Environmental science is the interdisciplinary study of how humans interact with their environment. It includes both the scientific and social aspects of human impacts on the natural world. The environment includes all living and non-living things that surround us, from other organisms to the built structures of human civilization. Environmental science draws from fields like biology, chemistry, physics, economics and sociology to understand complex environmental problems and develop sustainable solutions. Some of the major challenges we currently face are depletion of natural resources, climate change, and loss of biodiversity due to human activities.
Theme 4 - Climate Change Mitigation and AdaptationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Christopher Martius, Henry Neufeldt, Glenn Hyman and Laura Snook focuses on the objectives and structure of the climate change adaptation and mitigation program of the FTA Research Program, their evolution over time, the major accomplishments and the main obstacles and challenges.
The Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction was held from 14 to 18 March 2015 in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Several thousand participants attended, including at related events linked to the World Conference under the umbrella of building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters. The United Nations General Assembly Resolution for 2013 on International Strategy for Disaster Reduction states that the World Conference will result in a concise, focused, forward-looking, and action-oriented outcome document and will have the following objectives:
* To complete assessment and review of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action;
* To consider the experience gained through the regional and national strategies/institutions and plans for disaster risk reduction and their recommendations as well as relevant regional agreements within the implementation of the Hyogo Framework of Action;
* To adopt a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;
* To identify modalities of cooperation based on commitments to implement a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;
* To determine modalities to periodically review the implementation of a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction.
Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
Theme 4 - Climate Change Mitigation and AdaptationCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Christopher Martius, Henry Neufeldt, Glenn Hyman and Laura Snook focuses on the objectives and structure of the climate change adaptation and mitigation program of the FTA Research Program, their evolution over time, the major accomplishments and the main obstacles and challenges.
The Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction was held from 14 to 18 March 2015 in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Several thousand participants attended, including at related events linked to the World Conference under the umbrella of building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters. The United Nations General Assembly Resolution for 2013 on International Strategy for Disaster Reduction states that the World Conference will result in a concise, focused, forward-looking, and action-oriented outcome document and will have the following objectives:
* To complete assessment and review of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action;
* To consider the experience gained through the regional and national strategies/institutions and plans for disaster risk reduction and their recommendations as well as relevant regional agreements within the implementation of the Hyogo Framework of Action;
* To adopt a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;
* To identify modalities of cooperation based on commitments to implement a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction;
* To determine modalities to periodically review the implementation of a post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction.
Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
The Human-Environment Relationship: Key Concepts and ModelsSteve Zavestoski
Lecture delivered at ABV Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, as part of HUMANS | ENVIRONMENT | DEVELOPMENT lecture series as U.S. Fulbright Specialist, 30 Jan to 12 March, 2014.
More and more importers are requiring their suppliers to have an Environmental Management System. But why? How do importers benefit from working with a supplier that has an Environmental Management System?
The Human-Environment Relationship: Key Concepts and ModelsSteve Zavestoski
Lecture delivered at ABV Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, as part of HUMANS | ENVIRONMENT | DEVELOPMENT lecture series as U.S. Fulbright Specialist, 30 Jan to 12 March, 2014.
More and more importers are requiring their suppliers to have an Environmental Management System. But why? How do importers benefit from working with a supplier that has an Environmental Management System?
the presentation is most importantly for the ones who are concerned for the environment and human impacts which are harming it. the presentation is making people aware about what they should do to the earth and what not
it is about the environmental issues done by human being and spoil our environment.
here i present some issues which is dangerous for our environment.
effects of this issues are also mentioned in ppt this ppt is useful for people who want a change in our environment.
Introduction to environment and environmental studiesSURYAKANTVERMA2
“Environmental studies” is the scientific study of our environment and our place in it.
Definition: “Environmental studies” is the study of environmental issues.
It has broader coverage than environmental science and includes social aspects of environment also.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENT, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETYVEENASHAHI
The thrust of all development activities has been on industrialization, trade and urbanization as symbols of national growth and progress. There is significant relationship between environment and technology and society.
As Europe's leading economic powerhouse and the fourth-largest hashtag#economy globally, Germany stands at the forefront of innovation and industrial might. Renowned for its precision engineering and high-tech sectors, Germany's economic structure is heavily supported by a robust service industry, accounting for approximately 68% of its GDP. This economic clout and strategic geopolitical stance position Germany as a focal point in the global cyber threat landscape.
In the face of escalating global tensions, particularly those emanating from geopolitical disputes with nations like hashtag#Russia and hashtag#China, hashtag#Germany has witnessed a significant uptick in targeted cyber operations. Our analysis indicates a marked increase in hashtag#cyberattack sophistication aimed at critical infrastructure and key industrial sectors. These attacks range from ransomware campaigns to hashtag#AdvancedPersistentThreats (hashtag#APTs), threatening national security and business integrity.
🔑 Key findings include:
🔍 Increased frequency and complexity of cyber threats.
🔍 Escalation of state-sponsored and criminally motivated cyber operations.
🔍 Active dark web exchanges of malicious tools and tactics.
Our comprehensive report delves into these challenges, using a blend of open-source and proprietary data collection techniques. By monitoring activity on critical networks and analyzing attack patterns, our team provides a detailed overview of the threats facing German entities.
This report aims to equip stakeholders across public and private sectors with the knowledge to enhance their defensive strategies, reduce exposure to cyber risks, and reinforce Germany's resilience against cyber threats.
Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation - Final Version - 5.23...John Andrews
SlideShare Description for "Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation"
Title: Chatty Kathy: Enhancing Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Description:
Discover how Chatty Kathy, an innovative project developed at the UNC Bootcamp, aims to tackle the challenge of low physical activity among older adults. Our AI-driven solution uses peer interaction to boost and sustain exercise levels, significantly improving health outcomes. This presentation covers our problem statement, the rationale behind Chatty Kathy, synthetic data and persona creation, model performance metrics, a visual demonstration of the project, and potential future developments. Join us for an insightful Q&A session to explore the potential of this groundbreaking project.
Project Team: Jay Requarth, Jana Avery, John Andrews, Dr. Dick Davis II, Nee Buntoum, Nam Yeongjin & Mat Nicholas
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Explore our comprehensive data analysis project presentation on predicting product ad campaign performance. Learn how data-driven insights can optimize your marketing strategies and enhance campaign effectiveness. Perfect for professionals and students looking to understand the power of data analysis in advertising. for more details visit: https://bostoninstituteofanalytics.org/data-science-and-artificial-intelligence/
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Empowering the Data Analytics Ecosystem: A Laser Focus on Value
The data analytics ecosystem thrives when every component functions at its peak, unlocking the true potential of data. Here's a laser focus on key areas for an empowered ecosystem:
1. Democratize Access, Not Data:
Granular Access Controls: Provide users with self-service tools tailored to their specific needs, preventing data overload and misuse.
Data Catalogs: Implement robust data catalogs for easy discovery and understanding of available data sources.
2. Foster Collaboration with Clear Roles:
Data Mesh Architecture: Break down data silos by creating a distributed data ownership model with clear ownership and responsibilities.
Collaborative Workspaces: Utilize interactive platforms where data scientists, analysts, and domain experts can work seamlessly together.
3. Leverage Advanced Analytics Strategically:
AI-powered Automation: Automate repetitive tasks like data cleaning and feature engineering, freeing up data talent for higher-level analysis.
Right-Tool Selection: Strategically choose the most effective advanced analytics techniques (e.g., AI, ML) based on specific business problems.
4. Prioritize Data Quality with Automation:
Automated Data Validation: Implement automated data quality checks to identify and rectify errors at the source, minimizing downstream issues.
Data Lineage Tracking: Track the flow of data throughout the ecosystem, ensuring transparency and facilitating root cause analysis for errors.
5. Cultivate a Data-Driven Mindset:
Metrics-Driven Performance Management: Align KPIs and performance metrics with data-driven insights to ensure actionable decision making.
Data Storytelling Workshops: Equip stakeholders with the skills to translate complex data findings into compelling narratives that drive action.
Benefits of a Precise Ecosystem:
Sharpened Focus: Precise access and clear roles ensure everyone works with the most relevant data, maximizing efficiency.
Actionable Insights: Strategic analytics and automated quality checks lead to more reliable and actionable data insights.
Continuous Improvement: Data-driven performance management fosters a culture of learning and continuous improvement.
Sustainable Growth: Empowered by data, organizations can make informed decisions to drive sustainable growth and innovation.
By focusing on these precise actions, organizations can create an empowered data analytics ecosystem that delivers real value by driving data-driven decisions and maximizing the return on their data investment.
2. What is Environmental Science?
The study of how humans interact with their environment.
Our environment is everything that surrounds us, both
natural and man-made.
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary field that
includes both scientific and social aspects of human
impact on the world.
5. Environment: the total of our
surroundings
• All the things around us with which we interact:
• Living things
Animals, plants, forests, fungi, etc.
• Nonliving things
Continents, oceans, clouds, soil, rocks
• Our built environment
Buildings, human-created living centers
• Social relationships and institutions
7. Components of Environment
The two major Components of environment are :
Biotic components: All living organisms around us viz. plants,
animals, and microorganisms
Abiotic components : Air, Water, and Land etc.
8. Natural resources: vital to human survival
• Renewable resources:
Perpetually available: sunlight, wind, wave energy
Renew themselves over short periods: timber, water, soil
These can be destroyed
• Nonrenewable resources: can be depleted
Oil, coal, minerals
9. Objectives of Environmental science:
According to UNESCO (1971), the objectives of environmental studies are:
(a) Creating the awareness about environmental problems among people.
(b) Imparting basic knowledge about the environment and its allied
problems.
(c) Developing an attitude of concern for the environment.
(d) Motivating public to participate in environment protection and
environment improvement.
(e) Acquiring skills to help the concerned individuals in identifying and
solving environmental problems.
(f) Striving to attain harmony with Nature.
10. Scope of Environmental Studies:
Environmental Science: Environmental Engineering:
Environmental Management
scientific study of environmental system
(air, water, soil and land), the inherent or
induced changes on organisms and the
environmental damages incurred as a
result of human interaction with the
environment.
the study of technical processes
involved in the protection of
environment from the potentially
deleterious effects of human
activity and improving the
environmental quality for the
health and well beings of
humans
promotes due regard for
physical, social and economic
environment of the enterprise
or projects. It encourages
planned investment at the
start of the production chain
rather than forced investment
in cleaning up at the end
Environment impact assessment, economics of pollution,
prevention, environmental management standards
11. What are the challenges we face?
What are the environmental issues we are facing today?
15. We face challenges in agriculture
• Expanded food production led to
increased population and
consumption
• It’s one of humanity’s greatest
achievements, but at an enormous
environmental cost
• Nearly half of the planet’s land
surface is used for agriculture
• Chemical fertilizers
• Pesticides
• Erosion
• Changed natural systems
16. We face challenges in climate
• Scientists have firmly concluded that humans are changing the composition of
the atmosphere
• The Earth’s surface is warming
• Melting glaciers
• Rising sea levels
• Impacted wildlife and crops
• Increasingly destructive weather
Since the Industrial Revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide
concentrations have risen by 37%, to the highest level in
650,000 years
17.
18. We face challenges in biodiversity
• Human actions have driven many species extinct, and biodiversity is declining
dramatically
Biodiversity loss may be our biggest environmental
problem; once a species is extinct, it is gone forever
21. Our energy choices will affect our future
• The lives we live today are due to fossil fuels
• Machines
• Chemicals
• Transportation
• Products
• Fossil fuels are a one-time bonanza;
supplies will certainly decline
We have used up ½ of the world’s oil
supplies; how will we handle this
imminent fossil fuel shortage?
22. Man and Environment
Activities: Hunting, mining,agriculture
We are dependent on environment for food (plants,animals) and
shelter (mud ,brick,stones).
Goods manufacturing
Trade and transport
23. Traditional Method of Farming
Traditional Use
Planting were coordinated with the movement
of plant and stars
Harmony with the local Environment and
Seasons
Cultivate large no of Crops varieties.
Rotation of crop and Soil fertility
Mixing sand, Slit and clay in right proportion.
Modern Use
Heavy use of chemical and pesticides
Local biodiversity affected
Use of Vehicles.
Threats
Food security
GMO Food
Pesticides
24. Effect of agriculture on Environment
Grazing and agriculture: Oldest economic activities by
human
New methods of agriculture, new seed, new fertilizers–
Bring changes in natural environment
ILL EFFECTS OF FARMING:
Multiple cropping makes soil less productive
Over watering makes soil saline
Fertilizers usage: makes soil and water polluted
Pesticides usage: kills microorganisms in the soil
Extension in agriculture may cause deforestation
25. Housing and its impacts on Environment
1) Rural housing
No system for waste management
Poor sanitation facilities
Domestic animals (cows, buffalows) create unhealthy conditions
Drinking water often contaminated
2) Urban housing
Over crowding: puts pressure on land and natural resources
Slums(unauthorized settlements): disease-prone
More pollution because of industries
Dumping of solid waste a problem
26. Traditional method of fishing
Traditional
Fishers have extensive
knowledge of oceans and
fisheries
Mesh size of the nets was
designed to catch only a
particular species, and among
them only the adult fish
Modern
Mechanized boats and later big
trawlers.
Outsiders entered in the
business with the aim of cating
as much fish as possible
Threats
No regards for conservation of
resource.
27. Impact of Science and technology on
the environment
Invention of Engines and Automobiles
Efficient machines were made on the cost of environment
Cutting down the trees
Invention of concrete building of dams, and diversion of
rivers water for agriculture and power production
Chemical fertilizer and pesticides
Huge amount of ground water is extracted with pumps
28. Importance of Environmental Studies
Solving the issues related to environment
Pollution
Over exploitation of non-renewable sources
Food problem
Sustainable development
Maintain the ecological balance
Eco friendly product
Conservation of natural sources
Understand the food chain
Inculcating attitude and value
Encouraging Environment protection
29. Components of Environment
Earth’s environment can be further subdivided into the
following four segments:
(1) Atmosphere
(2) Lithosphere
(3) Hydrosphere
(4) Biosphere
4
30. Atmosphere
It is the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth and extends upto
500 kms above the earth’s surface.
Constituent Volume %
Nitrogen 78.1
Oxygen 20.9
Water vapour 0.1–5
Argon 0.9
Carbon dioxide 0.03
Trace constituents* Balance
*The trace constituents include Helium, Neon, Krypton, xenon, SO2, NO2,
Ammonia, Ozone, and
Carbon monoxide etc.
The atmosphere, which is a gaseous cover, protects the earth
from cosmic radiations and provides life sustaining
Oxygen, the macronutrient Nitrogen and Carbon
dioxide needed for photosynthesis.
The atmosphere screens the dangerous UV radiations from the sun
and allows only radiations in the range of 300 nm – 2500 nm (near
UV to near IR) and radio waves.
The atmosphere plays a major role in maintaining the heat balance
of the earth by absorbing there-emitted radiation from the earth.
5
6
31. Five Layers of the Atmosphere
Troposphere : lowest layer – extends up to 10km; contains 99% of the water vapor and 75% of
the atmospheric gases
• The troposphere is the first layer above the surface and contains most clouds and half of the
Earth's atmosphere.
• Weather occurs in this layer
Stratosphere – directly above troposphere, extending from 10 km to about 50 km above Earth’s
surface
• Portion of the upper layer contains high levels of a gas called ozone
• Many jet aircrafts fly in the stratosphere because it is very stable. Also, the ozone layer absorbs
harmful rays from the Sun
Mesosphere – extends from the top of the stratosphere to about 85 km above Earth
• Coldest layer with little ozone
• Meteors or rock fragments burn up in the mesosphere.
• Ionosphere here – layer of charged particles
Thermosphere – thickest atmospheric layer found between 85 km and 500 km above Earth’s
surface
• The thermosphere is a layer with auroras, known for its high temperatures.
Warms as it filters out X-rays and gamma rays from the Sun
Ionosphere here, too – help carry radio waves
Exosphere - The atmosphere merges into space in the extremely thin exosphere. This is the
upper limit of our atmosphere.
• Outer layer where space shuttle orbits.
32. Environmental disasters : Case studies
1. Bhopal Gas Tragedy
A poisonous gas cloud escaped from the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide factory. The cloud
contained 15 metric tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC), covering an area of more than 30 square miles. This event
is now known as the worst industrial environmental disaster to ever have occurred.
Research showed that factory personnel neglected a number of safety procedures. There were no valves to
prevent water from entering the storage tanks.
33. On April 26, 1986 tests were conducted in nuclear reactor 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in
Ukraine. Errors in the reactor design and errors in judgment of the personnel of the power plant caused
cooling water to start boiling. This caused reactor stress, resulting in energy production increased to ten
times the normal level. Temperatures reached more than 2000 °C, causing fuel rod melting and further
cooling water boiling.
Radioactive particles released: plutonium, cesium, iodine, strontium
2.Chernobyl: Russian nuclear power plant explosion
34. 3. Oil spills
Many times occurred.
During Gulf War 1991,
Mumbai : In Arabic sea 2010
The gas leak killed at least 4.000 local residents instantly and caused health problems such as oedema for at least 50.000 to perhaps 500.000 people. These health problems killed around 15.000 more victims in the years that followed. Approximately 100.000 people still suffer from chronic disease consequential to gas exposure, today. Research conducted by the BBC in 2004 pointed out that this pollution still causes people to fall ill, and ten more die every year.
