threats include interception, interruption, modification, and fabrication. Controls are protective measures used to reduce vulnerabilities, and physical security and security methods like antivirus software and firewalls can help secure computers.
This document discusses network security and firewalls. It defines security threats as risks that can harm computer systems, and notes that network security covers technologies, devices, and processes to protect network integrity, confidentiality, and accessibility. It describes how firewalls monitor incoming and outgoing traffic to block malicious traffic, and explains the importance of network security for trust, protection from malware, and secure online transactions.
Network security (vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks)Fabiha Shahzad
Network security involves protecting network usability and integrity through hardware and software technologies. It addresses vulnerabilities that threats may exploit to launch attacks. Common vulnerabilities include issues with technologies, configurations, and security policies. Threats aim to take advantage of vulnerabilities and can be structured, unstructured, internal, or external. Common attacks include reconnaissance to gather information, unauthorized access attempts, denial-of-service to disrupt availability, and use of malicious code like worms, viruses, and Trojan horses.
Information security involves protecting information systems, hardware, and data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction. The primary goals of information security, known as the CIA triad, are confidentiality, integrity and availability. Information is classified into different types like public, private, confidential and secret depending on who can access it and the potential damage of unauthorized access. Security also involves protecting physical items, individuals, operations, communications, networks and information assets.
Cyber attacks can take several forms, including cyber fraud aimed at monetary gain, cyber spying to obtain private information, cyber stalking and bullying to frighten or intimidate individuals, cyber assault to cause damage through malware or denial of service attacks, and cyber warfare between nation states seeking to disrupt critical infrastructure through digital means.
1. Formulate a testing plan with the client to identify systems to evaluate and the scope of testing allowed.
2. Remotely or locally access the target systems to find vulnerabilities by simulating common attacks.
3. Report any found vulnerabilities to the client along with recommendations on how to remedy security issues.
This document outlines the course objectives and contents for a Network Security course at the University of Okara. The course will introduce computer and network security concepts over 10 lectures, including topics like cryptography, encryption algorithms, digital signatures, key management, hashing, VPNs, firewalls, and viruses. Students will complete 3 assignments, 3 exercises per lecture, a final project, and case study. The course aims to explain network security in the context of protecting network resources and data, rather than just computers or individual data. It will also cover the history and basic definitions of security, like defining it as protecting systems from harm and preserving the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information.
Network security involves implementing physical and software measures to protect a network from unauthorized access and enable authorized access. It aims to maintain confidentiality of data, integrity of data, availability of resources, and privacy of personal data. Key aspects of network security include encryption to scramble data, firewalls to control access to networks, and securing wireless networks through standards like WPA2. Common security processes also involve backing up data regularly, using access controls like passwords, and encrypting data during storage and transmission.
This document discusses different types of firewalls and how they work. It begins by explaining that firewalls come in many shapes and sizes, and sometimes a firewall is a collection of computers. All communication must pass through the firewall. It then discusses packet filters, stateful packet inspection engines, application gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Packet filters use transport layer information like IP addresses and port numbers to filter traffic. Stateful packet filters track client-server sessions to match return packets. Application gateways run proxy programs that filter traffic at the application layer. Circuit-level gateways filter traffic at the circuit level. A combination of these is known as a dynamic packet filter. The document also discusses additional firewall functions like network address
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, different types, basic concepts, their role, advantages, and disadvantages. It defines a firewall as a program or device that filters network traffic between the internet and a private network based on a set of rules. The document discusses software vs hardware firewalls and different types like packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. It also covers the history of firewalls, their design goals, and how they concentrate security and restrict access to trusted machines only.
This document provides an introduction to cyber security. It defines cyber security as protecting cyberspace from attacks, and defines a cyber attack. It explains that cyberspace is where online communication occurs, via the internet. Cyber security is important because it affects everyone who uses computers and networks. Cyber security training is needed to establish human controls. Cyber attacks can target businesses, governments, institutions and individuals. Attackers include hackers, criminals, spies and nation-states who use methods like malware, social engineering, and network attacks. Defenders of cyber security include ICT teams, security vendors, manufacturers, and governments. Information systems and quality data are important assets to protect. Emerging cyber threats include cloud services, ransomware, spear ph
This document discusses denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It defines DoS as making a machine or network unavailable to its intended users. DDoS uses other computers to launch the attack. Methods of attack mentioned include ICMP floods, teardrop attacks, and reflected/spoofed attacks. Signs of an attack include slow network performance. The document provides tips for system administrators and users, such as contacting providers and following security best practices, to mitigate attacks.
Network security involves protecting a network and its data through hardware and software that manages access and blocks threats. It combines multiple layers of defenses at the edge and within the network, implementing policies and controls to authorize access for users while blocking malicious actors. Network security protects proprietary information, reputation, and allows organizations to securely deliver digital services that customers and employees demand. It utilizes various technologies including access control, antivirus software, firewalls, intrusion prevention, and more.
This document summarizes the key endpoint protection capabilities provided by Sophos, including:
- Securing endpoints against threats like malware, ransomware and data loss across applications, web, email and devices.
- Active protection technologies that use machine learning to identify emerging threats in real-time.
- Features like intrusion prevention, firewall, encryption and patch management to harden security.
- Centralized management console for deploying and maintaining protection across all endpoints and platforms with minimal complexity and user impact.
In this PPT you can learn a firewall and types which help you a lot and you can able to understand. So, that you must read at once I sure that you are understand
Thank you!!!
I
This document discusses distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It begins by defining a DDoS attack as an attempt to make an online service unavailable by overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. It then explains how DDoS attacks work by exploiting vulnerable systems to create large networks of compromised devices that can be directed by an attacker to target a specific system or server. Finally, it discusses different types of DDoS attacks including volumetric attacks, protocol attacks, and application layer attacks and some famous DDoS incidents like attacks on the Church of Scientology and various websites.
This document provides an overview of intrusion detection systems (IDS). It begins with an introduction that defines intrusion, intrusion detection, and IDS. It then discusses the history and typical scenarios of intrusions. The document outlines different types of attacks and what an IDS is supposed to do in detecting them. It classifies IDS based on detection approach and protected system, covering network/host-based detection. The advantages and disadvantages of different IDS types are presented. Commonly used open source and commercial IDS are listed, with Snort discussed in more detail. References for further information are provided at the end.
This document discusses cyber security. It defines cyber security as technologies and processes designed to protect computers, networks, and data from unauthorized access and attacks over the internet. The three core principles of cyber security are confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Several types of cyber attacks are described such as malware, phishing, and denial of service attacks. Major historical cyber attacks are outlined including the Morris Worm in 1988 and the Anthem hack in 2015 that breached 80 million records. Common attack patterns and measures to prevent cyber attacks like using complex passwords and encryption are also summarized.
Network security threats are increasing as more people and devices connect to networks. The document identifies ten major network security threats: viruses and worms, Trojan horses, spam, phishing, packet sniffers, maliciously coded websites, password attacks, hardware loss and data fragments, shared computers, and zombie computers/botnets. Each threat is described and potential solutions are provided, such as using security software to block viruses, encryption to prevent packet sniffing, and intrusion prevention systems to counter botnets. Network security managers face ongoing challenges due to the variety of threats and lack of solutions for some issues like password attacks.
Bots are malicious programs that infect computers without the owner's permission and join networks of infected machines called botnets. Botnets are then used by cybercriminals to carry out illegal activities like spamming, denial of service attacks, and identity theft. Criminals infect machines using techniques like exploiting vulnerabilities on websites or getting users to download Trojan horse programs disguised as other files. The bots communicate with command and control servers operated by the criminals to receive instructions. Activities facilitated by botnets include large-scale spamming, hosting phishing websites, and distributed denial of service attacks.
This document discusses denial of service (DoS) attacks, including their history and types. It explains that a DoS attack is a malicious attempt to deny service to customers of a target site or network. The first major DoS attack was the 1988 Morris Worm, which infected 10% of internet computers and cost millions to clean up. Common types of DoS attacks are penetration attacks, eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks, and flooding attacks, which overwhelm a target with traffic. While nothing can entirely prevent DoS attacks, defenses include firewalls, routers, switches, bandwidth limitations, and keeping systems patched. The document concludes that future DoS attacks may aim for broad destabilization rather
This document provides an introduction to information security. It defines information security as the protection of information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction. The document outlines some key threats to information security like destruction, disclosure and modification of data. It also discusses the goals of information security - confidentiality, integrity, availability and authenticity - and common threats that relate to each goal. Additionally, the document covers security aspects like data security, computer security and network security and provides basic measures to enhance security in each area.
This document discusses basic concepts in computer security. It defines computer security as techniques for ensuring data cannot be read or compromised without authorization, usually through encryption and passwords. The three main goals of computer security are confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Vulnerabilities are weaknesses that can be exploited, and threats are circumstances with potential to cause harm. Common threats include interception, interruption, modification, and fabrication. Controls are protective measures used to reduce vulnerabilities, and physical security and security methods like antivirus software and firewalls can help secure computers.
This document discusses network security and firewalls. It defines security threats as risks that can harm computer systems, and notes that network security covers technologies, devices, and processes to protect network integrity, confidentiality, and accessibility. It describes how firewalls monitor incoming and outgoing traffic to block malicious traffic, and explains the importance of network security for trust, protection from malware, and secure online transactions.
Network security (vulnerabilities, threats, and attacks)Fabiha Shahzad
Network security involves protecting network usability and integrity through hardware and software technologies. It addresses vulnerabilities that threats may exploit to launch attacks. Common vulnerabilities include issues with technologies, configurations, and security policies. Threats aim to take advantage of vulnerabilities and can be structured, unstructured, internal, or external. Common attacks include reconnaissance to gather information, unauthorized access attempts, denial-of-service to disrupt availability, and use of malicious code like worms, viruses, and Trojan horses.
Information security involves protecting information systems, hardware, and data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction. The primary goals of information security, known as the CIA triad, are confidentiality, integrity and availability. Information is classified into different types like public, private, confidential and secret depending on who can access it and the potential damage of unauthorized access. Security also involves protecting physical items, individuals, operations, communications, networks and information assets.
Cyber attacks can take several forms, including cyber fraud aimed at monetary gain, cyber spying to obtain private information, cyber stalking and bullying to frighten or intimidate individuals, cyber assault to cause damage through malware or denial of service attacks, and cyber warfare between nation states seeking to disrupt critical infrastructure through digital means.
1. Formulate a testing plan with the client to identify systems to evaluate and the scope of testing allowed.
2. Remotely or locally access the target systems to find vulnerabilities by simulating common attacks.
3. Report any found vulnerabilities to the client along with recommendations on how to remedy security issues.
This document outlines the course objectives and contents for a Network Security course at the University of Okara. The course will introduce computer and network security concepts over 10 lectures, including topics like cryptography, encryption algorithms, digital signatures, key management, hashing, VPNs, firewalls, and viruses. Students will complete 3 assignments, 3 exercises per lecture, a final project, and case study. The course aims to explain network security in the context of protecting network resources and data, rather than just computers or individual data. It will also cover the history and basic definitions of security, like defining it as protecting systems from harm and preserving the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information.
The document discusses various cybersecurity threats and issues. It notes that hacking attempts occur daily against entities like the Algerian military and that cyber attacks have targeted nuclear facilities in Iran and caused electric outages in the US. It outlines the scope of hacking, including implanted medical devices, automobiles, networks, and more. Reasons for cyber attacks include criminals seeking money or protest, and actions by governments against their own citizens. The document also covers security levels, common attacks like viruses and trojans, identity theft methods, social engineering, mobile security, and network security types such as sniffing and spoofing.
JavaScript can make web pages more interactive, responsive and usable. However, maintaining JavaScript code is challenging due to the lack of standards and constant browser changes. To address this, frameworks have emerged to reduce browser inconsistencies and encourage best practices like progressive enhancement, maintainability and modularity. Educators need to teach JavaScript as an integral part of web development by focusing on building quality, reusable code rather than just fixing browser issues.
Information security involves protecting information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. It includes measures to ensure information availability, accuracy, authenticity, confidentiality and integrity. Network security aims to secure network components, connections and contents through authentication, encryption, firewalls and vulnerability patching in a continuous process of securing, monitoring, testing and improving security. Key related terms include assets, threats, vulnerabilities, risks, attacks, and countermeasures.
Network security consists of the provisions and policies adopted by a network administrator to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources.
Network security is important to ensure confidentiality of messages and authenticity of senders. Digital signatures can verify the identity of the sender of a message and confirm the message has not been altered. Proper security measures are needed to protect networks and the data that travels across them.
The document repeats the phrase "Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country." several times. It then breaks down the phrase into numbered elements and rearranges them. The document also mentions that compression makes transport more efficient but files must be decompressed before use.
This document discusses penalty enforcement rules and mechanics. It outlines basic enforcement spots for different types of plays and fouls. It provides guidance on signaling penalties to the referee, communicating with other officials, and properly administering penalties. It also covers the new 10-second runoff rule implemented in 2011 to stop the clock in the final minute of halves when certain fouls occur. Officials must work together to correctly enforce penalties and communicate the application of the runoff rule when necessary.
Network security involves securing computer networks from threats and attacks. There are four main types of attacks: interruption, interception, modification, and fabrication. An attack generally involves initial information gathering, network probing, unauthorized access, capturing the network, and grabbing or destroying data. Intrusion detection systems monitor network activity for signs of intrusion and report alerts. There are two main types of IDS: knowledge-based which uses signatures, and behavior-based which monitors for anomalies. Virtual private networks provide a secure channel over untrusted networks using protocols like SSL and IPSec to authenticate users and encrypt data.
The document discusses the domain name system (DNS) and how it translates domain names to IP addresses. It provides details on:
1) DNS maps domain names like "example.com" to IP addresses so computers can be identified.
2) A domain name contains multiple parts like the second-level domain ("example") and top-level domain (TLD) (".com").
3) Domain registrars assign domain names and keep records of the mappings between names and IP addresses in DNS servers.
File compression reduces file sizes, allowing for faster downloads and less storage usage. There are two main types: lossless compression stores information more efficiently without losing data, while lossy compression sacrifices some imperceptible data to further reduce file sizes. Lossy methods are commonly used to compress images, video and audio.
JavaScript is a scripting language originally designed for web browsers but now used everywhere. It has dynamic typing and supports object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming. JavaScript was created in 1995 and standardized in 1999. It is now the most popular language on GitHub. JavaScript can be used to build interactive web pages, desktop applications, server-side applications, IoT applications, and real-time applications. The core data types in JavaScript are Number, String, Boolean, Object, Function, Array, Date, and Regular Expressions. JavaScript supports features like variables, flow control, error handling, debugging, and JSON for data exchange.
Security is important to protect private information, company secrets, and equipment from threats. A chapter discusses security procedures like identifying threats, maintaining security through techniques like passwords and updates, and troubleshooting security issues. Potential threats include viruses, hacking, and loss of data or equipment. The document outlines various security methods and best practices for networks, data, wireless access, and hardware to maintain security.
Transport Layer Port or TCP/IP & UDP PortNetwax Lab
A port is an application-specific or process-specific software construct serving as a communications
endpoint in a computer's host operating system. The purpose of ports is to uniquely identify different
applications or processes running on a single computer and thereby enable them to share a single
physical connection to a packet-switched network like the Internet. In the context of the Internet
Protocol, a port is associated with an IP address of the host, as well as the type of protocol used for
communication.
JavaScript is a scripting language that allows adding interactivity to HTML pages. It can be used for client-side form validation and integration with user plugins. JavaScript is case-sensitive and allows variables, functions, conditional statements, and objects. Common uses include pop-up boxes, event handling, and cookies.
Types of Data compression, Lossy Compression, Lossless compression and many more. How data is compressed etc. A little extensive than CIE O level Syllabus
Ports and sockets allow processes on the same device to communicate over a network. Every TCP connection is uniquely identified by its two endpoints - the source port and destination port. Ports map incoming data to specific processes using port numbers between 0-65535. A socket is the endpoint of a connection and is defined by an IP address and port number combination. Sockets provide an interface for programming networks at the transport layer and allow devices to establish connections to communicate.
This document defines key concepts related to information security. It discusses what information and information security are, as well as the multilayered nature of security. The main threats to information security are described as inadvertent acts, deliberate acts, natural disasters, technical failures, and management failure. Specific types of malware like viruses, worms, trojans, and spyware are explained. The document also differentiates between hackers and crackers and emphasizes the importance of using antivirus software to protect against threats.
Web Development with HTML5, CSS3 & JavaScriptEdureka!
With the commercialization of the web, web development has become one of the blooming industries. Learning web development enables you to create attractive websites using HTML, CSS, JQuery and JavaScript. Web development includes developing simple and complex web-based applications, electronic businesses and social networking sites. Being a web developer you can deliver applications as web services which is only available in desktop applications.
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Introduction to Network Security
1.
2. What is Network Security?
consists of the provisions
and policies adopted by the network
administrator to prevent and
monitor unauthorized access, misuse, m
odification, or denial of the computer
network and network-accessible
resources.
3. Security Challenges
Computer Security Institute (CSI)
Survey: over 70% networks have
experienced security breach
From the 70%, 60% have undergone
internal breaches and only 40% are
external or perimeter breaches.
4. 2 Main reasons why security has
became more important as an issue
over time
The hacking and attack tools have
become more and more
dangerous, where an attack can cause
serious financial damage to a company
The hacking and attack tools have
become easier to use- in most
cases, they are automated, allowing
even a novice to use them.
5. Security Roles
Have changed over the years
In the past networks were closed to the
outside world, thus attack didn’t cause
much damage
Mid 1990s, Internet has exploded which
increases the possibility of security
breach
6. Security Issues
Security is a business problem not just a
technology problem
The concept of security is an illusion
Managing security means managing the
perception of others
There are many different security
technologies to choose from
You must create a comprehensive
security policy
7. Security Goals
Create and implement a
single, cohesive, company-wide security
policy
Don’t allow products to dictate security
policies – policies should drive the
products that you choose
Centralize security management
8. Security Components
Security is a relative or subjective problem
Authentication
Authorization
Privacy
Integrity
Availability
Nonrepudiation
Accounting
10. Authorization
Controlling access to resources (what
they are trying to do)
11. Privacy
Protecting confidentiality of information
(what the content of the information is)
12. Integrity
Validating that information was not
changed (verifying that the information
that was received has not been modified
or tampered with)
13. Availability
Providing redundancy for security
(ensuring that you have a fallback
solution in the event of failure or security
compromise)
14. Nonrepudiation
Proving that a transaction took place
between two entities (when using online
transactions, having verifiable proof that
the transaction took place between 2
entities)
15. Accounting
Recording information about an
employee’s actions when interacting
with data and systems as well as
information about the operation
(including security events) of your
networking devices
16. Data Classification for
Public/Government Agencies
Unclassified data
- data has few or no confidentiality
requirements.
Sensitive but unclassified (SBU) data
- data could prove embarrassing if
revealed, but no serious security breach
would occur.
Confidential data
- Lowest level of classified data, where data
protection must meet confidentiality
requirements
17. Data Classification for
Public/Government Agencies
Secret data
- A significant effort must be made to
secure data, limiting access to a small
number of people
Top Secret data
- Great effort and cost is used to secure
data, limiting access to a very small
number of people (need to know access)
18. Data Classification for private
companies or nongovernment
Public data - data is publicly
available, as on a website
Sensitive data - similar to SBU
Private data – data is important to a
company; an effort must be made to
secure it and verify that it is accurate
Confidential data – data is very
important to a company, like trade
secrets and employee records
20. Classification Procedures
Who is responsible for the data?
How should the information be
classified, with any exceptions?
How are the controls used for
classification policies?
When and how does declassification of
data occur?
21. Classification Roles
Role Description Performed By
Owner Is ultimately responsible for the Typically a member of the
data management staff
Custodian Is responsible for the security of Typically a member of the IT
the data on a day-to-day basis staff
User Is responsible for using the data Your typical user, who can
according to defined policies “see the trees, but not the
and operating procedures forest” in the company and
who has a ground-level view
of certain data
22. Security Controls
Preventive – used to prevent a data
compromise
Deterrent – used to scare away a certain
number of ill-doers
Detective – used to detect access to
data
23. 3 Categories that control the
implementation of the security control
Administrative – policy and procedural
controls
Technical – electronics, hardware, and
software controls
Physical – mechanical controls
24. Security Breaches: Prosecuting
attackers and hackers
Motive
Why did they do it?
Opportunity
Were they available to commit the crime?
Means
Did they have the capability to commit the
crime?
25. Liability: Legal and
Governmental Issues
A company should practice due
diligence and due care when protecting
sensitive data and resources.
A company can be sued by its
customers or employees if a breach on
sensitive data happens
Deal with government laws that
requiring a minimal security level when
protecting certain resources.
26. On the Job
Examine security in your network from
endpoint to endpoint, from where traffic
enters your network, to where your
users connect (switches, access
points, and remote access VPN
gateways)
Select a product solution that focuses on
end-to-end security
27. Questions
What are the benefits that an
organization would get from properly
classifying data?
Research about the 10 commandments
of computer ethics by the Computer
Ethics Institute
Editor's Notes
CSI – is an organization that provides education, community, and research for IT security professionals.Survey – not all breaches have been severe, but any type of breach can create loss of data, loss of time, and thus loss of revenue.
For example, a denial of service attack on a business’ e-commerce solution that sells services on the Internet might cause the loss of millions of money because legitimate users cannot access the site.For example, many scanning tools used in reconnaissance attacks are GUI-based and provide detailed, well-explained output of the vulnerabilities that a system has and how to exploit them.
The Internet is commonly used to provide connectivity between locations or for remote access from your small offices or users working from home. Companies rely more and more on e-commerce solutions to increase their profits: today’s networks are much open than they were in the past. On top of this, because networks are becoming more open, there is much larger concern over protecting confidential information: information important to a company’s trade secrets, employee personal files, hospital patient records or financial records of customers. Because of these concerns, companies focused more on security and governments have passed laws and procedures to protect certain type of data.
Breaking it down, there are 3 basic security issues you will need to deal with when coming up with a security solution for your network or company.1.Since people are involved with systems that are networked, you must create a solution that deals with both the people that use the systems and also the technology the systems use. The solution will need to involve procedures and guidelines for your employees. If a business needs security, it should build security into its very core – in its vision and mission. The purpose of vision is to set the expectations and goals of a particular organization. Security adds confidence to the vision.Example: Coca-cola – in many parts of the world, it’s the only beverage which people may feel completely safe to drink. That’s a fact. 2. For example, when talking about VPNs, you have to consider that they come in different types like site-to-site and remote access; different protocols like IPSec, L2TP, PPTP, and SSL; different protection methods like encryption algorithms, and hashing functions; different methods of authentication… 3. The third arises when your company either lacks a security policy or has one that is poorly written or designed. One of the main tools you’ll use to help combat security issues is the development of a comprehensive and detailed security policy. A security policy basically defines what is and is not permissible with the access and use of a company’s networking equipment as well as different types of data and resources that systems use.
This policy should be flexible enough to allow your company to meet its objectives that are detailed in the company’s business plan, but still protect your company’s assets at a reasonable price. even though you are faced with centralizing security solution that encompasses of different devices, you should not let products dictate your security policies.
1. Which means that what is important to one company is not necessarily important to a different company. Each company has different business plans and goals and thus their security policies and solutions will be different.
Value – most important criterion and indicates how important the data is to the organizationPersonal association – data associated with a person, like an employee file in HRAge – over a period of time the value of the data decreases as events occur, such as changes in technologies being usedUseful life – newer information obsoletes older data; for instance, company products become end-of-file (EOL) and are replaced by newer ones.
Defines who is responsible for the data, how it is classified, the policy that handles the classification, and when and how declassification occurs.
Define the people and their roles when interacting with data
Are mechanisms used to protect data. It falls under 3 types:Question: Of the 3 controls, which do you think is the most secure? Answer: preventive controls but typically cost the most to implement
Administrative – deal with security awareness training, background checks of employees, restrictive hiring practices , auditing the activity occuring on systems, change and configuration management control, and most importantly, the development and enforcement of a security policy.Technical – deal with network devices to implement security controls (VPN gateways, firewalls, IPS appliances, and the like), methods of authentication and authorization (like directory services, authentication, authorization and accounting), security devices (like smart cards, network access control, biometrics) and logical access control mechanisms (like ACL on routers and firewalls).Physical – deal with the use of monitoring equipment to detect intrusions (like an alarm system), physical security devices (like door locks, door key codes, safes, secured rack system for equipment), environmental controls (like UPS systems, sprinkler system, and air conditioning and air flow devices), and security guards and personnel.Tip: a good security implementation to protect data will have a good balance among administrative, technical and physical controls
In an ideal world, if you were wronged, you would receive due justice and the perpetrator would be punished. However, this is not an ideal world. When it comes to computer and network security, if someone hacks into a service, finding and bringing the person to justice can sometimes seem like an almost imposiible process. The following sections will discuss some important topics related to security breaches and bringing justice to those who damage your network and its resources.If you catch someone who breaches your network and/ or data security, you need to be able to prove the following in order to successfully prosecute that person. However, to do that you will face many difficulties. When dealing with the computer world, most of your evidence id “virtual” and you will need to main data integrity, which can be difficult in “virtual” world. For example, evidence you collect, like data and log files, can easily be damaged or modified, like timestamps that indicate when the file was created or modified.When a breach occurs, don’t shut down or reboot a system until you perform a memory dump. Likewise, a disk image should be captured before working with data on the drive. Make sure you photograph the equipment and information before disconnecting it. You need to maintain a strict chain of custody of the equipment and / or information when working on it – who accessed it, when they accesses it, and what they did with it.