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The First World War

The first world war was caused by rising nationalism and imperialism which divided Europe into two hostile groups through alliances like the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente. The immediate cause was the Sarajevo Crisis in which the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated, leading Austria to declare war on Serbia and starting a chain reaction that engulfed the great powers of Europe in the first global war.

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z The first world war By karthik
z Causes of the first world war  Because of the unprecedented extent of its spread, impact and damage and its total nature, it is known as the First World War.  The causes of the first world war are  nationalism and imperialism  Division of Europe into 2 hostile groups  Sarajevo crisis (immediate cause)
z Nationalism [causes of the first world war]  Nationalism refers to the sense of unity felt by people, who share a common history, language and culture.  In the latter half of the 19th century the feeling of unity turned into extreme pride  This led to aggressive nationalism  Aggressive nationalism meant love for one’s own country and hatred of other countries.  Countries like France and Serbia developed expansionist policies in the name of nationalism  Aggressive nationalism also led to imperialism
z Imperialism [causes of the first world war]  Imperialism is a system by which a powerful nation used to establish control over another country, either by political pressure, infiltration and annexation or outright wars  Once the country is conquered it is claimed as a colony  these colonies were governed by representatives of the imperial nation (puppet government)  These colonies provided cheap labor, raw materials and agricultural land  British imperialism was focused on maintaining and expanding trade by exploiting its colonies  Britain's imperial power was reinforced with the largest navy  People at the time felt convinced that international problems could only be solved through militarism (belief that country should maintain strong military)
z Division of Europe into 2 hostile groups [causes of the first world war]  The 2 kind of states in Europe there were single nation states (national identities based on their language and traditions)  E.g. = France, holland, and Germany  The other were Imperial sates (powerful nations)  E.g. = Austria, Hungarian empire and the Russian empire  What is the triple alliance ?  The objective of the triple alliance is co-operation against the perceived threat against Germany  Germany entered an alliance with Austria and Hungary  In 1882 Italy joined the alliance and it came to be known as the triple alliance  What is the Triple Entente ?  After the death of Bismarck, France was able to establish friendly relationships with Russia and England  The 3 countries entered the triple entente in 1907 and later japan would enter the triple entente  Thus Europe was divided into 2 hostile camps
z Continuation of Division of Europe into 2 hostile groups  Rivalries between nations happened not just for colonies but for colonial trade and trade routes as well.  These rivalries create suspicion, tension and wars, which culminated the first world war.
z Sarajevo crisis [causes of the first world war]  Archduke Francis Ferdinand (heir to the throne of Austria - Hungary)was assassinated at Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia on 28/June/1914 by a group called the black hand or union of death (extremist Serbian nationalists whose goal was to unite all Serbians into a single state)  Austria served an ultimatum on Serbia on July 23 Serbia accepted all of the demands accept those which would have led to the loss of her sovereignty  Austria declared war on Serbia on July 28 1914. Russia started preparation on the war to support Serbia.  On 1 August 1914 Germany declared war on Russia  On 3 August 1914 Germany declared war on France  On 4 August 1914 German troops marched to France  On 4 August 1914 Britain declared war on Germany  Japan declared war on Germany to capture the German colonies in the far east  Italy joined the war against Germany in 1915 breaking the triple alliance
z Sarajevo crisis continued…  Britain, France and Russia are called the allied powers  Germany and Austria are called the central powers  The war was fought in many different areas called fronts  There was fighting at sea in the middle east where the allied powers attacked the ottoman empire
z The treaty of Versailles [result of the war]  The victorious powers or the allies met in conference Versailles between January and June 1919  The terms of the peace treaty was decided by Woodrow Wilson (president of the united states)  27 countries attended the conference  Defeated countries were not present in the conference  the treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919
z Terms of the treaty of Versailles  Germany lost all its colonies to the victorious allies – Britain, Belgium, south Africa and Portugal  The treaty declared Germany guilty of aggression  The area of the Rhine valley was to be demilitarized and the German territory west of Rhine was to be occupied by the allied troops for 15 years  Germany ceded parts of its pre-war territory to Denmark, Belgium, Poland and France