1) Incremental sheet forming is an innovative metal forming process where a spherical tool is used to push a sheet into a desired shape without the need for dies. 2) The document provides an overview of the incremental sheet forming process, including its history and development, common methods like single-point and two-point forming, characteristics, applications, tools/equipment, advantages, and disadvantages. 3) It also discusses research areas like using incremental forming for thermoplastics and car body smoothing to further improve the flexibility and applications of this die-less forming process.

1. Incremental sheet metal Forming
single Point Incremental Forming
Metal forming Course
Compiled By:
HoushangAnsarikajal
HassankargarPishbijari
HassanYousefinezhadGildeh
MS.CStudentsOfManufacturing&Production
lecturer:
Dr.M.bakhshi
BabolIndustrial University
www.nit.ac.ir
Dec.2012 1/31

2. Contents:
1- Abstract
2- Introduction
3- Methods
4- Characteristics
5- Applications
6- Tools & Equipments
7- Advantages & disadvantages
8- Conclusion
9- Suggestion
10- Research & Developments
11- Acknowledgments
12- References
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3. Abstract
During the last decade, incremental forming is an innovative
processing method which has been strongly investigated. Its potential
as a flexible manufacturing method was noticed.
Incremental sheet forming is a method , where a spherical
numerically controlled tool is used to push the sheet to the desired
shape against a simple support tool.
keywords: Incremental sheet forming , Die less Forming ,
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4. Introduction
In the manufacturing world of today , the
demand of highly customized is increasing every
day . Even if the mass production is still used, the
small quantity batches are more and more
required. The key words of manufacturing are:
Flexibility , product customization, Customer
Orientation , high quality , low production cost.
In sheet metal forming techniques
, several evolution has made big steps
in the last period of time:
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5. Steps in sheet metal forming
1-Conventional Deep Drawing
2-NC control for stamping & bending
3-Hydroforming.
4-Multi-point tools
5-Incremental Sheet forming (ISF)
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6. Conventional Deep Drawing
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7. CNC control for stamping & bending
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8. Hydroforming.
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9. Multi-point tools
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10. Incremental Sheet forming (ISF)
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11. History of ISF
Variations of ISF have long been practiced in small workshops and
private enterprises , and some early concepts of ISF were patented:
1- In the USA by Roux (1960) and Leszak(1967).
2- Academic research bean in the early 1990 in Japan
3- Recently has attracted increasing interest in Europe and Canada.
SPIF & TPIF
4- SPIF of circular and elliptical by Iseki et al (1993)
5- Used FE analysis to strains by Shim and park (2001)
6- Moving back and forth along a straight line by Kim and park (2002)
7- Pyramids formed by SPIF and TPIF byBambach et al (2003)
8- Cone formed byFratini et al(2004)
8- A comprehensive review of the development of the process is given
by Jeswiet et al (2005)
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12. Method's
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13. Method's  Spinning
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14. Method's  Single-point
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15. Method's  Two-point
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16. Method's -> SPIF & TPIF
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17. Characteristic's
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18. Forming Step & Tool patch
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19. Forming Step & Tool patch
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20. Application’s
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21. Application’s
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22. Forming Parameters
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d: Tool diameter
t.: Sheet thickness
α: Tool direction angle
S: Spindle rpm
f: Federate
∆z: Step movment

23. Tools & equipment’s
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Hexapod machine
Forming Tool

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Tools & equipment’s
RoBoShaping

25. Advantages & disadvantages
Advantages :
1- The advantage of utilizing a conventional CNC milling machine.
2- Increase in materials formability due to the nature of the process.
3- The great flexibility derived from the absence of positive or negative dies.
4- Easley in re-setup of equipment's for part changing.
5- forming forces is too small than Deep Drawing forces.
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26. Advantages & disadvantages
Disadvantages:
1- Spring Back.
2- Sheet fracture under Tool 3- deformation and Un-like form
Pressure and friction.
4- forming time is too large than deep drawing time.
5- In negative forming ,it’s difficult to form sharp corner & edge
because crack easily occur.
6- Deformation and Un-Like form sometimes occur.
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27. Conclusion
1- Increase in sheet thickness Increase in strain Increase in formability.
2- Increase in Tool diameter decrease in stress decrease in formability.
3- Increase in Tool Federate Increase in stress decrease in formability.
4- Increase in Tool speed Increase in heat Increase in formability.
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Suggestion’s
With discussed characteristic's and flexibility of ISF(SPIF & TPIF)
We suggestion’s to provide research for following further
application :
1-Use of ISF to forming thermoplastics sheet.
2- Use of ISF to car body smoothing.
3- Deliberation of pre-heat effect on formability.

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Research & Developments
Macro Incremental Forming
the main focus of our work has been on application-oriented research and
development in the field of production technology for the automotive and
mechanical engineering sectors.

30. Acknowledgments
With special thanks to:
Professors of Metal forming - Babol Industrial University
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31. References
1- Jong-Jin park , Yung-ho Kim, “Fundamental studies on incremental sheet metal forming
technique” , Journal of Materials processing Technology 140 (2003) 447-453.
2- “Incremental sheet metal forming : a die –less rapid prototyping process for sheet metal” , IMRC
(manufacturing Process and systems Research project), University of BATH.
3- Crina Radu ,” Effect of process parameters on the quality of parts processed by single point
incremental forming”, International journal of modern manufacturing technologeis , vol.III.No.2/2011.
4- Alexandru C.FILIP , Ion NEAGOE,”An overview on incremental sheet forming , a method for rapid
manufacturing of hollow metal parts", Academic journal of manufacturing engineering , vol.8,issue
3/2010.
5- M Skjoedt , M B Silva , P A F martins , N Bay , “ strategies and limits in multi-stage single-point
incremental forming", technical university of Denmark, department of mechanical engineering,
kongens lyngby, Denmark, strain Analysis vol.45.
6-W.C.Emmens , D.H.Van , A.H.Van,” The FLC , enhanced formability , and incremental sheet
forming”,International Deep drawing research group.IDDRG 2009 int.Conference.Golden.Co.USA.
7- A.petek,K.kuzman,J.Kopac,”Deformation and forces analysis of single point incremental sheet
metal forming”,International scintific journal , vol.35.issue 2.feb 2009.
8- Kathryn jackson,Julian Allwood ,”The mechanics of incremental sheet forming”,Department of
engineering,University of cambridge,Journal of materials processing technology 209(2009,1158-1174)
9-‫محسن‬‫یوسفی‬‫جدیدی‬‫؛‬‫عبدالحسین‬‫جاللی‬‫آقچای‬‫؛‬‫داریوش‬‫جواب‬‫ور‬‫؛‬»‫بررسی‬‫تئوری‬‫و‬‫تجربی‬
‫تاثیر‬‫پارامترهای‬‫فرایند‬‫بر‬‫میزان‬‫شکل‬‫پذیری‬‫ورق‬‫در‬‫فرآیند‬‫شکل‬‫دهی‬‫تدریجی‬»،‫همایش‬‫ملی‬‫مهندسی‬
‫مکانیک‬NCME2010،‫دانشگاه‬‫آزاد‬‫اسالمی‬‫واحد‬‫الیگودرز‬،‫مهرماه‬1391.
10-‫وحید‬‫ریخته‬‫گر‬‫نظامی‬،‫عباس‬‫وفایی‬‫صفت‬،»‫بهبود‬‫عیوب‬‫فرم‬‫دهی‬‫ورق‬‫فلزی‬‫در‬‫فرایند‬‫شکل‬‫دهی‬
‫چند‬‫نقطه‬‫ای‬‫ورقهای‬‫فلزی‬«،‫دهمین‬‫کنفرانس‬‫مهندسی‬‫ساخت‬‫و‬‫تولید‬‫ایران‬ICME 2010،‫اسفندماه‬
1388‫دانشگاه‬‫صنعتی‬‫نوشیروانی‬‫بابل‬.
11-‫علیرضا‬‫وحدتی‬،‫مهدی‬‫وحدتی‬،”‫بررسی‬‫تئوری‬‫و‬‫تجربی‬‫تاثیر‬‫سرعت‬‫دورانی‬‫در‬‫فرآیند‬‫شگل‬‫دهی‬
‫تدریحی‬‫ورق‬‫فلزی‬‫بر‬‫روی‬‫ماشین‬‫تراش‬”‫،دهمین‬‫کنفرانس‬‫مهندسی‬‫ساخت‬‫و‬‫تولید‬،‫ایران‬‫دانشگاه‬
‫صنعتی‬‫بابل‬‫اسفند‬1388
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