Importance of eye donation
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one must pledge to donate their eyes.......i think my ppt will give some information regarding that......
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EYE DONATION
1) The document discusses the importance of eyesight and donating eyes after death to help the blind see again. It notes that 1.8 million people in India are blind due to corneal issues.
2) Only the cornea can be donated, which takes 15-20 minutes to remove. Anyone can donate their eyes after death regardless of age or health conditions.
3) Donating eyes gives the gift of sight to others and helps prevent blindness, yet many myths exist about donation that prevent people from pledging to donate. The document urges people to pledge and donate their eyes.
Eye donation
About awareness of eye donation. Author is assistant professor in Ayurvedic Ophthalmology MES Ayurved Mahavidyalaya and consulting ayurvedic ophthalmologist at Shree Vyankatesh Netralay Chiplun.
Eye donation
Eye donation involves removing the cornea from a deceased donor's eyes within 4-6 hours of death to provide vision to those suffering from corneal blindness or low vision. Globally, 4.6 million people experience corneal blindness due to conditions like infections, injuries, malnutrition or congenital disorders. The cornea is a thin transparent tissue at the front of the eye that can be replaced through corneal transplantation if it becomes cloudy or damaged. Donated corneas are preserved and stored by eye banks until being distributed for transplantation surgery. However, around 50% of donated corneas in India currently go unused due to factors like delayed retrieval, infection or improper storage.
Anatomy of the conjunctiva
The conjunctiva is a mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the anterior sclera of the eye. It has several functions including lubricating the eye and contributing to immune surveillance. The conjunctiva consists of the palpebral, bulbar, and forniceal conjunctiva. The palpebral conjunctiva lines the inner surface of the eyelids and is subdivided into the marginal, tarsal, and orbital conjunctiva. The bulbar conjunctiva covers the anterior sclera and is separated from it by the episcleral tissue. It consists of the limbal and scleral conjunctiva. The conjunctival fornices are cul
Cataract
This document provides an overview of cataracts, including:
- Definitions and types of cataracts such as developmental, acquired, congenital, and secondary.
- Causes of cataracts including age, genetics, trauma, toxins, and medical conditions.
- Classification systems for cataracts based on location, shape, degree of opacity.
- Symptoms such as decreased vision and glare.
- Stages of cortical and nuclear cataracts.
- Secondary cataracts that develop due to underlying ocular diseases.
Keratoplasty
Dr. Karan Bhatia provides an overview of keratoplasty (corneal transplantation). There are different types including penetrating keratoplasty (replacing the full thickness of the diseased cornea), partial thickness lamellar keratoplasty, and rotational keratoplasty. Penetrating keratoplasty has been the standard procedure but carries risks. The history and techniques of penetrating keratoplasty are described in detail including pre-operative evaluation, donor cornea excision, recipient cornea trephination, suturing, and post-operative management. Potential complications are also reviewed. Lamellar keratoplasty is introduced as an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty to reduce risks
Corneal transplantation
Corneal transplantation has evolved significantly since the first attempts in the early 1800s. Today, it is one of the most common and successful organ transplant procedures. The document traces the key developments in corneal grafting surgery, from the first suggestions of replacing opaque corneas to modern techniques like Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty. It provides details on procedures like penetrating keratoplasty and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, including indications, surgical steps, potential complications, and post-operative management. The success of corneal transplantation techniques has expanded treatment options for corneal diseases and visual rehabilitation.
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is a common eyelid inflammation that can be caused by bacterial infections or dry eye conditions. It is characterized by scaling or crusting of the eyelashes and eyelid margins. There are two main types - anterior blepharitis, which involves inflammation at the base of the eyelashes, and posterior blepharitis, which affects the glands of the eyelid. Symptoms include burning, irritation, tearing and worsening in the morning. Treatment focuses on eyelid hygiene through warm compresses and lid scrubs to remove scales and debris. Blepharitis can exacerbate dry eye and may cause long-term eyelid changes if left untreated. It may also increase risks of certain inflammatory
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EYE DONATION
1) The document discusses the importance of eyesight and donating eyes after death to help the blind see again. It notes that 1.8 million people in India are blind due to corneal issues.
2) Only the cornea can be donated, which takes 15-20 minutes to remove. Anyone can donate their eyes after death regardless of age or health conditions.
3) Donating eyes gives the gift of sight to others and helps prevent blindness, yet many myths exist about donation that prevent people from pledging to donate. The document urges people to pledge and donate their eyes.
Eye donation
About awareness of eye donation. Author is assistant professor in Ayurvedic Ophthalmology MES Ayurved Mahavidyalaya and consulting ayurvedic ophthalmologist at Shree Vyankatesh Netralay Chiplun.
Eye donation
Eye donation involves removing the cornea from a deceased donor's eyes within 4-6 hours of death to provide vision to those suffering from corneal blindness or low vision. Globally, 4.6 million people experience corneal blindness due to conditions like infections, injuries, malnutrition or congenital disorders. The cornea is a thin transparent tissue at the front of the eye that can be replaced through corneal transplantation if it becomes cloudy or damaged. Donated corneas are preserved and stored by eye banks until being distributed for transplantation surgery. However, around 50% of donated corneas in India currently go unused due to factors like delayed retrieval, infection or improper storage.
Anatomy of the conjunctiva
The conjunctiva is a mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the anterior sclera of the eye. It has several functions including lubricating the eye and contributing to immune surveillance. The conjunctiva consists of the palpebral, bulbar, and forniceal conjunctiva. The palpebral conjunctiva lines the inner surface of the eyelids and is subdivided into the marginal, tarsal, and orbital conjunctiva. The bulbar conjunctiva covers the anterior sclera and is separated from it by the episcleral tissue. It consists of the limbal and scleral conjunctiva. The conjunctival fornices are cul
Cataract
This document provides an overview of cataracts, including:
- Definitions and types of cataracts such as developmental, acquired, congenital, and secondary.
- Causes of cataracts including age, genetics, trauma, toxins, and medical conditions.
- Classification systems for cataracts based on location, shape, degree of opacity.
- Symptoms such as decreased vision and glare.
- Stages of cortical and nuclear cataracts.
- Secondary cataracts that develop due to underlying ocular diseases.
Keratoplasty
Dr. Karan Bhatia provides an overview of keratoplasty (corneal transplantation). There are different types including penetrating keratoplasty (replacing the full thickness of the diseased cornea), partial thickness lamellar keratoplasty, and rotational keratoplasty. Penetrating keratoplasty has been the standard procedure but carries risks. The history and techniques of penetrating keratoplasty are described in detail including pre-operative evaluation, donor cornea excision, recipient cornea trephination, suturing, and post-operative management. Potential complications are also reviewed. Lamellar keratoplasty is introduced as an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty to reduce risks
Corneal transplantation
Corneal transplantation has evolved significantly since the first attempts in the early 1800s. Today, it is one of the most common and successful organ transplant procedures. The document traces the key developments in corneal grafting surgery, from the first suggestions of replacing opaque corneas to modern techniques like Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty. It provides details on procedures like penetrating keratoplasty and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, including indications, surgical steps, potential complications, and post-operative management. The success of corneal transplantation techniques has expanded treatment options for corneal diseases and visual rehabilitation.
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is a common eyelid inflammation that can be caused by bacterial infections or dry eye conditions. It is characterized by scaling or crusting of the eyelashes and eyelid margins. There are two main types - anterior blepharitis, which involves inflammation at the base of the eyelashes, and posterior blepharitis, which affects the glands of the eyelid. Symptoms include burning, irritation, tearing and worsening in the morning. Treatment focuses on eyelid hygiene through warm compresses and lid scrubs to remove scales and debris. Blepharitis can exacerbate dry eye and may cause long-term eyelid changes if left untreated. It may also increase risks of certain inflammatory
Complication of cataract surgery
The document summarizes various potential complications that can occur during or after cataract surgery. Preoperative complications include anxiety, nausea, allergic conjunctivitis, corneal abrasion, and issues with local anesthesia administration. Operative complications involve injuries to tissues like the iris or lens and issues with the capsulorhexis or vitreous loss. Early postoperative complications include hyphaema, iris prolapse, striate keratopathy, flat anterior chamber, uveitis, and bacterial endophthalmitis. Late postoperative issues relate to the intraocular lens. Managing complications depends on the specific issue but may involve resuturing wounds, administering medications, or additional surgeries.
Conjunctiva
The conjunctiva is a thin, semi-transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the sclera. It has three parts: the palpebral conjunctiva covers the inner eyelid, the forniceal conjunctiva is in the eyelid folds, and the bulbar conjunctiva covers the eyeball. The conjunctiva contains goblet cells that secrete mucus and has blood vessels for nutrition and lymphatic drainage. It helps maintain the tear film and prevents microbes from entering the eye.
Retinal Detachment | Ophthalmology
This document discusses different types of retinal detachment. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is the most common type and occurs when there is a break or tear in the retina that allows fluid from the vitreous to enter the subretinal space. Tractional retinal detachment occurs when the retina is pulled away from the retinal pigment epithelium due to contraction of fibrous tissue in the vitreous. Exudative retinal detachment occurs when fluid accumulates beneath the retinal pigment epithelium due to inflammation or vascular issues. The document outlines causes, symptoms, examinations, and treatments for each type of retinal detachment.
EYE DONATION
This document discusses eye donation and its importance in India. It notes that India has 30% of global blindness, with 52 million visually impaired people and 1 in 1000 children being blind. Only 40,720 eyes are collected annually to help the 20-25,000 new cases of corneal blindness each year. The cornea can be donated within 6-8 hours of death to help restore sight to those suffering from corneal blindness. While myths exist, all religions support eye donation, only the cornea is removed in a short procedure, and anyone can pledge their eyes regardless of age, gender, medical conditions or religion. The document appeals for people to pledge and donate their eyes.
Eye banking
This document discusses cornea blindness in India and strategies for increasing eye donation and cornea collection. It provides the following key points:
1. 20% of blindness in India is caused by cornea blindness, with 3 million people affected. Current cornea collection meets only 70% of the estimated need of 250,000 corneas per year.
2. Eye banks play a crucial role in cornea retrieval, processing, and distribution but awareness campaigns have had limited impact on actual collections. Grief counselors are needed to approach families and obtain consent under presumed consent laws.
3. Setting up eye banks and cornea collection centers requires certain infrastructure, equipment, and staff. Lions Clubs are well
Community ophthalmology
This document summarizes information about community ophthalmology and the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) in India. It discusses the basic principles of community ophthalmology, types of blindness, goals of the NPCB program, and strategies to reduce blindness prevalence such as cataract surgery programs and health education. The global Vision 2020 initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness is also summarized.
anatomy & physiology of lens
The document provides information on the anatomy and physiology of the lens. It discusses the position, dimensions, surfaces, parts and zones of the lens. It describes the biochemistry of the lens including its water, protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid content. It explains the metabolic activities of the lens such as glucose metabolism and protein synthesis and breakdown. It discusses permeability, transport mechanisms and the role of various components in maintaining lens transparency.
Eye donation
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Cataract surgery
This document provides information on cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation in dogs. It discusses the structure of the normal eye, different types and classifications of cataracts. It describes various surgical techniques for cataract removal including discission and aspiration, extracapsular extraction, and phacoemulsification. It also covers patient selection, pre-operative care, anesthesia, intraocular lenses, and post-operative care and complications. The goal of cataract surgery is to remove the opaque lens and restore vision through implantation of an intraocular lens.
Vision 2020 REVISION NOTES
Vision 2020 is a global initiative to eliminate preventable blindness by 2020. It targets diseases like cataract, refractive errors, childhood blindness, trachoma, and onchocerciasis globally. In India, it also focuses on glaucoma, corneal opacity, and diabetic retinopathy. The program implements a 4-tier system of primary vision centers, secondary service centers, tertiary training centers, and centers of excellence. Onchocerciasis is not included for India since it is not prevalent, and epidemic conjunctivitis is excluded globally and nationally. Cataract is the major cause of blindness in India. School screening programs help identify and refer children who cannot read certain lines to community health centers
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The document discusses the physiology and biochemistry of the lens and the process of cataractogenesis. It covers the main contents of the lens, water transport and metabolism, proteins, lens metabolism, glucose metabolism, oxidative damage mechanisms, factors maintaining transparency, and various types and causes of cataracts. The three main types of age-related cataracts discussed are nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Risk factors for cataracts include increasing age, low socioeconomic status, female sex, smoking, alcoholism, steroid use, radiation exposure, and various medical conditions.
Myopia
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a refractive condition where parallel rays of light focus in front of the retina. There are several types of myopia based on etiology. Simple myopia is the most common type and results from axial elongation of the eyeball. Pathological myopia can lead to degenerative changes in the retina and choroid over time like myopic crescents if left untreated. Treatment options include optical correction with glasses or contacts, refractive surgeries like LASIK, and low vision aids for advanced cases. Proper diet and genetic counseling can help manage risk of progression.
Recent trends in eye banking
This document discusses recent trends in eye banking. It provides details on the purpose and functions of an eye bank, including collecting donated eye tissue, evaluating it for suitability and quality, preserving it to maintain viability, and distributing the tissue for corneal transplant procedures. Key milestones in eye banking and storage techniques are summarized. The evaluation process using slit lamp examination, serological testing, and specular microscopy to assess endothelial cell density, shape, and integrity is outlined.
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(1) Small incision cataract surgery involves making small incisions in the eye to remove the cataract through minimally invasive techniques. (2) Key steps include preparing and draping the eye, administering anesthesia, placing a bridle suture, performing a peritomy, creating a sclerocorneal tunnel, performing capsulotomy, hydroprocedures, and managing the nucleus before inserting an IOL. (3) Complications to watch for include globe perforation, bleeding, muscle injury, failed bridle suture, and post-op ptosis.
Eye donation
Corneal transplantation, also known as corneal grafting, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue. The cornea is the clear tissue covering the front of the eye that allows light to enter. Corneal blindness affects mainly children and young adults and can be caused by injuries, infections, malnutrition, chemical burns, or postoperative complications. Donated eyes can restore sight to those suffering from corneal blindness through transplantation, but there is a shortage of donor eyes in Pakistan resulting in long waitlists of patients needing transplants.
Chalazion
A chalazion is a small, painless lump on the eyelid caused by a blocked meibomian oil gland. It develops on the upper or lower eyelid as a result of inflammation or viruses affecting the glands. Symptoms include a painless swelling on the eyelid that may blur vision. Treatment typically involves applying a warm compress and sometimes antibiotics or steroids if it does not improve on its own.
Uveitis ppt
This document provides an overview of uveitis, including:
- Definitions of uveitis and the structures of the eye involved
- Classification of uveitis into anterior, intermediate, posterior, and pan-uveitic types
- Signs and symptoms, causes like infections and autoimmune diseases, and pathophysiology involving immune and genetic factors
- Diagnosis through examination and testing, as well as treatment using steroids, immunosuppressants, mydriatics, and natural products like turmeric
- Prognosis being generally good with treatment but potential for vision loss, and epidemiology with uveitis affecting approximately 1 in 5,000 people.
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This document describes various ophthalmic surgical instruments and their uses. It provides details on instruments such as wire speculums for keeping eyelids apart during surgery, chalazion clamps and scoops for incising and curing chalazions, ptosis clamps for holding the levator muscle during ptosis surgery, and muscle hooks and enucleation spoons for engaging tissues during eye removal procedures. Additional instruments covered include probes for examining lacrimal drainage pathways, forceps for tissue manipulation, knives and blades for making incisions, and irrigation tools for fluid control during cataract surgery.
Cataract surgery
basics of cataract surgery for ophthalmic assistant , 2nd year
what is cataract ? instruments used in cataract surgery ? types of cataract surgery ?
Anatomy & physiology of human eye lens
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the human eye lens. It describes the location of the lens in the eyeball between the iris and vitreous. The lens is a transparent, biconvex structure that is around 9-10mm in diameter in adults. It has two surfaces, an anterior and posterior surface, that are less and more convex respectively. The lens focuses light through adjustments in thickness and curvature controlled by the ciliary muscle and suspensory ligaments. The document also discusses lens transparency, metabolism, refractive power, and cataract classification.
Eye donation
The document discusses corneal transplantation as a way to restore vision for corneal blindness in India. It notes that over 120 million people in India are blind in both eyes, comprising one quarter of the world's total blind population. However, there is a severe lack of donors for corneal transplantation in India due to issues like lack of awareness, social and religious beliefs, and improper infrastructure development. The document calls for awareness campaigns through healthcare teams, media, and educational institutions to increase donors and address the donor shortage.
NEED FOR EYE DONATION
This document discusses eye donation and corneal blindness. It notes that the cornea can become damaged from disease, injury or infection, causing vision loss. Corneal blindness disproportionately affects children and young adults. While approximately 1.1 million people in India are waiting for corneal transplants, only 20,000-25,000 donated eyes are collected annually. Eye donation can provide sight to two people through transplantation of a single donated cornea. The document encourages pledging eyes after death and increasing awareness of eye donation.
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The document summarizes various potential complications that can occur during or after cataract surgery. Preoperative complications include anxiety, nausea, allergic conjunctivitis, corneal abrasion, and issues with local anesthesia administration. Operative complications involve injuries to tissues like the iris or lens and issues with the capsulorhexis or vitreous loss. Early postoperative complications include hyphaema, iris prolapse, striate keratopathy, flat anterior chamber, uveitis, and bacterial endophthalmitis. Late postoperative issues relate to the intraocular lens. Managing complications depends on the specific issue but may involve resuturing wounds, administering medications, or additional surgeries.
Conjunctiva
The conjunctiva is a thin, semi-transparent mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the sclera. It has three parts: the palpebral conjunctiva covers the inner eyelid, the forniceal conjunctiva is in the eyelid folds, and the bulbar conjunctiva covers the eyeball. The conjunctiva contains goblet cells that secrete mucus and has blood vessels for nutrition and lymphatic drainage. It helps maintain the tear film and prevents microbes from entering the eye.
Retinal Detachment | Ophthalmology
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EYE DONATION
This document discusses eye donation and its importance in India. It notes that India has 30% of global blindness, with 52 million visually impaired people and 1 in 1000 children being blind. Only 40,720 eyes are collected annually to help the 20-25,000 new cases of corneal blindness each year. The cornea can be donated within 6-8 hours of death to help restore sight to those suffering from corneal blindness. While myths exist, all religions support eye donation, only the cornea is removed in a short procedure, and anyone can pledge their eyes regardless of age, gender, medical conditions or religion. The document appeals for people to pledge and donate their eyes.
Eye banking
This document discusses cornea blindness in India and strategies for increasing eye donation and cornea collection. It provides the following key points:
1. 20% of blindness in India is caused by cornea blindness, with 3 million people affected. Current cornea collection meets only 70% of the estimated need of 250,000 corneas per year.
2. Eye banks play a crucial role in cornea retrieval, processing, and distribution but awareness campaigns have had limited impact on actual collections. Grief counselors are needed to approach families and obtain consent under presumed consent laws.
3. Setting up eye banks and cornea collection centers requires certain infrastructure, equipment, and staff. Lions Clubs are well
Community ophthalmology
This document summarizes information about community ophthalmology and the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) in India. It discusses the basic principles of community ophthalmology, types of blindness, goals of the NPCB program, and strategies to reduce blindness prevalence such as cataract surgery programs and health education. The global Vision 2020 initiative to eliminate avoidable blindness is also summarized.
anatomy & physiology of lens
The document provides information on the anatomy and physiology of the lens. It discusses the position, dimensions, surfaces, parts and zones of the lens. It describes the biochemistry of the lens including its water, protein, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid content. It explains the metabolic activities of the lens such as glucose metabolism and protein synthesis and breakdown. It discusses permeability, transport mechanisms and the role of various components in maintaining lens transparency.
Eye donation
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Cataract surgery
This document provides information on cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation in dogs. It discusses the structure of the normal eye, different types and classifications of cataracts. It describes various surgical techniques for cataract removal including discission and aspiration, extracapsular extraction, and phacoemulsification. It also covers patient selection, pre-operative care, anesthesia, intraocular lenses, and post-operative care and complications. The goal of cataract surgery is to remove the opaque lens and restore vision through implantation of an intraocular lens.
Vision 2020 REVISION NOTES
Vision 2020 is a global initiative to eliminate preventable blindness by 2020. It targets diseases like cataract, refractive errors, childhood blindness, trachoma, and onchocerciasis globally. In India, it also focuses on glaucoma, corneal opacity, and diabetic retinopathy. The program implements a 4-tier system of primary vision centers, secondary service centers, tertiary training centers, and centers of excellence. Onchocerciasis is not included for India since it is not prevalent, and epidemic conjunctivitis is excluded globally and nationally. Cataract is the major cause of blindness in India. School screening programs help identify and refer children who cannot read certain lines to community health centers
Physiology of lens and cataractogenesis sivateja
The document discusses the physiology and biochemistry of the lens and the process of cataractogenesis. It covers the main contents of the lens, water transport and metabolism, proteins, lens metabolism, glucose metabolism, oxidative damage mechanisms, factors maintaining transparency, and various types and causes of cataracts. The three main types of age-related cataracts discussed are nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Risk factors for cataracts include increasing age, low socioeconomic status, female sex, smoking, alcoholism, steroid use, radiation exposure, and various medical conditions.
Myopia
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a refractive condition where parallel rays of light focus in front of the retina. There are several types of myopia based on etiology. Simple myopia is the most common type and results from axial elongation of the eyeball. Pathological myopia can lead to degenerative changes in the retina and choroid over time like myopic crescents if left untreated. Treatment options include optical correction with glasses or contacts, refractive surgeries like LASIK, and low vision aids for advanced cases. Proper diet and genetic counseling can help manage risk of progression.
Recent trends in eye banking
This document discusses recent trends in eye banking. It provides details on the purpose and functions of an eye bank, including collecting donated eye tissue, evaluating it for suitability and quality, preserving it to maintain viability, and distributing the tissue for corneal transplant procedures. Key milestones in eye banking and storage techniques are summarized. The evaluation process using slit lamp examination, serological testing, and specular microscopy to assess endothelial cell density, shape, and integrity is outlined.
SICS
(1) Small incision cataract surgery involves making small incisions in the eye to remove the cataract through minimally invasive techniques. (2) Key steps include preparing and draping the eye, administering anesthesia, placing a bridle suture, performing a peritomy, creating a sclerocorneal tunnel, performing capsulotomy, hydroprocedures, and managing the nucleus before inserting an IOL. (3) Complications to watch for include globe perforation, bleeding, muscle injury, failed bridle suture, and post-op ptosis.
Eye donation
Corneal transplantation, also known as corneal grafting, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue. The cornea is the clear tissue covering the front of the eye that allows light to enter. Corneal blindness affects mainly children and young adults and can be caused by injuries, infections, malnutrition, chemical burns, or postoperative complications. Donated eyes can restore sight to those suffering from corneal blindness through transplantation, but there is a shortage of donor eyes in Pakistan resulting in long waitlists of patients needing transplants.
Chalazion
A chalazion is a small, painless lump on the eyelid caused by a blocked meibomian oil gland. It develops on the upper or lower eyelid as a result of inflammation or viruses affecting the glands. Symptoms include a painless swelling on the eyelid that may blur vision. Treatment typically involves applying a warm compress and sometimes antibiotics or steroids if it does not improve on its own.
Uveitis ppt
This document provides an overview of uveitis, including:
- Definitions of uveitis and the structures of the eye involved
- Classification of uveitis into anterior, intermediate, posterior, and pan-uveitic types
- Signs and symptoms, causes like infections and autoimmune diseases, and pathophysiology involving immune and genetic factors
- Diagnosis through examination and testing, as well as treatment using steroids, immunosuppressants, mydriatics, and natural products like turmeric
- Prognosis being generally good with treatment but potential for vision loss, and epidemiology with uveitis affecting approximately 1 in 5,000 people.
Ophthalmic surgical instruments by Dr. Iddi.pptx
This document describes various ophthalmic surgical instruments and their uses. It provides details on instruments such as wire speculums for keeping eyelids apart during surgery, chalazion clamps and scoops for incising and curing chalazions, ptosis clamps for holding the levator muscle during ptosis surgery, and muscle hooks and enucleation spoons for engaging tissues during eye removal procedures. Additional instruments covered include probes for examining lacrimal drainage pathways, forceps for tissue manipulation, knives and blades for making incisions, and irrigation tools for fluid control during cataract surgery.
Cataract surgery
basics of cataract surgery for ophthalmic assistant , 2nd year
what is cataract ? instruments used in cataract surgery ? types of cataract surgery ?
Anatomy & physiology of human eye lens
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the human eye lens. It describes the location of the lens in the eyeball between the iris and vitreous. The lens is a transparent, biconvex structure that is around 9-10mm in diameter in adults. It has two surfaces, an anterior and posterior surface, that are less and more convex respectively. The lens focuses light through adjustments in thickness and curvature controlled by the ciliary muscle and suspensory ligaments. The document also discusses lens transparency, metabolism, refractive power, and cataract classification.
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The document discusses corneal transplantation as a way to restore vision for corneal blindness in India. It notes that over 120 million people in India are blind in both eyes, comprising one quarter of the world's total blind population. However, there is a severe lack of donors for corneal transplantation in India due to issues like lack of awareness, social and religious beliefs, and improper infrastructure development. The document calls for awareness campaigns through healthcare teams, media, and educational institutions to increase donors and address the donor shortage.
NEED FOR EYE DONATION
This document discusses eye donation and corneal blindness. It notes that the cornea can become damaged from disease, injury or infection, causing vision loss. Corneal blindness disproportionately affects children and young adults. While approximately 1.1 million people in India are waiting for corneal transplants, only 20,000-25,000 donated eyes are collected annually. Eye donation can provide sight to two people through transplantation of a single donated cornea. The document encourages pledging eyes after death and increasing awareness of eye donation.
Eye banking
An eye bank is a nonprofit organization that retrieves, processes, stores and distributes donor corneal tissue for transplantation. Corneal blindness is a major problem in developing countries that can often be addressed through corneal transplantation, which has a high success rate. In India, the number of corneal transplants has been increasing but still does not meet the need, with over 50% of tissue coming from a few states. Eye banks are responsible for properly evaluating donor tissue through testing, examination and microscopy before distributing it to ensure safe and effective transplantation. Tissue is stored short or long-term in special nutrient media depending on preservation needs.
Eye banking and corneal transplantation 10.03.16,dr.k.n.jha
An eye bank is a nonprofit organization that collects and distributes donated corneas for transplantation. It has medical and administrative sections. The medical section handles tissue harvesting, evaluation, preservation, and distribution following medical standards. The administrative section does public awareness, fundraising, and liaison with other groups. Corneal transplantation replaces diseased cornea with donor tissue. It can be full thickness or partial thickness. The cornea is harvested, processed, and stored before being distributed for surgery. Complications include rejection and infection. Prognosis depends on factors like eyelid abnormalities and inflammation. New techniques include lamellar keratoplasty which replaces only corneal layers.
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Given here is the life stories of 40 famously successful people who failed at first but didn’t loose courage to be what they are known for.
Not everyone who's on top today got there with success after success.
The successful people aren't always the people who win, but the people who don’t give up when they loose. Their perseverance makes them successful.
Next time you're feeling down about your failures in School, College or in a Career, keep these forty famous people in mind and remind yourself that sometimes failure is just the first step towards success.
So don't loose heart if you also failed. You are prone to be successful with your consistent efforts.
Keep It Up. Cheers.. :D
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Eye donation in bangladesh
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Eye donation
ORIENTATION PROGRAM ON EYE DONATION
1)Do you know...
There are approximately 1.2 crore blind people in India.
Of these around 20 lakh corneally blind are in need of corneal transplantation.
As against an annual requirement of 75,000 to 1,00,000 corneas, only 22,000 corneas are donated in India at present.
2)Facts about eye donation:
Eyes can be donated only after death.
Eyes must be removed within 4 - 6 hours after death.
Eyes can be removed by Registered Medical Practitioner only.
The eye bank team will remove the eyes from the home of the deceased or from a hospital.
A small quantity of blood will be drawn to rule out communicable diseases.
The identities of both the donor and the recipient are kept confidential.
3) What is an eye bank?
An eye bank is the link between the donor and recipient/eye surgeon. It is an organization recognized by government to collect and distribute human eyes to those who require cornea transplants.
5. Who can donate eyes?
Eye donors could be of any age group or sex. People who use spectacles, diabetics, patients with high blood pressure, asthma patients and those without communicable diseases can donate eyes.
Persons with AIDS, Hepatitis B and C, Rabies, Septicaemia, Acute leukemia (Blood cancer), Tetanus, Cholera, and infectious diseases like Meningitis and Encephalitis cannot donate eyes.
6.What is an Eye Donation?
Donating eyes after death.
7.How can I become a donor?
A donor card can serve as an indication to your family, your legal representative and hospitals of your intention to be an eye donor.
Prospective donors should indicate their intention on donor cards and driver's licenses. Perhaps the most important single thing you can do is make your next-of-kin aware of your wishes to make sure they are carried out.
8. How quickly should eyes be removed after death?
As soon as possible, but eyes can be removed up to 6 hours after death. However, in places where the climate is hot, such as India, a shorter duration, preferably 2-4 hours is advisable.
9. Is it necessary to transport the donor to the hospital after death?
No. Eyebanks have personnel who will come to the donor’s home and remove the eyes. The procedure takes about 30-40 minutes.
10. How to donate eyes?
For donors:
Discuss your intention of eye donation with your family doctor and relatives.
The eye bank has registration cards.Fill your details in the registration cards.
Keep one part of the card in your wallet/purse.Place the second part of the card at home and inform all members of your family about your precious gift to society.
For the donor’s relative:
You have the authority and moral responsibility to donate the eyes of the deceased
Get the vital death certificate quickly.Contact your nearest eye bank as soon as possible. Close the eye lids. Cover the closed lids with moist cotton wool.Switch off the fan (Switch on the air conditioner if possible.)Raise the donor’s head by
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Importance of eye donation
- 2. Historical aspects acc to Ayurveda. Facts about Eye Donation. Eye Bank. Eye collection centers. Legal aspects. Corneal Grafting. Conclusion.
- 3. Aswini kumaras transplanted eyes of Bhaga. Congenital abnormality (janmandhata) of Dhritarashtra was not treated. It is clear that transplantation is only possible to accidental loss of vision.
- 4. Historical aspects acc to Ayurveda. Acharya Susruta said in accidentally injured eye lesser the number of patalas involved more the chance of recovery. By which we can suspect Acharya Susruta doesn't perform whole eye transplantation.
- 5. Any one at any age can pledge to donate eyes after death. The eye have to be removed with in 6hrs of death . Eye donation gives sight to 2 blind persons. Though total eye is collected only cornea is used for grafting.
- 6. Collection & distribution of cornea for the purpose of corneal grafting. Research & supply of other eye tissues . Promotion of donation. Eye bank Personnel : In charge- Ophthalmologist-Technician- Clerk cum store keeper-PRO-Driver cum Projectionist.
- 7. About 4 to 5 collection centers for one Eye bank one per 2lak population. Personnel: ophthalmic technician- social workers- honorary medical officers.
- 8. The trans plantation of Human Organ Act 1994. The donated eye wont be sold.
- 9. Synonyms: keratoplasty, corneal transplantation. Types: Auto grafting & Allografting Auto grafting: Rotational & Contra lateral.( patients own eye) Rotational keratoplasty: in which opacity of center rotated to periphery. Contra lateral keratoplasty: cornea of one eye is exchanged to other eye.
- 10. Allografting: Penetrating ,Lamellar, Small patch. Penetrating keratoplasty: Full thickness grafting. Lamellar keratoplasty: partial thickness grafting. Small patch keratoplasty: may be Full thickness or partial thickness .
- 11. Indications: Optical : to improve vision, corneal opacity, adv. Keratoconus. Therapeutic: to replace inflamed cornea not responding to conventional treatment. Cosmetic: to improve the appearance of eye ball.
- 12. Preservation: Short term : whole globe at 4c in a moist chamber.( up to 48 hrs) Intermediate: cornea in Mc carey Kauffman medium or optisol medium.( up to 2 wks) Long term :organ culture method or cryopreservation at -70 c .( up to 35 days)
- 13. Excision of donor corneal button should be cut 0.25 mm larger than the recipient. Excision of recipient corneal button with the help of corneal trephine 7.5 to 8 mm in size.
- 14. The anterior chamber is entered with razorblade knife and excision is completed using corneoscleral scissors. Suturing of the graft into host bed is done with either continuous or interrupted 10-0 sutures.
- 15. Early complications: flat anterior chamber, iris prolapse, infection, sec. glaucoma, epithelial defects and primary graft failure. Late complications: graft rejection, astigmatism.
- 16. keep eye healthy through out life which makes you happy before death –by donating them after death the receiver will be happy which gives you life after death. The preservation methods has to be improved to extend the preservation period.
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