This document provides an introduction to environmental engineering. It defines the environment as all surrounding physical and biological factors that affect organisms on Earth, including air, water, humans, plants and animals. Environmental engineering aims to improve the natural environment through engineering solutions to solve environmental problems and ensure a healthy environment. It involves managing waste water, pollution control, recycling, and public health issues while complying with environmental laws. The document also discusses different elements of the environment like the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. It outlines various types of environmental engineering such as water treatment and air pollution control.

1. Introduction toIntroduction to
Environmental EngineeringEnvironmental Engineering

2. What is Environment?What is Environment?
• Definition: The word environment isDefinition: The word environment is
originated from environ, which mean thingsoriginated from environ, which mean things
that surrounds.that surrounds.
• So environment means all that environ usSo environment means all that environ us
like all physical and biological surroundingslike all physical and biological surroundings
i-e air, water, human, trees, plants, animals,i-e air, water, human, trees, plants, animals,
micro-organisms, road, building etc.micro-organisms, road, building etc.

3. • Broadly speaking environment is defined asBroadly speaking environment is defined as
sum of all conditions and influence , whichsum of all conditions and influence , which
affects development and life all organism onaffects development and life all organism on
earth.earth.
• The environment is collective term for allThe environment is collective term for all
condition, in which organism lives.condition, in which organism lives.
• Thus all factor such as light, temperature,Thus all factor such as light, temperature,
water, soil, air and organism constitutewater, soil, air and organism constitute
environment.environment.

4. Who does it consist?
• Everyone &Everyone &
Everything!Everything!
– plantsplants
– insectsinsects
– animalsanimals
– humanshumans
– ecosystemsecosystems
– our planetour planet

5. • Ecology:
• It is the scientific analysis and study of
interactions and various relationship of living
organisms with each other and with their
environment.
• Population:
• The group of similar individual species that
live together in same area in same time ,in
ecological term form population.

6. • Habitat:
The type of environment in which particular
organism or population lives is its habitat
and they are habitant of it.

7. • Biodiversity: it is a term we use to define
variety of life on earth like plants, animals etc.
• It refers to wide variety of ecosystem and
living organism and their habitats.
• Ecosystem: An ecosystem is a community of
organisms interacting with each other and with
their environment such that energy is
exchanged and system-level processes .

8. • Species:
• A group of living organisms consisting of
similar individuals having similar
characteristics and capable of interbreeding.
Endangered is an specie which is in danger of
extinction.
• Fauna: The animal of specified region or time.
• Flora: The plant of specified region or time.

9. • Bacteria:
• They are unicellular(single cell)
prokaryotic(lack of cell/membrane) living
micro organism. Their importance is that (1)
they change composition and shape of
organism.(2) Alimentary canal bacteria which
help us in digestion.(3) Medical bacteria help
us in medicine making.(4) industrial bacteria
which are harmful for living organisms.

10. • However bacteria which are harmful and
causes disease are termed as pathogenic
bacteria like industrial bacteria. And those
which do not cause disease are Non-
pathogenic bacteria.

11. •Viruses: these are
very small non-cellular
parasites or pathogen
of plant and animal.

12. What is EnvironmentalWhat is Environmental
Engineering?Engineering?
Definition: The application of science andDefinition: The application of science and
engineering knowledge, concepts andengineering knowledge, concepts and
principles to improve ,or restore our naturalprinciples to improve ,or restore our natural
environment (air, water and land) and solveenvironment (air, water and land) and solve
environmental problems, in order to provideenvironmental problems, in order to provide
healthy environment for all living organism.healthy environment for all living organism.

13. • It involves management of waste water,It involves management of waste water,
pollution control, recycling waste disposal,pollution control, recycling waste disposal,
radiation protection, industrial hygiene,radiation protection, industrial hygiene,
environmental stability, and public healthenvironmental stability, and public health
issues as well as knowledge of environmentalissues as well as knowledge of environmental
laws.laws.
• It also includes study of the environmentalIt also includes study of the environmental
impacts of proposed construction projects.impacts of proposed construction projects.

14. Difference b/w EnvironmentalDifference b/w Environmental
Engineering and EnvironmentalEngineering and Environmental
science ?science ?
• Environmental science deals only with studyEnvironmental science deals only with study
of environmental issues which hazardsof environmental issues which hazards
environment, and environmental engineeringenvironment, and environmental engineering
deals with methods, techniques anddeals with methods, techniques and
application of engineering principles to solveapplication of engineering principles to solve
the environmental issues.the environmental issues.

15. What areWhat are
environmental issues?environmental issues?
• Three areas:Three areas:
– air qualityair quality
– land qualityland quality
– water qualitywater quality

16. Element of Environment

17. • Lithosphere:
• The solid part of the earth
consisting of the crust and
outer mantle.it consist of
mountainous hard layers
such as rock exist in this
layer. This layer is very near
to living things. Rocks like
granite, blast etc exist in ths
layer.

18. • lyer.Hydrosphere:
• the watery layer of the earth's surface;
includes water vapor etc.
• It consist of ocean, sea river etc. it covers 71%
of total earth in which 97% is saline water.

19. Atmosphere
• It cover whole area sorrounding the earth
upto 800km. It consist of different gases such
as nitrogen oxygen and co2. nitrogen cover
78%, in atmosphere, oxygen 21%. Co2 is
heavy gas and settle to lower layer atmos
• Atmos consist of following layers
• 1 Troposphere consist of clouds etc not
suitable for aircraft. 2 stratosphere which is
very stable and suitable for aircraft

20. • Mespsphere third layer 85km high from earth
surface here mixing of air takes place.

21. • Tratosphere part of atmos
• It is lower dense layer of atmos. It consist of cloud
etc and environmental or seasonal changes takes
place in this sphere uts height is 18km from earth
surface

22. • Biosphere:
• difference ecosystem whether
terrestrial or aquatic are linked
together and collectively
constitute a giant ecosystem is
called biosphere.
• The biosphere consist of earth
surface with few meters depth
of water and air capsule which
is of about 20km surrounding
earth . All living things live
within biosphere not beyond it.

23. Types of Environmental
Engineering
• Environmental chemistry
• Environmental microbiology
• Environmental impact assessment
• Environmental hydrology
• Environmental health and safety
• Environmental quality of modeling and
monitoring

24. • Water and waste water treatment,
distribution and disposal
• Air pollution and its control.
• Noise pollution and its control.
• Solid and hazards waste management.