An incisional hernia is a breakdown in the fascial closure that occurred after a previous abdominal surgery. It is most common within the first few years after surgery and occurs in approximately 5-15% of laparotomy cases. Risk factors include obesity, wound infection, steroid use, and surgical technique. Incisional hernias can be repaired through open or laparoscopic surgery using synthetic or biologic mesh placed in different positions depending on the size and location of the hernia. The surgery aims to reinforce the abdominal wall and prevent future hernia recurrence, which occurs in up to 20% of open repairs.