Some General Results and Prospects for the Development of Clinical Immunology...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Since the student audience is generally very limited and the materials presented in the textbooks are not widely available to a wide circle of members of the scientific community, the authors decided to present for attention some purely general fundamental problems of clinical immunology that are presented in our textbooks for students of medical universities. The proposed materials are borrowed from our student textbooks [1,2].
Clinical immunology is a branch of clinical medicine that studies the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases, which are based on disorders of the immune system functions or conditions that cause severe impaired immune reactivity that require special treatment (correction).
Combating Drug Resistance in The Intensive Care Unit (ICU)Apollo Hospitals
Drug resistance of microbes has become a major stumbling block to treating patients successfully in the ICU. There is no doubt that microbes have the capacity to mutate or acquire drug destroying enzymes, but a multitude of errors by health care providers plays a major role in facilitating the development of resistance. The maintenance of drug use discipline in closed ICUs and having a responsive microbiology department are the first steps towards prevention of microbe resistance. Having an infection control committee that is able to collect and disseminate data is the next essential step. Education of health care providers to provide uniformity of health care according to set guidelines is the culmination of this towards the goal of minimizing the development of anti microbial resistance.
Some General Results and Prospects for the Development of Clinical Immunology...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Since the student audience is generally very limited and the materials presented in the textbooks are not widely available to a wide circle of members of the scientific community, the authors decided to present for attention some purely general fundamental problems of clinical immunology that are presented in our textbooks for students of medical universities. The proposed materials are borrowed from our student textbooks [1,2].
Clinical immunology is a branch of clinical medicine that studies the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases, which are based on disorders of the immune system functions or conditions that cause severe impaired immune reactivity that require special treatment (correction).
Combating Drug Resistance in The Intensive Care Unit (ICU)Apollo Hospitals
Drug resistance of microbes has become a major stumbling block to treating patients successfully in the ICU. There is no doubt that microbes have the capacity to mutate or acquire drug destroying enzymes, but a multitude of errors by health care providers plays a major role in facilitating the development of resistance. The maintenance of drug use discipline in closed ICUs and having a responsive microbiology department are the first steps towards prevention of microbe resistance. Having an infection control committee that is able to collect and disseminate data is the next essential step. Education of health care providers to provide uniformity of health care according to set guidelines is the culmination of this towards the goal of minimizing the development of anti microbial resistance.
Successful treatment of two cases of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica septicemi...Apollo Hospitals
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is emerging as a cause of hospital acquired infection particularly in immunocompromised adults. The treatment of this bacterium is difficult since it is intrinsically resistant to a number of antibiotics. Here we report two cases of septicemia in patients who were critically ill and were successfully treated with appropriate antibiotics. Cotrimoxazole, quinolones, and rifampicin seem to be drugs effective against E. meningoseptica. Antibiotic susceptibility results are ineffective in guiding treatment. The bacterium particularly colonizes water pipelines and tap faucets and occurrence of infection by this bacterium should direct attention towards eradicating the source of this bacterium.
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. A growing number of infections – such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, and salmonellosis – are becoming harder to treat as the antibiotics used to treat them become less effective. Antibiotic resistance leads to longer hospital stays,higher medical costs and increased mortality.
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis: Management of the
Orbit, a Multi Institutional Study and Review of
Literature by Abhishek Kumar Ramadhin in Experiments in Rhinology & Otolaryngology
https://crimsonpublishers.com/ero/fulltext/ERO.000522.php
Candida septic arthritis is a debilitating condition affecting joint function. Candida tropicalis, an organism found in normal human flora is noted to be the third most common pathogenic yeast in the elderly and immunosuppressed population. Infections are rare in the US, typically limited to the neonate
and elderly populations. Most infections occur in the south America and southeast Asian regions. In the last 2 decades, Tropialis infection rates have risen impart due to antifungal resistance. We present a case of Candida tropicalis infection in the knee of a 13-year-old female with a past history of relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia following bone marrow transplant, pancytopenia and graft vs. host disease.
The main aim of Corona is transmission of disease from person to person, and it had also been declared as a global pandemic which has caused disaster in the respiratory system of more than five million people and killed more than half a billion people across the world. Patients surviving from Covid-19 have lower immunosuppressive CD4+ T and CD8+ T Cells. And most of the patients are in severe need of mechanical ventilation. This is the reason for a longer stay in hospital for a particular patient. Gradually, these patients have been discovered to develop fungal co-infection. This infection is deadly leading to loss of hearing, loss of sight and eventually death. The fungal infection is referred to as Mucormycosis, the black fungus. The causative agent for this infection is Mucormycotina which is a member of Mucorales. Mucormycotina usually habitats in soil and decaying organic matter. The infection of Mucormycotina is associated with a wide range of human diseases including arthritis, gastritis, renal disorders and pulmonary diseases. This infection is closely associated with the mucous layer of skin, precisely cutaneous layer. This infection is present in the nasal and upper respiratory tract. In the lower respiratory tract these infections are difficult to diagnose and treat due to the lack of precise methods. It was found those neutroponia patients are more
prone to this infection. This is caused by extensive use of chemotherapy resulting in impaired immunity. In recent times, in the case of pulmonary Mucormycosis, necrotizing pneumonia is a major symptom. A combination of antifungal and antimicrobial
agents is being used for a higher clinical recovery in the Mucormycosis case.
Successful treatment of two cases of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica septicemi...Apollo Hospitals
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is emerging as a cause of hospital acquired infection particularly in immunocompromised adults. The treatment of this bacterium is difficult since it is intrinsically resistant to a number of antibiotics. Here we report two cases of septicemia in patients who were critically ill and were successfully treated with appropriate antibiotics. Cotrimoxazole, quinolones, and rifampicin seem to be drugs effective against E. meningoseptica. Antibiotic susceptibility results are ineffective in guiding treatment. The bacterium particularly colonizes water pipelines and tap faucets and occurrence of infection by this bacterium should direct attention towards eradicating the source of this bacterium.
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. A growing number of infections – such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, and salmonellosis – are becoming harder to treat as the antibiotics used to treat them become less effective. Antibiotic resistance leads to longer hospital stays,higher medical costs and increased mortality.
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis: Management of the
Orbit, a Multi Institutional Study and Review of
Literature by Abhishek Kumar Ramadhin in Experiments in Rhinology & Otolaryngology
https://crimsonpublishers.com/ero/fulltext/ERO.000522.php
Candida septic arthritis is a debilitating condition affecting joint function. Candida tropicalis, an organism found in normal human flora is noted to be the third most common pathogenic yeast in the elderly and immunosuppressed population. Infections are rare in the US, typically limited to the neonate
and elderly populations. Most infections occur in the south America and southeast Asian regions. In the last 2 decades, Tropialis infection rates have risen impart due to antifungal resistance. We present a case of Candida tropicalis infection in the knee of a 13-year-old female with a past history of relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia following bone marrow transplant, pancytopenia and graft vs. host disease.
The main aim of Corona is transmission of disease from person to person, and it had also been declared as a global pandemic which has caused disaster in the respiratory system of more than five million people and killed more than half a billion people across the world. Patients surviving from Covid-19 have lower immunosuppressive CD4+ T and CD8+ T Cells. And most of the patients are in severe need of mechanical ventilation. This is the reason for a longer stay in hospital for a particular patient. Gradually, these patients have been discovered to develop fungal co-infection. This infection is deadly leading to loss of hearing, loss of sight and eventually death. The fungal infection is referred to as Mucormycosis, the black fungus. The causative agent for this infection is Mucormycotina which is a member of Mucorales. Mucormycotina usually habitats in soil and decaying organic matter. The infection of Mucormycotina is associated with a wide range of human diseases including arthritis, gastritis, renal disorders and pulmonary diseases. This infection is closely associated with the mucous layer of skin, precisely cutaneous layer. This infection is present in the nasal and upper respiratory tract. In the lower respiratory tract these infections are difficult to diagnose and treat due to the lack of precise methods. It was found those neutroponia patients are more
prone to this infection. This is caused by extensive use of chemotherapy resulting in impaired immunity. In recent times, in the case of pulmonary Mucormycosis, necrotizing pneumonia is a major symptom. A combination of antifungal and antimicrobial
agents is being used for a higher clinical recovery in the Mucormycosis case.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
3. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
3
The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ and
plays a crucial role in linking
1. innate first line against infection
2. adaptive immunity memorizing immunity.
As a result, the absence of the spleen is
associated with significant morbidity and
mortality
4. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
4
Functions
1. filtration of blood
The spleen is a large secondary lymphoid organ located in the blood-
stream, primarily functioning as a massive blood filter.
It filtered
1. effete red blood cells
2. antigen-antibody complexes
3. apoptotic bodies
4. damaged cells
5. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
5
2. Immunity
As a specialized immune organ
the spleen immune system plays a significant role in innate and
adaptive immunity.
1. Specialized innate immune, which is line of resonse to pathogen and
tissue injury
With cells like B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages
populate locations within the spleen.
6. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
6
2. the spleen is a crucial organ for peripheral immune tolerance,
complementing central immune tolerance.
Spleen remains the only organ in the body capable of mounting an
appropriate immune response to encapsulated bacteria.
3. Spleen houses tolerogenic immune cells like CD8+ Treg cells,
F4/80+ macrophages, CD68+F4/80+ red pulp macrophages,
CD169+ metallophillic macrophages, CD8+CD205+ splenic dendritic
cells (DCs), splenic CD8α+CD103+CD207+ DCs,
CD43+veCD19hiCD5+veIgMhiIgDlo B cells, and splenic NKT cells
that express regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and
secreted (RANTES/CCL5) chemokine.
7. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
7
4. Splenocytes are extra-thymic autoimmune regulator gene
(AIRE) expressing cells that regulate tissue-specific antigens'
expression to confer peripheral immune tolerance.
As such, the spleen provides the right site for
counteracting autoimmunity. Splenectomy in both study
animals and humans results in overwhelming infections with,
especially encapsulated bacteria.
5. The anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) is
closely related to the spleen that related to transplant
survival.
6. The role of the spleen in anti-tumor immunity yields an
inconclusive result.
8. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
8
7. Opsonized pathogens are mopped up from blood by the spleen and
liver, but poorly opsonized microbes like Streptococcus
pneumoniae are only removed from circulation by the spleen.
Upon splenectomy follows the massive loss of immunoglobulin (Ig)-M
memory B cells, loss of splenic clearance of opsonized bacteria due
to loss of marginal zone monocytes. Henceforth, a higher prevalence
of severe infections within the first year after splenectomy, with half of
the cases occurring within the first month
9. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
9
Dangerous omplication
The mortality of post-splenectomy sepsis (PSS, also called overwhelming
post-splenectomy infection [OPSI]), the most dangerous complication,
reaches 30–50%.
Studies report incidence rates of 7–8 infections requiring hospitalization
per 100 patient-years and a post-splenectomy sepsis incidence of 1 per
100 patient-years. Compared to the general population, patients with
asplenia have an approximately 6-fold increased risk of sepsis-related
hospitalization.
10. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
10
Recommendations
These recommendations include
1. patient education
2. Vaccinations
3. prophylactic and stand-by antibiotics
4. medical alert cards
5. travel advice and early treatment of animal bites.
Patients without a functioning spleen and their physicians should be
educated about the everyday risk of overwhelming infections and the need
of prompt recognition and treatment of infections.
11. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
11
Steps
Asplenic patients should
1. receive sequential pneumococcal vaccination (13-valent conjugate
followed by 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine),
2. meningococcal vaccination (tetravalent ACWY and serotype B
vaccine), Haemophilus influenza type b conjugate vaccine
3. yearly influenza vaccination.
4. antibiotic prophylaxis
5. A stand-by antibiotic
12. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
12
Vaccination
Elective Splenectomy Ideally start immunisation course at least TWO
(ideally four to six) weeks prior to surgery.
Emergency Splenectomy Ideally start immunisation course at least TWO
weeks post surgery.
14. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
14
ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS
All patients should be offered lifelong antibiotic prophylaxis.
Needs rebust doses when
1. Inadequate serological response to pneumococcal vaccination
2. A history of previous invasive pneumococcal disease
3. Splenectomy for underlying haematological malignancy, particularly those
who have received splenic irradiation
4. Patients with active ongoing graft-versus-host disease
17. Wednesday,
April 12, 2023
17
Travel
Patients should be educated as to the potential risks of overseas
travel, particularly with regards malaria and unusual infections, for
example those resulting from animal bites and tick bites.
Animal Bites
Human, dog or other bites may be fatal if untreated due to infection
with Capnocytophagia canimorsus and other virulent organisms. All
animal bites need to be treated quickly with antibiotics.
Tick bites :Babesiosis is a rare tick borne infection that can cause
moderate to severe disease, to take precautions against being bitten
in endemic areas. North and South America, Europe, Asia and
Africa.