The document summarizes key aspects of the Industrial Revolution that occurred in Britain between the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It overviews how Britain transitioned from an agrarian economy to one powered by machinery, steam, and factories. This industrialization process had wide-ranging economic, political, and social impacts, including increased production, changes to the social class structure, and both benefits and problems for workers. The text provides details on several important innovations, such as steam engines and cotton manufacturing machines, that drove Britain's industrial transformation.

2. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
FIRST I THANK GOD.
I THANK MY SOCIAL TEACHER TO GIVE
ME PPT PRESENTATION ON INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION.

4. Picture of industrial revolution

6. The Industrial Revolution was the
change of social, and economic
organization. The Industrial
Revolution started in the late 18th,
and 19th centuries which took place
in England. England was where
agriculture changed to an Industrial
civilization. The Industrial Revolution
of the factory system of production
emerged, in which workers were
brought together in one plant and
supplied with tools, machines, and
materials with which they worked in
return for wages. Kids also had to
work under bad conditions, and sadly
some died.

7. Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the major
technological, socioeconomic and cultural
change in the late 18th and early 19th
century Britain in the United Kingdom.
During that time, an economy based on
manual labour was replaced by
machinery.
It began with the mechanisation of the
textile industries and the development of
iron-making techniques, and trade
expansion was enabled by the
introduction of canals, improved roads
and then railways. The introduction of
steam power and powered machinery
underpinned the dramatic increases in
production capacity.

8. The Industrial Revolution
1.Machines were invented which replaced
human labour
2.New energy sources were developed to
power the new machinery – water, steam,
electricity, oil (gas, kerosene)
3.Some historians place advances in
atomic, solar, and wind energy at the later
stages of the Industrial Revolution
4.Increased use of metals and minerals
such as aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.

9. England: Birthplace of the Industrial
Revolution
1.No concrete start date for the Industrial
Revolution
2.Marked by gradual, slow changes
3.After 1750 – these changes were noticeable
first in England

10. What was the Industrial Revolution?
1.The Industrial Revolution was a
fundamental change in the way goods
were produced, from human labor to
machines.
2.The more efficient means of production
and subsequent higher levels of
production triggered far-reaching
changes to industrialized societies.

12. Improvements of Industrial Revolution
 Transportation improved
 Ships
○ Wooden ships → Iron ships → Steel ships
○ Wind-powered sails → Steam-powered boilers
 Trains
 Automobiles
 Communication improved
 Telegraph
 Telephone
 Radio

13. Machines during Industrial revolution pictures

14. Steamboats
1.Robert Fulton invented the steamboat in 1807.
2.The Clermont operated the first regular
steamboat route, running between Albany and
New York City.
3.1819 – the Savannah used a steam engine as
auxiliary power for the first time when it sailed
across the Atlantic Ocean.
4.1836 – John Ericsson invented a screw propeller
to replace paddle wheels.

15. Steam Engines
1.By 1800, steam engines were
replacing water wheels as
sources of power for factories
2.Factories relocated near raw
materials, workers, and ports
3.Cities grew around the
factories built near central
England’s coal and iron mines
a.Manchester, Liverpool

16. Development of Steam Engines
1.Early water power involved mills built over fast-moving
streams and rivers
2.Early water power had problems
A. Not enough rivers to provide the power
needed to meet growing demand
B. Rivers and streams might be far removed from
raw materials, workers, and markets
C. Rivers are prone to flooding and drying

17. flying shuttle
The spinning jenny is attributed
to James Hargreaves. They were
usually sent to London to be printed.
At the time, cotton production could
not keep up with demand, and
Hargreaves spent some time
considering how to improve the
process. The flying shuttle had
increased yarn demand by the
weavers by doubling their
productivity, and now the spinning
jenny could supply that demand by
increasing the spinners' productivity
even more. The machine produced
coarse thread.

19. Increases in Coal and Iron Production, 1770-1800
1.Coal production doubled
6 million to 12 million tons.
2.Pig iron production increased
250%
1800 – 130,000 tons.
3.Great Britain produced as much
coal and iron as every other
country combined.

20. Political Changes:
Rise to Power of Businesspeople
Along with the working classes,
businesspeople gained political rights
“Captains of industry” or “robber barons” –
along with financiers
Wealth brought political influence

21. Development of the Domestic System
of Production
1.Domestic system developed in England
2.Late 1600s-late 1800s
3.Domestic system of production – “putting out” system
A .Businesspeople delivered raw materials to workers’ homes
B .Workers manufactured goods from these raw materials in their
homes (typically articles of clothing)
C .Businesspeople picked up finished goods and paid workers
wages based on number of items
4.Domestic system could not keep up with demand

23. England’s Resources: Raw Materials
1.England itself possessed the necessary raw
materials to create the means of production
2.Coal – vast coal reserves powered steam
engines
3.Iron – basic building block of large
machines, railroad tracks, trains, and ships

24. The Birth and Growth of the Textile Industry
John Kay (English)
James Hargreaves (English)
Richard Arkwright (English)
Water frame, 1769
Water-powered spinning machine that was too large for use in a
home – led to the creation of factories
Spinning jenny,
1765
Home-based machine that spun thread 8 times faster than when spun
by hand
Flying shuttle,
1733
Hand-operated machine which increased the speed of weaving

25. Background of the Industrial Revolution
Commercial Revolution
A. 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries
B. Europeans expanded their power worldwide
C. Increased geographic knowledge
D. Colonies in the Americas and Asia
E. Increased trade and commerce
F. Guild system could not meet the demands of
increasing numbers goods

26. England’s Resources: Workers
1.Serfdom and guilds ended earlier in
England than other countries
2.English people could freely travel
from the countryside to the cities
3.Enclosure Acts – caused many small
farmers to lose their lands, and these
former farmers increased the labor
supply

27. Flow chart of industrial
revolution

28. Result if industrial revolution
Economic changes: (i)Expansion of world trade, (ii) Mass production of goods
(iii)Unemployment (iv) Industrial capitalism
Political changes:(i) Decline of world aristocracy,(ii)Growth and expansion of
democracy ,(iii)Increased power of industrialized nation,(iv)Rise to power
business people
Social changes:(i) Increase in leisure time,(ii) Population increased,(iii) Science
and Research stimulated,(iv) Problems

29. Thank you
The end

30. PRESENTED
BY
S.SWASHIKHA
X STD