This paper investigates the effect of different concentrations of nanostructured materials: fullerene-like (С60), onion-like carbon
(OLC) and ultra dispersed diamonds (UDD) on the formation of multicellular spheroids (MS). Chemical composition and purity of
nanomaterials is controlled by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The strength and direction of the impact of
nanomaterials on the cell population was assessed using microphotography of multicellular spheroids culture and Pearson's correlation
coefficient. The results demonstrated that UDD and OLC reduced adhesion and cohesive ability of cells and stimulated generation of cell
spheroids of ~ 3 ∙ 10 mm3 in significant amount. The fullerenes reduced in the main cell adhesion to substrate that led to formation of
cell aggregates of ~ 5 ∙ 10-3 mm3. The results could be useful for achievement of the directed cell
— In the present work, impact of UV-B radiation (280-
315nm: 0.4 W m-2) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, protein,
ascorbate, proline and lipid peroxidation have been studied in
two cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum and Synechocystis PCC
6803. UV-B radiation (2 to 6 hrs) leads to 55% inhibition of
growth in Synechocystis PCC 6803 in comparison to control
where as in Nostoc muscorum growth reduces up to 45%. This
UV-B treatment also significantly decreased the contents of
chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycocyanin. Photosynthetic
pigments decreased with increasing doses of UV-B (2 to 6 hrs)
radiation. However, the inhibitory effect in Synechocystis PCC
6803 was more pronounced than in Nostoc muscorum. With
increasing UV-B exposure period, production of ascorbate (19-
45%), proline (12-29%) and lipid peroxidation was significantly
higher in Synechocystis PCC 6803 as compared to control
sample. It was observed that lipid peroxidation enhanced 33 %
than control sample of Synechocystis PCC 6803. Our result shows
that photosynthetic apparatus is the main target of UV-B
radiation causing degradation of photosynthetic pigments. This
study concluded that Synechocystis PCC 6803 was the susceptible
organism for survival in stress condition than Nostoc muscorum.
Determination of Stability Constants and Gibbs Free Energies of Cefotaxime Zn...ijtsrd
Cefotaxime is a synthetic lactam antibiotic that is active against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Cefotaxime is able to chelate metal ions due to the presence of C=O, NH2, COOH, COOR, NH and NO electron donating groups. The stability constants and Gibbs free energies of cefotaxime Zn II were determined colorimetrically at 25 and 40 oC using continuous variation and mole ratio methods. The formation of Zn II complex with cefotaxime was studied colorimetrically at an absorption maximum of 430 nm at different temperatures. The data showed that Zn II and cefotaxime combine in the molar ratio of 1 2 at pH 7.4 with ionic strength maintained using 0.1M KNO3. Calculated stability constants values were 1.96 x 105 and 1.28 x 105 using continuous variation method and 1.11 x 105 and 1.11 x 105 using mole ratio methods at 25 and 40 oC respectively. Calculated GO for the complex were 3.01 x 104 and 3.06 x 104 J using continuous variation method and 2.88 x 104 J and 3.02 x 104 J using mole ratio method at 25 and 40 oC respectively. The stability constant results suggested that cefotaxime used in the study is a good chelating agent and can be an efficient antidote in the therapy of Zn II overload or poisoning. O. V. Ikpeazu | I. E. Otuokere | K. K. Igwe "Determination of Stability Constants and Gibbs Free Energies of Cefotaxime-Zn(II) Complex at Different Temperatures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31797.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/31797/determination-of-stability-constants-and-gibbs-free-energies-of-cefotaximeznii-complex-at-different-temperatures/o-v-ikpeazu
Just basics of mesoporous materials!!The Break through came around 1992 by both Japanese and Mobil scientist on the soft template based synthesis of mesoporous materials
Controlled Method for Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Carb...CSCJournals
The iron, cobalt- carbon materials were synthesized as catalytic complex CTC and CTC modified chlorides of Fe (III), and Co (II) with controlled method. These catalytic complexes based on the reaction of aluminum and ethylene dichloride in liquid paraffin, and due to its composition and structure in comparison with the Friedel-Crafts catalysts, has a higher stable catalytic activity. The obtained xerogel (designated as CTC-110) was submitted to thermal treatment at 200, 400, 600, and 850 ◦C. and the resulting materials were characterized by means of different techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XRFM), thermal analyses (TG/DSC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Dynamic light scattering analyses for particle size determination of the targeted samples. As a result, studies have shown that under given conditions the reaction of Al with dichloroethane leads to the improvement the carbon matrix, then after modifying this catalytic complex with different metal chloride (iron and cobalt) at different calcined temperatures leads also to modification in physical and chemical properties of the formed catalytic complexes and the different techniques which we used confirmed these results. Key word: Nanostructured materials, CTC, Fe/CTC, Co/CTC
Aligned and random nanofibrous nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engine...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Aligned and random nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffolds were electrospun from polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA). The morphology and mechanical characteristics of the nanofibers were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and tensile testing, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed fibers with an average diameter of 123 ± 32 nm and 339 ± 107 nm for aligned and random nanofibers, respectively. The mechanical data indicated the higher tensile strength and elastic modulus of aligned nanofibers. The in vitro biocompatibility of aligned and random nanofibrous scaffolds was also assessed by growing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and investigating the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) on different nanofibrous scaffolds. Our findings showed that the alignment orientation of nanofibers enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. The in vitro results showed that the aligned biocomposite nanofibrous scaffolds of PCL/nHA/PVA could be a potential substrate for tissue engineering applications, especially in the field of artificial bone implant.
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Anti-Proliferative Properties o...IJEAB
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cancer. In the present study, pH responsive chitosan polymer coated Dox nanoparticle (Composite) was developed to investigate targeted drug delivery against breast cancer. The anticancer drug DOX-ZnO QDs was loaded to the chitosan nanoparticles. The synthesized free and drug loaded nanoparticle were analyzed using Fourier transmission electron microscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis). The particle size was measured using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Further, the composite was evaluated for its anticancer effects. Drug release analysis showed significantly larger amount of drug released in acidic pH of 5.0 compared to pH 7.4. The composite was significantly more cytotoxic to the breast cancer cells MCF-7 and SKBR-3. The composite was however, less toxic to HEK-293 human embryonic kidney cells confirming minimum side effects on normal cells andcytotoxic to tumor cells. DAPI staining showed nuclear degradation in composite treated breast cancer cells. The cellular uptake of the composite was analyzed by confocal microscopy. The composite induced a G0/G1 phase arrest in breast cancer cells and the number of colonies formed by the composite treated breast cancer cells formed less number of colonies compared to free NP. Our results showed that our composite could serve as a promising therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes against various malignancies.
Determination of 8-Hydroxy-2 Deoxyguanosine in Pseudomonas Fluorescens Freeze...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Oxidative DNA damage is involved in the f cell death induced by freeze-dried powder during storage. Cell 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is widely accepted as a biomarker of the “freeze-dried bacteria” oxidative DNA damage. The aim of this study was to introduce a method for determination 8-oxodG in cell freeze-dried samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In the tested range of 0.5 µmol L-1 to 1.0 nmol L-1, the calibration curve was linear (r2=0.9995) and the limit of detection was 0.05 µmol L-1. The used method did not allow highlighting the presence in the samples of the 8OH within the limits of detection. A more successful method (more sensitive) would be needed to detect possibly the 8OH.
Synthesis and Characterization of High Quality Mesoporous Material SBA-16 wit...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
— In the present work, impact of UV-B radiation (280-
315nm: 0.4 W m-2) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, protein,
ascorbate, proline and lipid peroxidation have been studied in
two cyanobacteria Nostoc muscorum and Synechocystis PCC
6803. UV-B radiation (2 to 6 hrs) leads to 55% inhibition of
growth in Synechocystis PCC 6803 in comparison to control
where as in Nostoc muscorum growth reduces up to 45%. This
UV-B treatment also significantly decreased the contents of
chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycocyanin. Photosynthetic
pigments decreased with increasing doses of UV-B (2 to 6 hrs)
radiation. However, the inhibitory effect in Synechocystis PCC
6803 was more pronounced than in Nostoc muscorum. With
increasing UV-B exposure period, production of ascorbate (19-
45%), proline (12-29%) and lipid peroxidation was significantly
higher in Synechocystis PCC 6803 as compared to control
sample. It was observed that lipid peroxidation enhanced 33 %
than control sample of Synechocystis PCC 6803. Our result shows
that photosynthetic apparatus is the main target of UV-B
radiation causing degradation of photosynthetic pigments. This
study concluded that Synechocystis PCC 6803 was the susceptible
organism for survival in stress condition than Nostoc muscorum.
Determination of Stability Constants and Gibbs Free Energies of Cefotaxime Zn...ijtsrd
Cefotaxime is a synthetic lactam antibiotic that is active against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Cefotaxime is able to chelate metal ions due to the presence of C=O, NH2, COOH, COOR, NH and NO electron donating groups. The stability constants and Gibbs free energies of cefotaxime Zn II were determined colorimetrically at 25 and 40 oC using continuous variation and mole ratio methods. The formation of Zn II complex with cefotaxime was studied colorimetrically at an absorption maximum of 430 nm at different temperatures. The data showed that Zn II and cefotaxime combine in the molar ratio of 1 2 at pH 7.4 with ionic strength maintained using 0.1M KNO3. Calculated stability constants values were 1.96 x 105 and 1.28 x 105 using continuous variation method and 1.11 x 105 and 1.11 x 105 using mole ratio methods at 25 and 40 oC respectively. Calculated GO for the complex were 3.01 x 104 and 3.06 x 104 J using continuous variation method and 2.88 x 104 J and 3.02 x 104 J using mole ratio method at 25 and 40 oC respectively. The stability constant results suggested that cefotaxime used in the study is a good chelating agent and can be an efficient antidote in the therapy of Zn II overload or poisoning. O. V. Ikpeazu | I. E. Otuokere | K. K. Igwe "Determination of Stability Constants and Gibbs Free Energies of Cefotaxime-Zn(II) Complex at Different Temperatures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31797.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/31797/determination-of-stability-constants-and-gibbs-free-energies-of-cefotaximeznii-complex-at-different-temperatures/o-v-ikpeazu
Just basics of mesoporous materials!!The Break through came around 1992 by both Japanese and Mobil scientist on the soft template based synthesis of mesoporous materials
Controlled Method for Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Carb...CSCJournals
The iron, cobalt- carbon materials were synthesized as catalytic complex CTC and CTC modified chlorides of Fe (III), and Co (II) with controlled method. These catalytic complexes based on the reaction of aluminum and ethylene dichloride in liquid paraffin, and due to its composition and structure in comparison with the Friedel-Crafts catalysts, has a higher stable catalytic activity. The obtained xerogel (designated as CTC-110) was submitted to thermal treatment at 200, 400, 600, and 850 ◦C. and the resulting materials were characterized by means of different techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XRFM), thermal analyses (TG/DSC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Dynamic light scattering analyses for particle size determination of the targeted samples. As a result, studies have shown that under given conditions the reaction of Al with dichloroethane leads to the improvement the carbon matrix, then after modifying this catalytic complex with different metal chloride (iron and cobalt) at different calcined temperatures leads also to modification in physical and chemical properties of the formed catalytic complexes and the different techniques which we used confirmed these results. Key word: Nanostructured materials, CTC, Fe/CTC, Co/CTC
Aligned and random nanofibrous nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engine...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Aligned and random nanocomposite nanofibrous scaffolds were electrospun from polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA). The morphology and mechanical characteristics of the nanofibers were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and tensile testing, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed fibers with an average diameter of 123 ± 32 nm and 339 ± 107 nm for aligned and random nanofibers, respectively. The mechanical data indicated the higher tensile strength and elastic modulus of aligned nanofibers. The in vitro biocompatibility of aligned and random nanofibrous scaffolds was also assessed by growing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and investigating the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) on different nanofibrous scaffolds. Our findings showed that the alignment orientation of nanofibers enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. The in vitro results showed that the aligned biocomposite nanofibrous scaffolds of PCL/nHA/PVA could be a potential substrate for tissue engineering applications, especially in the field of artificial bone implant.
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Anti-Proliferative Properties o...IJEAB
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cancer. In the present study, pH responsive chitosan polymer coated Dox nanoparticle (Composite) was developed to investigate targeted drug delivery against breast cancer. The anticancer drug DOX-ZnO QDs was loaded to the chitosan nanoparticles. The synthesized free and drug loaded nanoparticle were analyzed using Fourier transmission electron microscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis). The particle size was measured using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Further, the composite was evaluated for its anticancer effects. Drug release analysis showed significantly larger amount of drug released in acidic pH of 5.0 compared to pH 7.4. The composite was significantly more cytotoxic to the breast cancer cells MCF-7 and SKBR-3. The composite was however, less toxic to HEK-293 human embryonic kidney cells confirming minimum side effects on normal cells andcytotoxic to tumor cells. DAPI staining showed nuclear degradation in composite treated breast cancer cells. The cellular uptake of the composite was analyzed by confocal microscopy. The composite induced a G0/G1 phase arrest in breast cancer cells and the number of colonies formed by the composite treated breast cancer cells formed less number of colonies compared to free NP. Our results showed that our composite could serve as a promising therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes against various malignancies.
Determination of 8-Hydroxy-2 Deoxyguanosine in Pseudomonas Fluorescens Freeze...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Oxidative DNA damage is involved in the f cell death induced by freeze-dried powder during storage. Cell 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is widely accepted as a biomarker of the “freeze-dried bacteria” oxidative DNA damage. The aim of this study was to introduce a method for determination 8-oxodG in cell freeze-dried samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. In the tested range of 0.5 µmol L-1 to 1.0 nmol L-1, the calibration curve was linear (r2=0.9995) and the limit of detection was 0.05 µmol L-1. The used method did not allow highlighting the presence in the samples of the 8OH within the limits of detection. A more successful method (more sensitive) would be needed to detect possibly the 8OH.
Synthesis and Characterization of High Quality Mesoporous Material SBA-16 wit...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Apresentação de Slide que explica notoriamente o que é a consciência e suas observações, como por exemplo, a experiência privada, que se define como a pessoa que vive somente para ela própria.
A PROJECT REPORT ON A Study On Online Shopping Behavior Of Hostel Students fu...Vibhor Agarwal
A PROJECT REPORT
ON
A Study On Online Shopping Behavior Of Hostel Students
Includes
OBJECTIVES
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS
FINDINGS
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
LIMITATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
QUESTIONNAIRE
Abstract
Objective(s):
The field of nanotechnology is rapidly expanding .The development quantum dots quantum dot (QDs), show great promise for treatment and diagnosis of cancer and targeted drug delivery little data on the toxicity of QDs, especially for in vivo applications, are available. As a result, concerns exist over their toxicity for in vivo applications. Then, cytotoxic effects of cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots on organs development before maturity were studied in this study.
Materials and Methods:
One month old male Mice treated by injection of CdSe at the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg. Structural and optical properties of quantum dots were studied by XRD, UV-Vis absorption spectrum and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and the number of cells in seminiferous tubes of various groups were analyzed using SPSS 16 program (one way ANOVA test).
Results:
Histological studies of testis tissue showed high toxicity of cdse in the dose of 40 mg/kg which followed by decrease in lamina propria thickness, destruction in interstitial tissue, deformation of seminiferoustubes, and reduction in number cells. Also histological study of lung tissue showed in 20 and 40 mg/kg doses destruction in interstitial and epithelium tissues.
Conclusion:
On the whole, this study showed high toxicity of cdse on development of testis and lung tissues, even in low doses considering lack of literature review in this field, this study can be an introduction to researches about toxicity effect of quantum dots on development of organs.
With the increasing researches in the field of nanotechnology, various nanoparticles have become a source of interest among the nano technologists because of their great properties, like the optical properties of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles are amazing and also easy to synthesize, but to make sure its quality it is equally essential to make out characterize it, this file will do the same in a lucid way!!
A facile method to prepare CdO-Mn3O4 nanocompositeIOSR Journals
CdO-Mn3O4 nanocomposite has been prepared by a simple solvothermal method using a domestic microwave oven. Cadmium acetate, manganese acetate and urea were used as the precursors and ethylene glycol as the solvent. The as-prepared sample was annealed for 1 hour in each case at different temperatures, viz. 100, 200 and 300°C. The as-prepared and annealed samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic analyses. Results indicate that annealing at 300°C is required to get the sample with high phase purity and homogeneity. The present study indicates that the method adopted can be considered as an economical and scalable one to prepare the proposed nanocomposite with reduced size, phase purity and homogeneity.
In-vitro biological activities of the free new H4L ( indole-7-thiocarbohydrazone) ligand and its Ni(II), Pd(II) , Pt(II),
Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes are screened against two cancerous cell lines, that revealed significant
activity only for [Cu2Cl2(H4L)2(PPh3)2] after 72 h treatment by the highest tested concentrations. The Copper(I)
complex was characterized by X-ray Crystallography and the NMR spectra, whereas it has been confirmed to have
momentous cytotoxicity against ovarian, breast cancerous cell lines (Caov-3, MCF-7). The apoptosis-inducing
properties of the Cu(I) complex have been investigated through fluorescence microscopy visualization, DNA
fragmentation analysis and propidium iodide flow cytometry.
Anticancer Activity of New Di-Nuclear Copper (I) ComplexTaghreed Al-Noor
In-vitro biological activities of the free new H4L ( indole-7-thiocarbohydrazone) ligand and its Ni(II), Pd(II) , Pt(II),
Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes are screened against two cancerous cell lines, that revealed significant
activity only for [Cu2Cl2(H4L)2(PPh3)2] after 72 h treatment by the highest tested concentrations. The Copper(I)
complex was characterized by X-ray Crystallography and the NMR spectra, whereas it has been confirmed to have
momentous cytotoxicity against ovarian, breast cancerous cell lines (Caov-3, MCF-7). The apoptosis-inducing
properties of the Cu(I) complex have been investigated through fluorescence microscopy visualization, DNA
fragmentation analysis and propidium iodide flow cytometry.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Synthesis and evaluation of bactericidal properties of CuO nanoparticles agai...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s):
CuO is one of the most important transition metal oxides due to its captivating properties. It is used in various technological applications such as high critical temperature superconductors, gas sensors, in photoconductive applications, and so on. Recently, it has been used as an antimicrobial agent against various bacterial species.
Materials and Methods:
Here, we synthesized CuO nanoparticles (NPs) and explored the antibacterial activity of CuO NPs preparation.
Results:
Single crystalline nanoparticles of copper oxide having almost uniform particle size of 5-6 nm has been synthesized by a facile and versatile route. XRD spectra confirmed the formation of single phase CuO NPs. Transmission electron microscopy results corroborate well with XRD results. The technique employed is free from toxic solvents, organics and amines, is based on a simple reaction of copper sulfate and de-ionized water (DI), and their bactericidal effects against of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966T bacteria were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) with liquid culture for all of the Aeromonas hydrophila culture Medias was done.
Conclusion:
Present study confirms that Copper oxide nanoparticles have great promise as antimicrobial agent against Aeromonas hydrophila.
Austin Biomolecules: open access is a peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Biomolecules.
The journal aims to promote latest information and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians, and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of Biomolecules. Austin Biomolecules: open access accepts research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communications covering all aspects of Biomolecules.
Austin Biomolecules: open access strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Aqueous Extract of Weaver An...BRNSS Publication Hub
Environment has created creative and well-designed ways for developing nanomaterials having intriguing properties. Nanotechnology is having hope to open new avenues to combat and avert diseases using atomic-level fabrication of materials. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of weaver ant’s (Oecophylla smaragdina) nest and its characterization using valuable techniques such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy analysis. Cytotoxicity of newly synthesized silver nanoparticles was analyzed using the Vero cells. By analyzing the results critically, it is hypothesized that synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles were achieved using the molecules present in the aqueous extract of O. smaragdina nest.
Metal-organic molybdenum complexes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using ammonium heptamolybdate as the metallic source, and as the organic ligand terephthalic acid (BDC) or bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), obtained via glycolysis of poly(ethylene)terephthalate (PET). The BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo complexes were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TGA, ATR-FTIR, SEM, XPS and their in vitro biocompatibility was tested by porcine fibroblasts viability. The results show that molybdates (MoO4-2) are coordinated to the carbonyl functional groups of BDC and BHET by urea bonding (-NH-CO-NH-) which is related to their high biocompatibility and high thermal stability. These organic molybdate complexes possess rectangular prism particles made up of rods arrays characteristics of molybdenum oxides (MoO3). The organic complexes BDC-Mo and BHET-Mo do not show to be cytotoxic for porcine dermal fibroblasts growing on their surface for up to 48 h of culture.
Creation of hardware-software complex for spectral studies of thin films of b...Татьяна Гергелюк
Purpose of the work is to create a compact, easy to use specialized hardware-software system based on the measuring module to implement methods of the spectral studies of thin films of biological agents in the mid-IR, suitable for use in clinical practice for the diagnosis of cancer pathologies.
Impact of carbon nanomaterials on the formation of multicellular spheroids by...Татьяна Гергелюк
This paper investigates the effect of different concentrations of nanostructured materials: fullerene-like (С60), onion-like carbon (OLC) and ultra dispersed diamonds (UDD) on the formation of multicellular spheroids (MS). Chemical composition and purity of nanomaterials is controlled by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The strength and direction of the impact of nanomaterials on the cell population was assessed using microphotography of multicellular spheroids culture and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results demonstrated that UDD and OLC reduced adhesion and cohesive ability of cells and stimulated generation of cell spheroids of ~ 3 ∙ 10 mm3 in significant amount. The fullerenes reduced in the main cell adhesion to substrate that led to formation of cell aggregates of ~ 5 ∙ 10-3 mm3. The results could be useful for achievement of the directed cell growth in three-dimensional culture.
MODULATING EFFECT OF ESTRADIOL, IFN-γ AND T-CELLS ON ESTROGEN RECEPTORS EXPRE...Татьяна Гергелюк
The fight against malignant neoplasms is one of the most pressing problems in biology and medicine. Breast cancer (BC) takes the first place in the structure of cancer incidence and cause of death of thousands women in Ukraine
every year. One of the main treatments for breast cancer along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, is a hormonal influence on sensitive cells of the tumor. 75% of all breast tumors is hormone sensitive, because express estrogen (ER)
and progesterone receptors (PR). The most effective drugs are anti-estrogen substances, the most famous of them - tamoxifen (TAM). The level of PR and ER is an important parameter of effectiveness of TAM. Loss of sensitivity of
tumor to TAM over time may be associated with decreasing of the number of steroid receptors. In this regard, it is necessary to find methods of influence on receptor status of cells BC.
FORMATION OF MULTICELLULAR AGGREGATES UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF MICROENVI...Татьяна Гергелюк
Multicellular aggregates (spheroids) represent an inter
mittent level between monolayer growing cells and tissue cul
ture. Spheroids are rather objective model of the threedimen
sional growth and organization, the celltocell interactions
and influence of microenvironmental conditions on tumour
microaggregates. In our work formation and growth of sphe
roids depends on concentration of CMC and FCS. Conditions
of microenvironment influence on intensiveness of prolifera
tion as well as on cells adhesiveness and formation of microag
gregates.
Growth Kinetics of 2- and 3-D Cell Models as Influenced by the MicroenvironmentТатьяна Гергелюк
The noncontact cocultivation system was developed for the study of the paracrine interactions
between MCF-7 (breast carcinoma cells) and MT-4 (a line of human T-cell leukemia). Viability and proliferation
rates were determined in the adhesion and suspension fractions of MCF-7 cells sampled from two model
systems: monolayer culture and multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS). Cocultivation with MT-4 reduced the
number of MCF-7 cells in the adhesion fraction and had no effect upon the suspension fraction, despite an
increase in the total population of MCF-7 cells. The two model systems displayed a substantial difference in
cell viability, alone and in the presence of MT-4 cells – the fraction of viable cells in the monolayers was greater
than in the spheroids. It is suggested that cocultivation with MT-4 stimulates proliferation of MCF-7 cells via
a paracrine mechanism, reduces adhesion to the substrate, and leads to MTS formation.
Вплив фулеренів на виживаність клітин раку молочної залози за тривалої інкубаціїТатьяна Гергелюк
Досліджено вплив пристінних фулеренів С60 (10–5 М) на виживаність клітин MCF7 раку молочної залози за
тривалої інкубації без заміни культурального середовища. Встановлено, що на початковому етапі інкубації
після внесення фулеренів С60 у середовище культивування відбувається збільшення кількості клітин у Sфазі,
однак у подальшому спостерігається затримка клітин у фазі G2/М, втрата здатності до формування відростків
та зниження вмісту життєздатних клітин у популяції. За дії фулеренів С60 у субпопуляції, що виживає через
6 діб, збільшується вміст клітин у Sфазі.
Дослідження явища надшвидкого охолодження біологічних об'єктів для створення ...Татьяна Гергелюк
Випробування запропонованих віал “Nunc”, Німеччина, для визначення температурних градієнтів на межі переходів переохолоджений азот-внутрішня поверхня контейнера-біообєкт та складу кріопротекторів, вивчити ефективність виживання клітин MCF-7 та клітин НТ29 в середовищі з модифікованими кріопротекторами.
Дослідженні експресії білків E-кадгерину та β-катеніну у плоскоклітинному рак...Татьяна Гергелюк
Дослідити експресію маркерних білків епітеліально-
мезенхімального переходу у букальному епітелію та у
пухлині у хворих на плоскоклітинний рак та у осіб з групи
ризику.
Мета роботи – Створити компактний, простий у використанні спеціалізований апаратно-програмний комплекс на основі вимірювального модуля для реалізації методики спектрального дослідження тонких плівок біологічних речовин у середньому ІЧ-діапа-зоні, придатний для використання у клінічній практиці для діагностики онкологічних патологій.
The study pro-and anti- oncogenic activity of the cellular origin biologica...Татьяна Гергелюк
The aim of the study was to characterize the influence of biologically active substances of cell origin on proliferation, survival, receptor profile and ability to form multicellular spheroids tumor cells in vitro and in animal tumor models.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Impact of carbon nanomaterials on the formation of multicellular spheroids by tumor cells
1. PACS numbers: 61. 46+w, 61.48+c, 61.48De, 87.15-v, 87.64-t
Impact of carbon nanomaterials on the formation of
multicellular spheroids by tumor cells.
O.M.Yakymchuk
1
, O.M.Perepelytsina
1
, А.D.Rud
2
, I.M.Kirian
2
, M.V.Sydorenko
1
1
GO “Department for biotechnical problems of diagnostic Institute for problems of cryobiology and cryomedicine of NAS
Ukraine”.
2
G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of NAS Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
Abstract This paper investigates the effect of different concentrations of nanostructured materials: fullerene-like (С60), onion-like carbon
(OLC) and ultra dispersed diamonds (UDD) on the formation of multicellular spheroids (MS). Chemical composition and purity of
nanomaterials is controlled by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The strength and direction of the impact of
nanomaterials on the cell population was assessed using microphotography of multicellular spheroids culture and Pearson's correlation
coefficient. The results demonstrated that UDD and OLC reduced adhesion and cohesive ability of cells and stimulated generation of cell
spheroids of ~ 3 ∙ 10 mm3
in significant amount. The fullerenes reduced in the main cell adhesion to substrate that led to formation of
cell aggregates of ~ 5 ∙ 10-3
mm3
. The results could be useful for achievement of the directed cell growth in three-dimensional culture.
Keywords: ultra dispersed diamonds, fullerenes, onion-like carbon, multicellular spheroids.
Introduction
Recently, in literature biological and medical properties of nanostructured materials has attracted abundant interest
[1-5]. Creation of biologically similar nanodevices with essential qualities requires multidisciplinary research efforts that
can be translated directly into new technologies and products for biomedical applications. The aim of our study is to
compare the cytological influence of nanoscaled materials with different structure. In the study we used tree types of
nanomaterials (NM): ultra dispersed diamonds (UDD), C60 fullerenes and onion-like carbon (OLC).
In our study we suggest that biological property of nanostructured materials is determined by their spatial
structure, the presence of functional groups and the ability to aggregate. In this context we compared biological influence
of NM with different physic-chemical characteristics.
Ultra dispersed diamonds [2] have unique physical and chemical properties: highly developed surface of particles
(270 - 280 m2
/g), a large number of charged groups (carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, ester), carbon fragments and trace
metals [6, 7]. In the literature, there are contradictory data about toxicity of the UDD and their possible applications in
biology and medicine. For example, in [8-10] have been shown that intramuscular and subcutaneous injections of sterile
nanodiamonds didn`t have destructive influence on the cells in the field of localization. Moreover, intravenous injection of
UDD didn’t have significant changes in the nature and state of heart and other organs of experimental animals. Another
authors reported about evidently anticancer activity and anti-radiation effect of nanodiamonds [11, 12]. However, there are
some works in which a destructive effect of UDD on cells was observed [13]. Therefore, the reseach of the interaction of
nanodiamonds with biological objects and compare their effects with biological properties of onion-like carbons and
fullerenes is an important task for physics and biology research.
The fullerene molecule has a closed symmetric shape [14] which is completely unique for natural/biological
molecules. The most stable and common compound of this class is the C60 molecule. Diameter of C60 molecules is 0,708
nm is comparable with a diameter of α- helix polypeptide or steroid molecule [15]. The unusual structure of fullerenes
causes their special properties, which allow us to consider these compounds as promising for use in biological objects [16,
17]. For example, fullerenes C60 are insoluble in polar solvents such as water or methanol, but effectively extracted into
toluene and benzene. Due to the hydrophobicity the molecule of C60 can be integrated into biological membranes and
localized near phospholipids and proteins of membrane. Using lipids membranes (phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol) C60
fullerenes can penetrate the lipid matrix and change membrane permeability [18, 19]. In addition, fullerenes exhibit
renewable capacity, easily connecting to their molecules from one to six electrons, so they can act as antioxidants. Redox
potential of fullerenes allows their using as adsorbents of free radicals including reactive oxygen ones [20],
hyperproduction which causes much pathology.
A relatively new class of carbon compounds is onion-like carbon (OLC) – spherical nanoparticles composed of
enclosed concentric graphite shells. They have different properties from those of other carbon nanostructures, such as
graphite, nanotubes and nanodiamonds.. Several recent publications have shown that OLC can be used as components of
nanocapsules for drug delivery. In this case the outer layers of graphite material provided protection of drugs and can serve
as a basis for immobilization of necessary functional and receptor groups [5].
Thus, ultra diamonds, fullerenes C60 and onions are characterized by unique chemical, physical and spatial
properties, which open prospects for their utilization in biological research.
Material and methods
Getting carbon nanomaterials
Onion-like carbon. Onion-like carbon materials were produced by high-voltage electrical discharge technique in the
Institute of Pulse Research and Engineering of NAS of Ukraine. This method is based on exposure by periodic short
current pulses of hydrocarbons – source of carbon [21]. During the processing, a destruction of hydrocarbon molecules into
carbon clusters occurs what results in synthesis of different types of CNM in a process of their ultrafast cooling. After
series of electrical discharges, the working liquid with colloidal solution of carbon nanoparticles is decanted from the
2. explosive chamber and centrifugated during 0,3-2 hours. The obtained material is exsiccated at the sparing temperatures
(up to 500 K) with a purpose to form a dry powder.
Fullerens C60 were produced in the Physical-Technical Institute of the Rub of the RAS by the traditional arc evaporation
of graphite electrodes technology with following extraction by toluene in a Soxhlet apparatus.
Ultra dispersed diamonds were produced by detonation of carbon-containing explosive by the commercial enterprise
“Sinta”, Ukraine. Individual UDD particles have characteristic sizes of 4-6 nm, sizes of primary aggregates are ~ 20-30 nm
with the specific surface area of ~550 m2
/g.
Table1 The comparative table of the tree dimensional structure of the UDD, onion-like carbon and fullerenes C60 according to the
literature.
Cell line Cell line of Human Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) was used as experimental model of cell
microaggregates. The line was purchased from Bank of cell lines and tissues of animals Kavetsky` Institute of experimental
pathology, oncology and radiobiology NAS Ukraine.
The cells were handled in standard tissue culture conditions (100% humidity, 5% CO2 in air; 37°C) under laboratory
containment level 2.
FT-IR spectroscopy The chemical composition of the obtained nanomaterials were investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy.
IR spectra were determined by FTS 7000e Varian FTIR spectrometer. Samples for analysis were prepared by grinding in a
mill of a mixture of ~ 1 mg of nanomaterials and 150 mg of spectrally pure KBr. Samples were prepared by using a press
with a pressure force of 3,0 – 3,5 ∙ 103
kg/cm2
. The samples were dehydrated by heating at a temperature of 600 o
C for 60
min. Pre-shot spectra of KBr were preliminary obtained, then they are subtracted from the spectra of the samples. All
spectra of UDD, OLC and fullerenes C60 were recorded by the same technology (Table 1). All conditions of handling,
sample preparation and compositions were similar for the all used carbon nanomaterials.
Preparation of stable suspensions of nanomaterials The colloidal suspension of NM was carried out in two stages. In the
first stage, carbon nanomaterials have been subjected to ultrasonic treatment in Phosphate Saline Buffer (PBS) using an
ultrasonic disperser UZDN - 2T. For all types of nanomaterials processing modes were I = 10 mA , R = 22 kHz, duration -
10 min. In the second stage, the resulting hydrosol was dispersed by the centrifugation at room temperature. The process
includes several centrifugation cycles. So, the hydrophilic dissolving NM fraction was selected this way. Before adding to
the suspension cultured cells, solutions of NM were sterilized by boiling during 30 min.
3 - D cell model system Spheroid (3-D) model system of MCF-7 cells was cultured by well-established method which was
described in [26]. Briefly, cell suspension were counted using trypan blue and planted an equal number of cells (5 ∙ 104
cells/ml). The 3-D cell culture was maintained in RPMI medium with 10% FBS in standard conditions (100% humidity,
5% CO2 in air, 37°C). Generation of multicellular spheroids (MS) was performed by technology which was developed in
our laboratory. It means cultivation of cells for 24 hours in 24 - well plates coated with 1% agar in culture medium with
0,24% of carboxy-methyl-cellulose. For investigation the dependence of the size and number of MS on the concentration
and type of NM, MS was generated in the presence of various concentrations of UDD, OLC and C60. Before MS
generation to the cell cultures NM solution in PBS was added to culture to the end concentration of 12,5; 25; 50; 100; 150
and 200 μg/ml. Further cultivation was conducted during 48 hours at a constant rotation of plates. At the next stage micro
photo images were taken by “dark field” method. A total was done 120 images. Then, the volume of all MS, which were on
the files, was calculated. We used the formula of Rolf B'yerkviha: V = 0,4 * a * b, where a and b - the geometric sizes of
the spheroids [27].
Fullerene C60 UDD agglomerate Onion-like carbon
[22, 23] [1, 24] [21]
3. Statistical analysis, Pearson's coefficient For statistical analysis all cell aggregates were sorted into groups according to
size from 1 ∙ 10-4
mm3
to 1 ∙ 10-2
mm3
with step in 1 ∙ 10-3
mm3
and the estimated number on MS in each group and median
of MS volume for each group. For micro statistic assay normally distributed random variables we used the Student`
coefficient for small population. To determine the relationship between concentration of NM and response of experimental
biological systems Pearson`s correlation coefficient was used. It was calculated for the median size of the cell spheroid
culture and the concentration of nanostructured materials (UDD, C60, OLC) by formula [28]. The correlation coefficient
ranges from – 1(inverse relation) to +1(direct relation). Thus for independent parameters it is 0, and for closely related
approaches to the module unit.
Results
Chemical properties of nanomaterials
The chemical structure and purity of nanostructured materials which will be used in experiments was determined
by Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results were compared with literature data of FTIR spectra (Table 2.)
Chemical groups The wavelength of the absorption peaks, cm-1
O-H free, O-H 3573, very weak
-NH2, = NH, >NH 3373 - 3432, very broad
C – H (symmetric) 3006 – 2854, very weak
C – H (asymmetric) 2851, very weak
R2 - C2O3 1717, very broad
-NH2, >C=C< 1619 - 1654, very broad
5-, 6- гранні циклічні вуглеводні 1176 - 1452, broad
C-OH, absorbed CO, CO2 1102,2 , 1247, medium
Aromatic anhydrites 1800 - 1000, very broad
C-H aromatic 792 - 920, weak
Radial movement of carbon atoms 527- 576, very broad
Table 2 Compliance of FTIR analysis-based absorption peaks to types of chemical bonds in carbon nanomaterials [1, 29, 30].
The results of FTIR assay were demonstrated on Fig.1-3. The main features of UDD and OLC (Fig. 1, 2)
correspond to the groups O−H stretched (3600 - 3200 cm- 1
) and the amplitude of vibrations at 1619 cm-1
decreased. The
amino group (−NH2) showed a strong signal at 3431 and 3411 cm-1
. Also in these samples low vibration peaks of methyl
(at 2924 - 2913 cm-1
), methylene (at 2845 - 2851 cm-1
) and aromatic C − H groups (792 cm-1
) are observed. More that that,
there are quite intense peaks of carbohydrate linkages in the region of 1717 cm-1
, it indicated the presence of carboxyl
groups. There was also a shift and decrease in intensity of the C−O covalent band vibrations, which were fixed at 1619 and
1653 cm-1
. Meanwhile, some carbonyl groups can emerge from adsorbed CO and CO2 (at 1102 and 1247 cm-1
,
respectively) in UDD specters. The appearance of vibration at 1359 cm-1
is evidence of presence in UDD of cyclic carbon
groups.
Figure1 FTIR spectra of UDD.
4. Figure 2 FTIR spectra of onion-like carbon.
Figure 3 FTIR spectra of fullerenes C60.
Strong signals in the area of wave number 1182-1427 cm-1
were observed for fullerenes C60, which can be
attributed to presence of a large fraction of carbon cyclic pentagonal compounds (Fig. 3). In addition, according to the
obtained spectra fullerenes C60 have a small amount of absorbed or covalent chemical additives. Instead, there is a
predictable strong peak of initial radial movement of carbon atoms (at 527 - 576 cm-1
) and aromatic C - H groups’ vibration
from 792 to 920 cm-1
. Our spectra were similar to those presented by other authors [1, 24, 25, 29, 30], which allowed us to
conclude that compliance with the chemical structure of the samples, their proper degree of purification are relevant for use
in further biological studies.
Effect of nanostructured materials for formation of multicellular spheroids
For the first step we generated multicell spheroids in the presence of the same concentrations of the UDD, OLC
and C60. Then we determined the dependence of the size and number of multicellular aggregates on the concentration and
type of nanostructured materials. All cultures of cell spheroids were photographed and processed in the same way (Fig.4).
5. Figure 4 Images of MS culture in presence of NM in concentration 25 and 200µg/ml
In particular, all cell aggregates were sorted into groups according to volume values: from 10-4
mm3
to 10-2
mm3
with step of 10-3
mm3
. After that, number of cell aggregates in each group were estimated (Fig.5), medians of MS volume
in each group were calculated and compared with concentration of nanomaterials (Fig.6).
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
0.01 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
Volume of MS, mm3
NumberofMS
Control
С60
UDD
OLC
(b)
Figure 5 Dependence of the MS number and volume from co-cultured concentration and sort of NM: (a) - 25 µg/ml of NM, (b) - 200
µg/ml of NM.
So, it was found that the presence of OLC in culture medium leads to decreasing the size of cell spheroids and
increasing their number. The same trend was observed in the culture with UDD. So at concentration 20 µg/ml of NM, the
largest number of MS in 5 fields of view was observed in culture with UDD and OLC - 47 and 48 aggregates respectively.
In the presence of C60 were formed 27 MS, in control culture - only 22 MS (Fig.5a). Along with increasing concentrations
of NM this trend continued. And at 200 µg/ml of NM the number of MS in culture with UDD and OLC in 3 times is more
than in control samples and reached 59 and 60 MS (Fig.5b). Increasing concentration of C60 to 200 µg/ml didn’t correlate
with increasing number of MS (Fig.5b). Perhaps, OLC and UDD acted as modifiers of adhesive properties of surface in
tumor cells culture, reducing not only the cells adhesion to the substrate, but also cohesion between the cells themselves.
This assumption is supported by decreasing an average volume of cell spheroids with increasing concentration of OLC and
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
0.01 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
Volume of MS, mm3
NumberofMS
Control
С60
UDD
OLC
(a)
6. UDD (Fig.6). Perhaps, that why we observed a very small number of cell spheroids larger than 1 ∙ 10-3
mm3
in co-culture
with UDD and OLC (Fig.5), even compared with the control. The opposite results we obtained if tumor cells were co-
cultured with fullerene C60. After increasing concentration of C60 we observed the increaseing of the number of spheroids
and average volume larger than 3 ∙ 10-3
mm3
, of cell spheroids (Fig.5, 6). Thus, the effect of C60 was manifested as
increasing of the number of cell spheroids, so also in stimulating cohesive in cell populations. The same takes place as with
small concentrations of C60 (12,5 – 50 µg/ml) - average volume of cell spheroids was ranged from 3 to 4,5 ∙ 10-3
mm3
.
Increasing concentrations of C60 to 100 - 200 µg/ml resulted in increasing average volume of cell spheroids to 5 ∙ 10-3
mm3
(Fig. 6).
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
12.5 25 50 100 150 200
concentration of NM, E-06 g/ml
MedianaofMSvolume,E-03mm3
control C60 UDD OLC
Figure 6 The dependence of the median of MS volume and nanostructured materials concentration. OLC – onion-like carbon, UDD –
ultra dispersed diamonds, C60 – fullerenes C60.
At the last stepage, the correlation between the number and size of cell aggregates and the concentration of
experimental nanomaterials was analyzed using Pearson's coefficient. The obtained results are shown in Table 3. We
demonstrate a positive correlation between spheroids sizes and concentration of C60 which is confirmed by the statistical
analysis: the Pearson` coefficient for C60 is 0,5. At the same time, inverse correlation between the sizes of cell aggregates
and concentration is observed for OLC and UDD – 0,84 and 0.74, respectively (Table 3). These effects are also confirmed
by the ratio of the cell aggregates size in control samples and after incubation with NM. In Table 3 the results in the
smallest and the largest concentration of NM are shown.
Co-cultured
nanomaterials,
Median of V,
Е-03 мм3
,
25,0 µg/ml Vеx/Vc, %
Median of V,
Е-03 мм3
,
200,0 µg/ml Vеx/Vc, %
Pirson`
coefficient
correlation
Control 2,65±0,06
Fullerens, С60 3,54±0,27 133,6 4,79±0,22 180,8 0,50
OLC 3,17±0,29 119,6 1,42±0,10 53,6 -0,85
UDD 2,27±0,08 85,7 1,47±0,09 55,5 -0,74
Table 3 The determination the interrelation between concentration of nanostructured materials and sizes of MS by the Pearson
correlation coefficient.
The main goal of our study was to find connection between micro-structure of nanomaterials and cell ability to
form multicellular aggregates. The results obtained suggested that NM have strong influence on cell motility, migration to
suspension and formation of multicellular aggregates. Other authors [31, 32] define the predominant relation between
cell/substrate and cell-cell interaction, substrate flexibility, rigidity and cell motility, proliferation and migration. Our
results have support this hypothesis. According to our data, we assume that UDD, OLC, C60 can decrease cell adhesion to
substrate by changing conformation of protein complex focal adhesive contacts such as integrins, talin, α-actin, filamin,
vinculin, junction filaments [33-35]. This effect can be realized via chemical covalent bonds with charged residues of the
proteins or by the physical presence of carbon aggregates in the conformation structure of adhesion proteins complex. At
the same time impact of UDD and OLC was differs from that of C60. Our results demonstrated that UDD and OLC
modulated as cell-substrate as cell-cell adhesive ability. C60 influenced only on adhesion to substrate. Reason for this
7. phenomenon may be different size, structure and chemical properties of nanoaggregates UDD, OLC and C60. Undoubtedly
it led to change in cells proliferation, differentiation, gene expression and cell survival.
Interestingly that in nanobiotechnology there are study of usage nanomaterials as artificial extracellular matrix,
scaffold and substrate [36, 37]. Most of them deal with monolayer cell culture. In this time our investigation focuses on
tree-dimentional cell culture that needs specific condition for caring on and assay. That`s why elaborated responses
reported in our work contribute suspension cell growth and may be useful for developing tissue engineering in 3-D culture.
Conclusion
Thus, as a result of our work it was found that carbon nanomaterials - onion-like carbon, ultra dispersed diamonds
and fullerenes C60, impact on cells adhesion and cohesion in culture and formation of multicellular aggregates. NM can
determine the further development of the cell population. OLC and UDD reduce cell adhesion to the substrate and cohesion
between cells and stimulate increasing the number of small cell spheroids. Fullerenes C60, opposite, create conditions for
formation cell aggregates large, up to 5 ∙ 10-3
mm3
. These conclusions are supported by statistical calculations of Pearson`
correlation coefficient, which is -0,84 for OLC, -0,74 for UDD and +0,5 for C60. Obviously, through modification of the
physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, we have possibility to influence on cell growth, depending on the tasks of
biotechnology. The significance of our dates is in discover of fundamental properties of NM which could be use as
efficient platform for various biomedical application such as stimulation directed growth of a cell population (tissue
engineering) and cell spheroid large volume (angiogenesis) or, conversely, to stimulate apoptotic processes, reducing the
survival of the cell population.
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