The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other Western European countries, the United States, Russia, and Japan in the 19th century. It involved a transition from manual labor and animal or water power to machine production using steam power in factories. This led to increased production, specialization of labor, and a shift from rural home production to urban factory work. The Industrial Revolution brought both benefits like improved production but also social problems such as child labor and poor working conditions.

1. The Industrial Revolution
(W. Europe, U.S., Russia, & Japan)
Late 18th century through the
19th century

2. “No movement in human history did more
than the Industrial Revolution to change the
way people live. It has provided humanity
with great benefits, and at the same time, it
has destroyed people with its less fortunate
consequences.”

3. Industrialization started in Great Britain, then
spread to other parts of Western Europe, the
U.S., Russia, and Japan in the 18th century.
 Industrialization
led to new
patterns of
production that
changed how
goods were
made &
consumed.

4. home to factory production

6. Machines using fossil fuels powered
engines were used to increase
production (replacing human, animal,
and water power).

8.  Development of
the factory
system
concentrated
labor & led to
an increasing
degree of
specialization
of labor.

16. Textile Industry in Britain: where
the industrial revolution began.

17. WHY BRITAIN?
 Using pages 830-832, work with your
partner to find and write 7 REASONS
that the Industrial Revolution
began in Great Britain?

18. Factors leading to the rise of
industrial production . . .
 Abundance of waterways and access to
coal, iron, & timber
 And other natural resources
 Improved agricultural production
 Population increase & urbanization
 Increased capital & private investment

19. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the best way to measure a country's
economy. It includes everything produced by all the people and companies
that are in the country. Per capita = per person,

21. RESULTS of Industrialization
 Factory labor / Mining led to new
social and political issues like child
labor, job safety, working hours, &
worker rights.
 Labor organizations gained political
power

24. RESULTS of Industrialization
 Mining and factory pollution altered the
environment
 Urbanization led to problems in sanitation,
crime, and housing

26.  To meet the need
for investments in
all levels of
industry,
financiers
developed
various financial
institutions.

27. Developments in transportation and
communication changed societies
and economies during the IR.
 Railroads, Steamships
 Canal networks
 Telegraph

29. Later industrial revolution developments led
to new methods in producing steel,
chemicals, electricity & precision machinery.

30. The Bottom Line
 “Industrialized” nations were
able to make better stuff faster
than anywhere else in the
world.
 Global trade changed as
industrialized economies
sought raw materials and new
markets for factory goods.

31. Some Continuities in many
Industrialized regions…
 Working classes remained in the lower
classes.
 Nobility retained their position in upper
class.
 Land continued to be a source of wealth
and status.
 Agriculture continued to be an important
part of the economy.

32. TEST REVIEW
 What were the REASONS why industrial
revolution began in Europe and in Britain?
 What fossil fuel was most important?
 What were the changes in social classes as
a result of industrialization? What new
classes/professions were formed?
 Aristocracy
 Middle Class
 Working Class

33. TEST REVIEW
 What were WOMEN’s ROLES in new
industrialized societies?
 Aristocracy
 Middle Class
 Working Class
 What were the differences in RUSSIAN and
US Industrialization?
 Government control
 Working class and Labor movement
 Karl Marx theories