The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century due to several factors. Agricultural advances led to population growth and a surplus of rural workers who moved to cities to work in factories. Britain had essential elements for economic success like capital, land, labor, and access to raw materials from its colonies. The development of steam power, new machinery, and factories revolutionized production and allowed industries like textiles to grow rapidly. The Industrial Revolution then spread beyond Britain to other parts of Europe and North America in the early 19th century.

2. Less mortality Population growth Agricultural revolution Enclosures Fertilizers Confiscation Farming machinery Comunications Roads Canals and navegable rivers Improvement in the trade with the colonies Athlantic triangle Industrial hand labour (workers) More capital: growth of banks More agricultural productivity Extensive crops: cotton Industrial Revolution Railways machinery Steam Machine Raw materials: coal

4. Reading Focus Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? How? How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles? How did steam power the Industrial Revolution? Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain? Main Idea In the 1700 conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries. A New Kind of Revolution

5. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. It had essential elements for economic success Factors of production Land Labour Capital Britain’s Big Advantage

6. Agricultural revolution Factors for Success Exploration and colonialism: raw materials Seapower Political stability Government support Growth of private investment Research and development on farms Jethro Tull , seed drill Improved livestock breeding Better varieties of food crops Increased production Population grew Enclosure movement: specialization and productivity Less workers needed in rural areas.

7. Seed drill gg Combine harvester , is a machine that harvests grain crops More production led to more capital , more banks and more investment Enclosure act

8. Consequences : Capital is invested in new industries, specially textile industries PEOPLE from rural areas emigrated to towns. Towns grew incredibly More need of transport : Steam machine Used in trains , ships and machines Need of raw materials and fossil fuels: COAL mines

9. Steam Powers the Revolution Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel Wood scarce Coal mining industry Changing landscapes Dangers of mining Coal for Steam Engines First successful steam engine in 1712 Innovations by James Watt 1736 – 1819 Steam power versus water power Steam locomotives Steamships Development of Steam Engine

10. Steam Tractor

11. Steam Ship

12. An Early Steam Locomotive

13. The Impact of the Railroad

14. Railroads on the Continent

15. Raw materials and fossil fuels needed: COAL IRON

16. Young Coal Miners

17. Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

18. Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830 Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d. 11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d. 17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d. 37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d. 42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d. 47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d. 52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d. 57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.

19. Richard Arkwright: Pioneer of the Factory System” The “Water Frame”

20. Factory Production Concentrates production in one place [raw materials, labor and machinery]. Located near sources of power Requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, etc.]

21. Mine, Coalfields & Industrial Areas Coal is more powerful than water . Iron is more powerful than wood.

22. The Factory System Rigid schedule. 12-14 hour day. Dangerous conditions.

23. Textile Factory Workers in England

24. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

25. The Power Loom

26. Industrial Staffordshire

27. The New Industrial City

28. Early 19 century London

29. The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian Nightmare!

30. “ Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life

31. 19 c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche

32. Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851 Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

33. Less mortality Population growth Agricultural revolution Enclosures Fertilizers Confiscation Farming machinery Comunications Roads Canals and navegable rivers Improvement in the trade with the colonies Athlantic triangle Industrial hand labour (workers) More capital: growth of banks More agricultural productivity Extensive crops: cotton Industrial Revolution Railways machinery Steam Machine Raw materials: coal

34. Consequences of the Industrial Revolution The new Industrial city Urban transformations Pollution Living conditions Protest movements The workers' movement Marxism Anarquism Theory of capitalism: protagonists David Ricardo Adam Smith Thomas Malthus Industrial Revolution in the World

35. Compare Before The Industrial Revolution After The Industrial Revolution Power energy Social classes Cities Systems of production Economy (trade, capital, businesses, etc.) Transportation Population