Skip to main content
UploadLanguage (EN)Support
BusinessMobileSocial MediaMarketingTechnologyArt & PhotosCareerDesignEducationPresentations & Public SpeakingGovernment & NonprofitHealthcareInternetLawLeadership & ManagementAutomotiveEngineeringSoftwareRecruiting & HRRetailSalesServicesScienceSmall Business & EntrepreneurshipFoodEnvironmentEconomy & FinanceData & AnalyticsInvestor RelationsSportsSpiritualNews & PoliticsTravelSelf ImprovementReal EstateEntertainment & HumorHealth & MedicineDevices & HardwareLifestyle
Suhas Mandlik, profile picture
Uploaded bySuhas Mandlik
47,569 views

Second Phase of Indian National Movement

The document outlines the partition of Bengal in 1905, noting the British government's justification for it as administrative necessity while highlighting nationalist perspectives that viewed it as an attempt to weaken Indian nationalism. It discusses the rise of assertive nationalists, including figures like Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal, who used methods such as swadeshi, boycott, and passive resistance to promote self-governance and solidarity among Indians. The Surat split of 1907 is noted as a significant division within the Indian National Congress, exacerbating tensions between early and assertive nationalists, ultimately impacting the national movement.

Education◦
1
Brief mention of the causes of the Partition of Bengal (Government’s Version & Nationalists’ Perspective.) Brief mention of Surat Split 1907. Objectives & Methods of struggle of the Assertive Nationalists. Any two contributions of the following Extremists/Radicals/Assertive Nationalists: a) Lala Lajpat Rai. b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak . c) Bipin Chandra Pal. 2
1. Presidency of Bengal was thickly populated province in British India. It had a population of 80 million extended over a huge geographical area. 2. Lord Curzon announced the division of the province of Bengal into two provinces: a. Bengal (Non-Bengali Province, Calcutta- capital) b. Eastern Bengal & Assam (Muslim Province, Dacca- Capital) 3. Scheme of the Partition of Bengal was implemented on October 16, 1905. 3
Reason Justified by the British Government British said that the Province of Bengal is too big (geographically and population wise) to be properly administered by a Single Provincial Government. Therefore, for better administration they proposed the Partition of Bengal. 4
British Government’s plan had hidden reasons. These included: 1. Bengal was the Nerve Centre of Indian Nationalism. And they wanted to stop and weaken the tide of nationalism by partitioning Bengal. 2. The plan included to place Bengalis under two administrations and to Reduce Bengalis to a Minority in Bengal itself. 3. They wanted to Divide Us on the Basis of Religion. East Bengal & Assam would have Muslim majority and Bengal would have Hindu majority. 5
 October 16, 1905 was a Day of National Mourning (sorrow).  ‘Bande Mataram’ written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee (Chattopadhyay) became the theme song of national movement.  Tagore composed ‘Amar Sonar Bangla’ song, which was sung by huge crowds.  Hindus & Muslims on Raksha Bandhan, tied Rakhis on each other’s wrists as a symbol on unity of Bengalis and the two halves of the Bengals.  Mass movement.  In 1905, ideas of Swadeshi & Boycott were born.  The plan of partition backfired, as it added strength to the National Movement. Assertive Nationalists took the charge from the Early Nationalists to lead the National Movement. 6
Our nation is tree with a trunk (Swaraj) and two branches (Swadeshi and Boycott). – Tilak. 7
Early Nationalists Assertive Nationalists Indian National Congress 8
 The differences between the Early Nationalists and Assertive Nationalists were growing. 1. Early Nationalists wanted the Swadeshi & Boycott Movement to be restricted to Bengal only. Assertive Nationalists wanted to extend it to the rest of India. 2. At the Calcutta Session in 1906, Early Nationalists and Assertive Nationalists cleared their differences and together opposed the Partition of Bengal. 3. Dadabhai Naoroji, who was equally respected by Early Nationalists and Assertive Nationalists , was finally made the President of INC at the Calcutta session in 1906. 9
4. There was a disagreement over the candidature of the next President of INC. At Surat in 1907, the differences surfaced as Early Nationalists proposed Rashbehari Ghosh’s name and Assertive Nationalists proposed Lala Lajpat Rai’s name as the next President of INC. 5. This caused complete confusion at the Surat Session in 1907. This led to the spilt in the INC. Assertive Nationalists were expelled from INC. For 9 years they remained out of INC.  The split was unfortunate as it had weakened the Indian National Movement. British took advantage of this situation.  They openly supported Early Nationalists and Muslims and suppressed Assertive Nationalists. 10
The ultimate objective of Assertive Nationalists was Swaraj i.e. Self Government. 11
Their programmes and methods of struggle included: 1. Revivalism: Assertive Nationalists revived self-respect by referring to India’s past glory. These leaders planned the national movement on people’s religious beliefs. Tilak revived Shivaji festival in 1895. Chandragupta Vikramaditya, Rana Pratap and Shivaji were presented as national heroes to inspire the masses to fight for their country. 2. National Education: Many national educational institutions were started during this period. They were taught Secular Education, Moral Education, Political Education & Vocational/Industrial Education. A large number of national colleges were started to included students in the National Movement. These colleges included DAV College, Bengal National College etc. 12
3) SWADESHI  Swadeshi means of one’s own country. To produce and use things made in India.  It promoted indigenous industries to strengthen the nation.  It increased the feelings of self-respect, self-reliance and self- support.  Boycott means to ‘give up foreign goods, services & titles.’  A four-fold programme of Boycott included: a) Boycott of English clothes, Salt, Sugar etc. b) Rejection of speaking in English c) Rejection of Government posts & seats d) Social boycott of people who purchased foreign goods. 4) BOYCOTT 13
5) Passive Resistance: Assertives believed in non-violent resistance (passive resistance) and vigorous political action to achieve their aims. They asked Indians to refuse to cooperate with the government and boycott government service, courts, schools, & colleges. 14 Methods used by Assertives Swadeshi Boycott National Education Revivalism Passive Resistance
15
SHER-E- PUNJAB/ PUNJAB KESARI) 16 1) Educationist & Forceful Writer • He wrote a magazine- Young India • He wrote books like: A Call to Young India, England’s Debt to India & Political Future of India. He also wrote a book on ‘National Education.’ • He started Punjabi, Vande Mataram (Urdu Daily) & People (Weekly). 2) A Social Reformer: • He started many schools, colleges and orphanages. • He worked for Arya Samaj & DAV College, Lahore. • He started Peoples Society for welfare of weaker section. 3) Political Work outside India: • He went abroad to get more support. He joined ‘Ghadar Party’ in USA. Simon Commission: In a procession against Simon Commission, he was injured in lathi charge. And a month later he died on November 17, 1928.
FATHER OF ASSERTIVE NATIONALISM/ FATHER OF INDIAN UNREST 17 1) Demand for Swaraj: • He was the first one to openly demand Swaraj. He said “Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it.’’ • He changed the method of petitions to demand for political rights. • He organised lathi clubs and akharas to give physical training and to increase feeling of self-defence & patriotism. 2) Preached Nationalism: • He started Ganpati & Shivaji festivals to propogate nationalist ideas. • He started newspapers like: Kesari (Marathi) & Mahratta (English) • He wrote books like: Gita Rahasya & Artic Home of the Vedas. 3) Established Home Rule League: • He established Home Rule League at Pune in April 1916 and Anne Beasant established it in Madras in September 1916.
18 Tilak was the Forerunner of Gandhi Similarities Tilak Gandhi Swaraj √ √ Worked with Masses √ √ Swadeshi, Boycott & Prohibition. √ √ Several terms of Imprisonment √ √
FATHER OF REVOLUTIONA RY THOUGHT IN INDIA. 19 1) Role as a Journalist: • He worked as a journalist for: Bengal Public Opinion, The Tribune & New India. 2) National Education: • He wanted National Education to be the basis of Freedom Movement. 3) Social & Economic Reforms: • He took the following efforts to remove the social evils from the society: a) He opposed Caste system. b) He advocated Widow remarriage. c) He supported women’s education d) He stressed to develop indigenous industries e) He proposed to tax rich more than the poor. f) He demanded for 48 hours of work in a week & increase wages.