In-vitro biological activities of the free new H4L ( indole-7-thiocarbohydrazone) ligand and its Ni(II), Pd(II) , Pt(II),
Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes are screened against two cancerous cell lines, that revealed significant
activity only for [Cu2Cl2(H4L)2(PPh3)2] after 72 h treatment by the highest tested concentrations. The Copper(I)
complex was characterized by X-ray Crystallography and the NMR spectra, whereas it has been confirmed to have
momentous cytotoxicity against ovarian, breast cancerous cell lines (Caov-3, MCF-7). The apoptosis-inducing
properties of the Cu(I) complex have been investigated through fluorescence microscopy visualization, DNA
fragmentation analysis and propidium iodide flow cytometry.
COPPER (II) PHENANTHROLINE COMPLEXES: SYNTHESIS, SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY AND ELEC...EDITOR IJCRCPS
Reaction of copper chloride [CuCl2] with NaaiR´ in acetone medium following ligand(1-10 phenanthroline) addition leads to
[Cu(NaaiR/)(phen)] where NaaiR/ = naphthylazo imidazole /benzimidazole /pyridine = -C10H4-N=N- / -C3H2-NN-1-R/, (R =
imidazole) / -C7H4-NN-1-H (Benzimidazole), / -C3H4-N-(Pyridine), abbreviated as -N,N/-chelator, where -N(imidazole) and -N(azo)
represent N and N/, respectively; R/ = H(a), Me (b)]. The 1H NMR spectral measurements suggest the molecular structure of the
chelated complex with the protons at the aromatic region and naphthyl protons at higher ∂ value. 13C NMR spectrum suggest the
molecular skeleton. The voltammogramalso shows a small anodic peak at 0.2 V, possibly due to the Cu(I)/Cu(0) couple.
Keywords: Copper(II), Naphthylazoimidazole, NMR, IR, ESIMS.
COPPER (II) PHENANTHROLINE COMPLEXES: SYNTHESIS, SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY AND ELEC...EDITOR IJCRCPS
Reaction of copper chloride [CuCl2] with NaaiR´ in acetone medium following ligand(1-10 phenanthroline) addition leads to
[Cu(NaaiR/)(phen)] where NaaiR/ = naphthylazo imidazole /benzimidazole /pyridine = -C10H4-N=N- / -C3H2-NN-1-R/, (R =
imidazole) / -C7H4-NN-1-H (Benzimidazole), / -C3H4-N-(Pyridine), abbreviated as -N,N/-chelator, where -N(imidazole) and -N(azo)
represent N and N/, respectively; R/ = H(a), Me (b)]. The 1H NMR spectral measurements suggest the molecular structure of the
chelated complex with the protons at the aromatic region and naphthyl protons at higher ∂ value. 13C NMR spectrum suggest the
molecular skeleton. The voltammogramalso shows a small anodic peak at 0.2 V, possibly due to the Cu(I)/Cu(0) couple.
Keywords: Copper(II), Naphthylazoimidazole, NMR, IR, ESIMS.
External agents like carcinogens, pollutants, ionizing radiations produce oxidative stress in living cells generating reactive oxygen
species [ROS]. Cells have built in defense against these reactive species and keep a balance between generated ROS and their
neutralization by endogenous antioxidants [AO]. In addition, many antioxidants present in our diets react with the ROS and make
them inactive. The maintenance of balance is a continuous process inside cells to keep them functioning normally. When
generation of ROS exceeds the level of endogenous and externally added AOs , cells are driven to pathogenic state leading to
diseases. A variety of dietary AOs are available from various sources of fruits and vegetables. This paper aims to review the
molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, generation and reactions of ROS with vital molecules such as DNA, Protein and
membrane and involvement of ROS in the induction of cancer and other diseases. An attempt is made to suggest ways to reduce
cancer incidence risks , need to modify dietary foods by consuming vegetables, fruits for chemo prevention. An example has been
given to emphasize the role of curcumin as an antioxidant in the mechanism of chemoprevention.
Keywords: Oxidative stress, Carcinogens, ROS, Antioxidants, Chemoprevention.
Toward the Synthesis of a Stable Water-Soluble Manganese(II) PorphyrinNicholas Gober
Detailed report of the research project I undertook while employed as a Research Chemist at Georgia College & State University for three consecutive summers (2008-2010).
ABSTRACT:
Recent research conducted on manganese porphyrins (MnPs) has shown that these complexes have a wide array of prospective medicinal applications that extend far beyond original assertions. To date, however, only water-insoluble (i.e., non-employable in vivo) MnP derivatives have been synthesized. The central challenge with synthesizing a stable water-soluble MnP derivative like MnTMPyPCl85+, our target molecule, is halogenation of the porphyrin’s eight β-carbons—full β-chlorination must occur before insertion of the Mn2+ ion. Here, we describe attempts at β-chlorination of two pre-cursor metalloporphyrins, Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes, using three separate chlorinating agents—NCS, SOCl2, and Cl2 (g)—by widely varying reaction conditions, with close monitoring of structural changes via ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy. The largest Soret-band (λmax) shifts were exhibited by the Ni(II) complex, the most drastic of which occurred after refluxing NiTMPyP4+ (as PF6- salt) with SOCl2 (Δλmax = 26.5 nm). This result suggests that complete halogenation (i.e., λmax ≈ 456 nm) is likely feasible after few minor reaction-system modifications. The Cu(II) complex, nor either metallo-complex when Cl2 and NCS were employed as chlorinating agents, showed no significant Δλmax. Elemental analysis will be performed on the Ni(II) compound to determine its actual degree of chlorination; accordingly, to elucidate the optimum conditions under which full β-halogenation may be successfully achieved, future work will place concerted efforts on experimental designs in which the Ni(II) complex is allowed to react with SOCl2 under several varying conditions.
superoxide dismutase is a metal containing antioxidant enzyme that reduce harmful free radicals of oxygen formed during normal metabolic cell processes to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Oxidative stress has increasingly been considered a factor in numerous diseases and cancers because of its extensive presence throughout the body. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), generated continuously from oxidative phosphorylation and received from various exogenous sources, are constantly used as a key molecule for signal transduction, but under conditions of oxidative stress, when they can no longer be suppressed, they have the potential to damage the cell’s DNA. In many cases, repair mechanisms mitigate the damage, and if the damage becomes irreparable, then the cell will undergo apoptosis. In rare cases, though, DNA can get damaged to a point where the cell becomes cancerous and can eventually form a tumor. While ROS often take a significant amount of time to accumulate, once they have done so and are unable to be suppressed by cellular countermeasures, it is very likely for DNA damage to occur, and in cancerous cells, they actually enhance rapid proliferation, chronic inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This is why it is necessary to boost or introduce cellular countermeasures to mitigate the dangers of ROS. Current research on oxidative stress is mainly focusing on the benefits of antioxidants, which are commonly used by the cell to reduce ROS, and triggering apoptosis in tumors through enhanced oxidative stress conditions. This review will discuss the role of oxidative stress in tumorigenesis and cancer proliferation as well as the possible treatments, especially antioxidants and ROS-inducing drugs.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical, magnetic properties and super oxid...IOSR Journals
Five new mixed-ligand nickel (II) complexes; viz; [Ni (BHM)(PMDT)]1; [Ni(BHM)(dien)] 2; [Ni(BHM)(L1)]3; [Ni(BHM)(L2)] 4, [Ni(BHM)(L3)] 5; where H2BHM= N’-(1E)-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene] benzoylhydrazide, PMDT= N,N,N’,N,”N”-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; dien= diethylenetriamine; L1 = N,N- dimethyl-N’ (Pyrid-2-yl-methyl) ethylenediamine; L2= N-methyl-N’-(pyrid-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine; L3 = N,N-dimethyl-N’-(6-methyl)pyrid-2-ylmethyl) ethylenediamine, have been synthesized and characterized by using elemental analyses, FAB (fast atomic bombardment), magnetic measurements, electronic absorption , conductivity measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and IR- spectroscopy . All the complexes yielded an irreversible couple that can be assigned to a NiII→ NiI redox process. Infrared spectra, ligand field spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements agree with the observed octahedral environment. H2BHM is a diprotic tridentate Schiff base ligand (ONO donor atom) whereas L1-L3 possessing N3 coordination sites. The SOD activities have been measured using alkaline DMSO as a source of superoxide radical (O2–) and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) as O2– scavenger.
The role of antioxidant supplement in immune system, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative disorders: a point of view for an assessment
of the risk/benefit profile. Nutritional Journal
External agents like carcinogens, pollutants, ionizing radiations produce oxidative stress in living cells generating reactive oxygen
species [ROS]. Cells have built in defense against these reactive species and keep a balance between generated ROS and their
neutralization by endogenous antioxidants [AO]. In addition, many antioxidants present in our diets react with the ROS and make
them inactive. The maintenance of balance is a continuous process inside cells to keep them functioning normally. When
generation of ROS exceeds the level of endogenous and externally added AOs , cells are driven to pathogenic state leading to
diseases. A variety of dietary AOs are available from various sources of fruits and vegetables. This paper aims to review the
molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, generation and reactions of ROS with vital molecules such as DNA, Protein and
membrane and involvement of ROS in the induction of cancer and other diseases. An attempt is made to suggest ways to reduce
cancer incidence risks , need to modify dietary foods by consuming vegetables, fruits for chemo prevention. An example has been
given to emphasize the role of curcumin as an antioxidant in the mechanism of chemoprevention.
Keywords: Oxidative stress, Carcinogens, ROS, Antioxidants, Chemoprevention.
Toward the Synthesis of a Stable Water-Soluble Manganese(II) PorphyrinNicholas Gober
Detailed report of the research project I undertook while employed as a Research Chemist at Georgia College & State University for three consecutive summers (2008-2010).
ABSTRACT:
Recent research conducted on manganese porphyrins (MnPs) has shown that these complexes have a wide array of prospective medicinal applications that extend far beyond original assertions. To date, however, only water-insoluble (i.e., non-employable in vivo) MnP derivatives have been synthesized. The central challenge with synthesizing a stable water-soluble MnP derivative like MnTMPyPCl85+, our target molecule, is halogenation of the porphyrin’s eight β-carbons—full β-chlorination must occur before insertion of the Mn2+ ion. Here, we describe attempts at β-chlorination of two pre-cursor metalloporphyrins, Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes, using three separate chlorinating agents—NCS, SOCl2, and Cl2 (g)—by widely varying reaction conditions, with close monitoring of structural changes via ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy. The largest Soret-band (λmax) shifts were exhibited by the Ni(II) complex, the most drastic of which occurred after refluxing NiTMPyP4+ (as PF6- salt) with SOCl2 (Δλmax = 26.5 nm). This result suggests that complete halogenation (i.e., λmax ≈ 456 nm) is likely feasible after few minor reaction-system modifications. The Cu(II) complex, nor either metallo-complex when Cl2 and NCS were employed as chlorinating agents, showed no significant Δλmax. Elemental analysis will be performed on the Ni(II) compound to determine its actual degree of chlorination; accordingly, to elucidate the optimum conditions under which full β-halogenation may be successfully achieved, future work will place concerted efforts on experimental designs in which the Ni(II) complex is allowed to react with SOCl2 under several varying conditions.
superoxide dismutase is a metal containing antioxidant enzyme that reduce harmful free radicals of oxygen formed during normal metabolic cell processes to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Oxidative stress has increasingly been considered a factor in numerous diseases and cancers because of its extensive presence throughout the body. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), generated continuously from oxidative phosphorylation and received from various exogenous sources, are constantly used as a key molecule for signal transduction, but under conditions of oxidative stress, when they can no longer be suppressed, they have the potential to damage the cell’s DNA. In many cases, repair mechanisms mitigate the damage, and if the damage becomes irreparable, then the cell will undergo apoptosis. In rare cases, though, DNA can get damaged to a point where the cell becomes cancerous and can eventually form a tumor. While ROS often take a significant amount of time to accumulate, once they have done so and are unable to be suppressed by cellular countermeasures, it is very likely for DNA damage to occur, and in cancerous cells, they actually enhance rapid proliferation, chronic inflammation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This is why it is necessary to boost or introduce cellular countermeasures to mitigate the dangers of ROS. Current research on oxidative stress is mainly focusing on the benefits of antioxidants, which are commonly used by the cell to reduce ROS, and triggering apoptosis in tumors through enhanced oxidative stress conditions. This review will discuss the role of oxidative stress in tumorigenesis and cancer proliferation as well as the possible treatments, especially antioxidants and ROS-inducing drugs.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical, magnetic properties and super oxid...IOSR Journals
Five new mixed-ligand nickel (II) complexes; viz; [Ni (BHM)(PMDT)]1; [Ni(BHM)(dien)] 2; [Ni(BHM)(L1)]3; [Ni(BHM)(L2)] 4, [Ni(BHM)(L3)] 5; where H2BHM= N’-(1E)-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene] benzoylhydrazide, PMDT= N,N,N’,N,”N”-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; dien= diethylenetriamine; L1 = N,N- dimethyl-N’ (Pyrid-2-yl-methyl) ethylenediamine; L2= N-methyl-N’-(pyrid-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine; L3 = N,N-dimethyl-N’-(6-methyl)pyrid-2-ylmethyl) ethylenediamine, have been synthesized and characterized by using elemental analyses, FAB (fast atomic bombardment), magnetic measurements, electronic absorption , conductivity measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and IR- spectroscopy . All the complexes yielded an irreversible couple that can be assigned to a NiII→ NiI redox process. Infrared spectra, ligand field spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements agree with the observed octahedral environment. H2BHM is a diprotic tridentate Schiff base ligand (ONO donor atom) whereas L1-L3 possessing N3 coordination sites. The SOD activities have been measured using alkaline DMSO as a source of superoxide radical (O2–) and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) as O2– scavenger.
The role of antioxidant supplement in immune system, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative disorders: a point of view for an assessment
of the risk/benefit profile. Nutritional Journal
2017 Marketing Inishowen ~ Inishowen Tourism. ITS is creating & sharing quality digital content, on a constant basis, to drive engagement to ITS members.
ITS have built a content schedule to provide a mix of Articles to complement the visitor's journey. Food, Wildlife, Walks, Arts, Landmarks, Stories & Experiences help guide visitors when planning Inishowen trips.
Covering some of the key Dos and Don'ts of creating presentations under the following headings:
Preparation & Planning
Consistency of Style & Tone
Visual Accessibility
Slide Layout & Content
Timing & Delivery
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTIANDROGENIC E...Dr. Pradeep mitharwal
The present paper deals with synthesis and characterization
of some new chromium (III) Schiff base complexes using microwave irradiation
technique as well as conventional heating. The S∩N donor benzothiazolines, 1-
(2-furanyl) ethanone benzothiazoline (Bzt1N
∩
SH), 1-(2-thienyl) ethanone
benzothiazoline (Bzt2N
∩
SH) and 1-(2-pyridyl) ethanone benzothiazoline
(Bzt3N
∩
SH) were prepared by the condensation of ortho-aminothiophenol with
respective ketones in ethanol.
Impact of carbon nanomaterials on the formation of multicellular spheroids by...Татьяна Гергелюк
This paper investigates the effect of different concentrations of nanostructured materials: fullerene-like (С60), onion-like carbon (OLC) and ultra dispersed diamonds (UDD) on the formation of multicellular spheroids (MS). Chemical composition and purity of nanomaterials is controlled by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The strength and direction of the impact of nanomaterials on the cell population was assessed using microphotography of multicellular spheroids culture and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results demonstrated that UDD and OLC reduced adhesion and cohesive ability of cells and stimulated generation of cell spheroids of ~ 3 ∙ 10 mm3 in significant amount. The fullerenes reduced in the main cell adhesion to substrate that led to formation of cell aggregates of ~ 5 ∙ 10-3 mm3. The results could be useful for achievement of the directed cell growth in three-dimensional culture.
Impact of carbon nanomaterials on the formation of multicellular spheroids by...Татьяна Гергелюк
This paper investigates the effect of different concentrations of nanostructured materials: fullerene-like (С60), onion-like carbon
(OLC) and ultra dispersed diamonds (UDD) on the formation of multicellular spheroids (MS). Chemical composition and purity of
nanomaterials is controlled by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The strength and direction of the impact of
nanomaterials on the cell population was assessed using microphotography of multicellular spheroids culture and Pearson's correlation
coefficient. The results demonstrated that UDD and OLC reduced adhesion and cohesive ability of cells and stimulated generation of cell
spheroids of ~ 3 ∙ 10 mm3 in significant amount. The fullerenes reduced in the main cell adhesion to substrate that led to formation of
cell aggregates of ~ 5 ∙ 10-3 mm3. The results could be useful for achievement of the directed cell
Expression, purification and spectroscopic characterization of the cytochrome...John Clarkson
K.J. McLean, M.R. Cheesman, S.L. Rivers, A. Richmond, D. Leys, S.K. Chapman, G.A. Reid, N.C. Price, S.M. Kelly, J. Clarkson, W.E Smith & A.W. Munro, “Expression, Purification and Spectroscopic Characterization of the Cytochrome P450 CYP121 from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis”, J. Inorganic Biochemistry, 91, 527-541, 2002.
Shanghai ranking's global ranking of academic subjects 2020 chemistry convertedTaghreed Al-Noor
Shanghai Ranking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2020 – Chemistry
http://www.shanghairanking.com/Shanghairanking-Subject-Rankings/chemistry.html
2020 تصنيف شنغهاي للجامعات حسب الموضوع – الكيمياء
Shanghai Ranking's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2020 Chemistry
prof .Taghreed H Al-Noor أ. د تغريد هاشم النور
جامعة بغداد University of Baghdad
that causes COVID-19 is called SARS-CoV
2020 - www.compoundchem.com @
prof .Taghreed H Al-Noor أ.د تغريد هاشم النور
University of Baghdad,Chair ACS Iraq chapter
Virtual International Scientific Conference Curriculum The Role Of Higher Education And Scientific Research Formations And National Institutions In Confronting The Corona Pandemic Forensic DNA Center for Research and Training / Al-Nahrain University .American Chemical Society ACS and its role in confronting Corona pandemic )
Prof. Taghreed Hashim Al.Noor Chairman chapter Iraq of the American Chemical Society
Asian Journal of Biochemistry is an International peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publish the results of original research in form of original articles, reviews and short communications. Scope of the journal includes: Structure, function and regulation of biologically active molecules; gene structure and expression; biochemical mechanisms; protein biosynthesis; protein folding; membrane structure-function relationships; bioenergetics and immunochemistry. Asian Journal of Biochemistry now accepting new submissions. Submit your next paper via online submission system.
ACS Iraq chapter
Supported
45Mins5th International Turkic World
Conference on Chemical Sciences and
Technologies (ITWCCST 2019)” which will take place in Sakarya,
Turkey between 25-29 October 2019.
1SecondScientific Committee
Taghreed H AL-NOOR
University of Baghdad, Iraq chair ACS IRAQ member in
http://2019.itwccst.org/?page_id=149
Catalysis, chemical engineering 2019 taghreed al noorTaghreed Al-Noor
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, biological Activity and dye on
cotton fabric of mixed ligand metal complexes derived From curcumin and Lphenyl alanine, schiff Base and anthranilic acid
DFT, cytotoxicity and molecular docking studies of (E)-2((2- hydroxybenzylide...Taghreed Al-Noor
Kathmandu Symposia on Advanced Materials (KaSAM)-2018; October 26-29, 2018, Kathmandu, Nepal
DFT, cytotoxicity and molecular docking studies of (E)-2((2-
hydroxybenzylidene) amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid and its Co(II),
Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes
M.M. El-ajaily1*, S.S. Mahmoud2, R.N. El-daghare1, A.K. Sarangi3, R.K. Mohapatra3* and T.H.
Al-Noor4
1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Benghazi, Libya
2Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
3Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
4Chemistry Department, Ibn-Al-Haithem College of Education for Pure Science, Baghdad University,
Baghdad, Iraq
*E-mail: ranjank_mohapatra@yahoo.com
The cytotoxicity studies of a Schiff base; (E)-2((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid
(HL) derived from the condensation of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and L-cysteine and its Co(II), Ni(II)
and Cu(II) complexes have been reported against four cancer cell lines. The evaluation of the growth
inhibitory on human cancer cells is studied for the chelates against HCT-116, MCF-7, HFB-4,
HepG-2 cell lines. The obtained results (Fig. 1) revealed that the compounds are active against human
hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG-2).
Scimago journal & country rank taghreed al noorTaghreed Al-Noor
Scimago Journal & Country Rank
ترتيب الدول من ناحية نشر الباحثين في المجلات العالمية المصنفة و
H index جودة البحوث من خلال عدد الاقتباسات
حسب موقع
)SJR (Scimago Journal Rank الترتيب خاص بسنة 201
ACS GCCE Chemical Society ACS GCCE Chemical Society ACS GCCE Chemical Society ACS GCCE Chemical Society ACS GCCE Chemical Society ACS GCCE Chemical Society ACS GCCE Chemical Society ACS GCCE Chemical Society Capacity Building Workshop Capacity Building Workshop Capacity Building Workshop Capacity Building Workshop Capacity Building Workshop Capacity Building Workshop Capacity Building Workshop 14 -18 October, 2018 October, 2018October, 2018 October, 2018
•
Anthranillic acid and tributylphosphine4652 6725-1-pbTaghreed Al-Noor
Mixed ligand complexes of bivalent metal ions, viz; Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) of the
composition [M(A)2((PBu3)2]in(1:2:2)(M:A:(PBu3). molar ratio, (where A- Anthranilate ion
,(PBu3)= tributylphosphine. M= Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II) and Zn(II).
The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption, by FT-IR,
UV/visible spectra methods as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. The
metal complexes were tested in vitro against three types of pathogenic bacteria microorganisms:
(Staphylococcus, Klebsiella SPP .and Bacillas)to assess their antimicrobial properties. Results. The
study shows that all complexes have octahedral geometry; in addition, it has high activity against
tested bacteria. Based on the reported results, it may be concluded that.The results showed that the
deprotonated ligand(nthranilc acid ) to anthranilate ion (A-) by using (KOH) coordinated to metal
ions as bidentate ligand through the oxygen atom of the carboxylate group (−COO−), and the
nitrogen atom of the amine group (-NH2), where the Tributylphosphine coordinated as a
3rd Internatioanl Medical Congress, will be hold in Kerbala, Iraq in 14-15 De...Taghreed Al-Noor
3rd Internatioanl Medical Congress, will be hold in Kerbala, Iraq in 14-15 December 2018 by Nab'a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, and in collaboration with (University of Kerbala, University of Kufa, Directory of Research -Ministry of Health Oman, University of Sussex, University of Komar, University of Diyala, University of Qaddisya, University of Al-Anbar, University of Al-Mustansariya and Helal Iran Pharmaceutical Complex.
Facial Acne Therapy by Using Pumpkin Seed Oil with Its Physicochemical Proper...Taghreed Al-Noor
The herbal remedy individually or in combination with standard medicines has been used in diverse medical treatises for the cure of different diseases. Pumpkin seed oil is one of the recognized edible oil and has substantial medicinal properties due to the presence of unique natural edible substances. Inflammation is an adaptive response that is triggered by noxious stimuli and conditions, which involves interactions amongst many cell types and mediators, and underlies many pathological processes. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) can influence inflammation through a variety of mechanisms, and have been indicated as alternative anti-inflammatory agents to treat several inflammatory skin disorders. Pumpkin seed oil is rich in (UFAs), that its topical anti-inflammatory properties have been investigated. For that reason, the goal of this article was to evaluate the effects of pumpkin seed oil on acute and chronic cutaneous inflammation experimental models. The extracted pumpkin seed oil had an acceptable initial quality, when it was extracted using soxhlet extraction method and was characterized using standard methods .The physicochemical parameters of purified oil were determined. The boiling point of pumpkin seed oil was (158.90 oC) that equal to the values obtained in literature for some oil seeds, but lower than the boiling point of the oils studied, plus the melting point of pumpkin seed oil was (15.39 oC) that lead to a characteristic in cold cream manufacture. The iodine value was (104 ± 0.03 mg of KOH/g) of oil, indicated a high degree of unsaturation. The saponification value was (181± 3.2 mg KOH/g), this value indicated the pumpkin seed oil had fatty acids with higher number of carbon atoms. As a final point, the acid value was
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Anticancer Activity of New Di-Nuclear Copper (I) Complex
1. Chemistry and Materials Research www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224- 3224 (Print) ISSN 2225- 0956 (Online)
Vol.7 No.10, 2015
11
Anticancer Activity of New Di-Nuclear Copper (I) Complex
Abeer A. Ibrahim1
Taghreed H. Al- Noor2
1.Department of Pathological Analysis, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University,
Kurdistan Region-IRAQ
2.Department of Chemistry, Ibn -AI-Haithem College of Education, University of Baghdad, IRAQ
Abstract
In-vitro biological activities of the free new H4L ( indole-7-thiocarbohydrazone) ligand and its Ni(II), Pd(II) , Pt(II),
Cu(II), Ag(I), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes are screened against two cancerous cell lines, that revealed significant
activity only for [Cu2Cl2(H4L)2(PPh3)2] after 72 h treatment by the highest tested concentrations. The Copper(I)
complex was characterized by X-ray Crystallography and the NMR spectra, whereas it has been confirmed to have
momentous cytotoxicity against ovarian, breast cancerous cell lines (Caov-3, MCF-7). The apoptosis-inducing
properties of the Cu(I) complex have been investigated through fluorescence microscopy visualization, DNA
fragmentation analysis and propidium iodide flow cytometry.
Keywords: Cu(I) complex, biological investigation, anticancer activity & DNA fragmentation analysis.
Introduction:
Cancer is an imperative area of interest in the life sciences as it has been a prime assassin disease throughout
human history. It is not one disease, but a bulky group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread
of abnormal cells. Heterocyclic molecules are distinguished to play a critical role in health care and pharmaceutical
drug design [1,2]. In the relevant annual reviews are to be found examples of metal ions in biological systems and
coordination chemistry for the series. Inorganic chemistry useful in the medical field can be divided into two main
categories: firstly, as metal ions to a target protein is free or whether the drugs as ligands; and secondly, metal-
based drugs and imaging agents of central metal ion is usually significant of the mechanism of action [3-5]. The
choice of the coordinated ligand(s) seems to be as vital as the choice of metal(s) because being the integral part of
biologically active complexes, in addition these organic molecules (ligands) can exert a biological activity of their
own [6-11]. Purine, thiosemicarbazone, imidazole, benzohydroxamic ligands as nitrogen donor ligands include
various types of anti-cancer activities of the range of simple copper complexes have been studied when some
metal-based antitumor drugs in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated greater antineoplastic power than
Cisplatin[12] . Copper complexes are behaved as the most promising option anticancer drugs as cisplatin, when
this idea supported by a number of research articles describing the synthesis, thus DNA binding and cytotoxic
activities of many copper complexes [13,14]. There are only few complexes of Copper(I) in the literature, whereas
they also be evidence for a very sturdy cytotoxic activity against tumor cells in vitro [15,16]. Anticancer activity
of Cu(I) complex is related to their ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Copper(I) ions can reduce
hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl radical. Copper(II) ions may in turn be reduced to Cu(I) by superoxide anion(O2
•-
).
Consequently, it can be terminated that the production of reactive oxygen species such as OH•
are driven by the
Copper, in spite of the form in which it is initially introduced into the body Cu+
, or Cu2+
[17,18]. The hydroxyl
radical (OH•
) is supposed to be the main factor causing DNA damage in cells under oxidative stress [19-21]. Hence,
we emphasis to report the anticancer activity of new Copper(I) indole-7- thiocarbohydrazone complex .
Cu2+
+ O2
•–
→ Cu+
+ O2
Cu+
+ H2O2 → Cu2+
+ OH•
+ OH–
Experimental
The ligand (H4L) and its Cu(I) complex which were prepared and characterized according to the previously
described procedure [22]. The ligand(H4L) and its Cu(I) complex were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity
towards human ovarian adenocarcinoma and breast cancer cell lines (Caov-3, MCF-7) respectively .
- Cell Culture
The cell lines (Caov-3, MCF-7) were provided by Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Malaya. The cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Sigma
Aldrich) and L-glutamine at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere.
- MTT Cytotoxixity Test
MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was carried out as described by
Mosmann [23] with some modifications. The cells were seeded into 96-well plates (5000 cells/well) and allowed
to adhere overnight. Copper complex was pre-dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted to the desired
concentrations (eight concentrations, 0.39-50 µg/mL), such that the final concentrations of DMSO did not exceed
0.5%. Each cell was treated with the test compound solutions (three wells on a plate for each concentration) for
24, 48 and 72 h. Treated and untreated cells were inspected qualitatively using an inverted light microscope (100
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X). Then, 10 µl of MTT (5 mg/mL) was added to each well and the plates were incubated at 37 °C for 4 h. The
media was then gently aspirated, and 100 µl DMSO was added to dissolve the formazan crystals. The amount of
formazan product was measured spectrophotometrically at 570 nm using a microplate reader (Power Wave X 340).
The concentration of the test compound required for 50% inhibition of cell growth (IC50)was determined by
interpolation of regression analysis.
- Apoptosis Detection with Fluorescence Microscopy AO/PI Staining Assay
The cancer cell lines were seeded in a 25 mL culture-flask (1 × 106
cells/mL) and treated with the Copper complex
at the corresponding IC50 concentrations for 24, 48 and 72 h. The cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline
(PBS) and suspended in 500 µL of PBS followed by addition of a 1:1 mixture of Acridine orange (AO) 10 µg/ml
and propidium iodide (PI) 10 µg/ml. A drop of the suspension was placed on a glass slide and covered with a cover
slip. Images of the cells were taken by a UV-fluorescence microscope within 30 min.
- DNA-Fragmentation Analysis
The cancer cell lines were seeded in a 25 mL culture-flask (1 × 106
cells/mL) and treated with the respective IC50
concentrations of the test compound for 24, 48 and 72 h (control cells were treated with 0.5% DMSO vehicle).
The cells were then washed with PBS.The treated and control cells were washed with PBS and harvested. Cellular
DNA was extracted using the apoptotic DNA ladder detection kit (Chemicon International Inc., Palo Alto, CA,
USA). The DNA fragments were then separated by a 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis at 50 V for 3 h.The Gels
were then stained with ethidium bromide and visualized on a UV-illuminator.
- Cell cycle analysis
A flow cytometry analysis was carried out to determine the cell cycle distribution in treated ovarian
adenocarcinoma (Caov-3) cell line with [Cu2(H4L)2(PPh3)2Cl2] [24]. In brief, (Caov-3, MCF-7) cell lines (5×104
cells/ml) were treated with [Cu2(H4L)2(PPh3)2Cl2] at IC50 concentration for 24, 48 and 72 h. After fixation with
cold ethanol, cells were washed with PBS and stained with PI (50 µl, 10 mg/ml) for 1 h at 37 ˚C. In addition,
RNase A (10 mg/ml) was also used to limit the ability of PI to bind only to DNA molecules. The stained cell was
analyzed for DNA content using flow cytometer (BD FACSCanto TM II).
Results and discussion
- Structure of the Copper(I) complex
The reaction of H4L with equimolar amount of CuCl and PPh3 afforded the Cu(I) complex of [Cu2Cl2(H4L)2(PPh3)2]
(Scheme 1). The crystal structure of the complex is shown in (Figure 1). The thiocarbohydrazone is almost planar
(r. m. s. deviation = 0.151 Å) and adopts an anti geometry. Two neutral thiocarbohydrazones, acting as µ2-S-donor
ligands, doubly bridge pairs of the Cu(I) atom into a centrosymmetric dimer. The Cu centers within the Cu2(µ2-S)2
core are separated by 3.0681(6) Å, which is larger than sum of their van der Waals radii (2.80 Å). One Cl atom
and one PPh3 group complete a distorted tetrahedral geometry around each metal center, with coordination angles
being ca. 96-119°.The geometric parameters of the parallelogram and those pertaining to the metal centers are
compatible with the reported values for similar structures [25-27]. The Cl atom is intramolecularly hydrogen
bonded to N3, and intermolecularly H-bonded to a methanol solvate molecule. Theoretical calculations on similar
dinucler Cu(I) structures suggested that the hydrogen bonding between the halogen ligands and the solvent
molecules plays a crucial role in the formation of S-bridged dimers vs. halogen-bridged or monomeric structures
[22,25] .
Figure 1 Molecular structure of [Cu2Cl2(H4L)2(PPh3)2] with thermal ellipsoids drawn at the 30% probability level.
C-bound H atoms and methanol solvent molecules are omitted for clarity. Symmetry code: i = -x+1, -y+1, -z+1.
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Scheme 1. Synthesis of the Cu(I) complex
The Cu complex also characterized by 1
H , 13
C NMR and HSQC spectra in DMSO-d6 that in agreement
with the crystal structure, indicating the stability of the structure in the solution . The 13
C NMR spectrum shows
an upfield shift of the CS signal (∼3 ppm) from that in the spectrum of H4L. Yield 0.38 g, 53%. Anal. Calc. for
C74H62Cl2Cu2N12P2S2: C, 61.57; H, 4.33; N, 11.64. Found: C, 61.44; H, 4.08; N, 11.98%. 1
H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ
6.59 (2H, br.s, Ar-H); 6.65 (2H, br.s, Ar-H); 6.99 (2H, br.s, Ar-H); 7.16 (2H, t, J = 6.8 Hz, Ar-H); 7.24-7.48 (34H,
Ar-H); 7.58 (2H, br.s, Ar-H); 7.69(4H, m, Ar-H); 7.77 (2H, d, J = 7.7 Hz, Ar-H); 8.55 (2H, br.s, HCNN); 8.94
(2H, br.s, HCNN); 11.30 (2H, s, indole-NH); 11.33 (2H, s, indole-NH); 12.32 (2H, s, NNH); 12.55 (2H, s, NNH )
ppm. 13
C NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 102.86, 116.82, 117.92, 119.75, 119.84, 123.96, 124.14, 124.70, 126.44, 126.96,
127.14, 128.75-129.37, 130.48, 131.57, 133.71-133.96 (Ar); 149.89, 150.29 (HCNN); 172.43 (CS) ppm.
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- Cytotoxicity assay for Cu(I) complex
(Table1) lists the IC50 values of the Copper(I) complex after treating the (Caov-3, MCF-7) cancer cell lines for
24, 48 and 72 h. Based on outcomes that, the IC50 values were (13, 25.75) µM for 24 h treatment; however, the
value declined, in case of prolonged treatment, where, IC50 values were (10, 4.25) µM for 48 h treatment, and
further dropped to (4, 2.5) µM for 72 h treatment; which obviously signifies that, the prolonged treatment
considerably decreased the IC50 values, and elevated the toxic activity. For the purpose of comparability, ovarian
adenocarcinoma and breast cancer cell lines were also treated with cisplatin a clinical anticancer drug (Figure 5,
Figure 6 ), and the results presented in (Table1) that [Cu2(H4L)2(PPh3)2Cl2] revealed higher cytotoxicity than
cisplatin against the (Caov-3, MCF-7) cancer cell lines .
Table 1 IC50 (µM) values of [Cu2(H4L)2(PPh3)2Cl2] and cisplatin at different time (24, 48 and 72) h
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- Apoptosis assay
Apoptosis initiation is an anti-proliferative mechanism by which the cancer cells go through programmed death.
Cells undergoing apoptosis are characterized by morphological and biochemical changes including cell shrinkage,
chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Based on the results of the in vitro cytotoxicity assay
for [Cu2(H4L)2(PPh3)2Cl2], it was considered valuable to explore the apoptotic properties of the compound.
Apoptosis in the ovarian adenocarcinoma (Caov-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines were screened through
fluorescence microscopy visualization and DNA fragmentation analysis and propidium iodide flow cytometry.
- Fluorescence microscopy visualization
Apoptotic cells display increased plasma membrane permeability to certain fluorescent dyes. Acridine orange
(AO)/propidium iodide (PI) is a fluorochrome mixture for nuclear staining which permits uniqueness between
viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells. In this work, the ovarian adenocarcinoma (Caov-3) plus breast cancer (MCF-
7) were subjected to AO/PI staining after treatment with respective IC50 concentrations of [Cu2(H4L)2(PPh3)2Cl2]
for 24, 48 and 72 h. Fluorescence microscopy exposes that in the (Caov-3, MCF-7) cancer cell lines the Copper
complex encouraged cell death fundamentally via apoptosis especially at 72h when the apoptotic cell
clearly observed (Figure 7, Figure 8).
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- DNA Fragmentation analysis
The degeneration of nuclear DNA into nucleosomal units is a biochemical feature of apoptosis. To evaluate the
apoptotic DNA fragmentation in the cancer cells, the ovarian and breast cancer cell lines were incubated with the
correspond IC50 value of [Cu2(H4L)2(PPh3)2Cl2] for 48 and 72 h. The cells were then lysed, the nuclear DNA was
extracted, and subjected to gel electrophoresis. Inspection of the electrophoretic profiles discovered a ladder
formation detected only at 72h at both of ovarian and breast cancer cells (fragments range from 400 to 1000 bp),
which signify the incidence of apoptosis (Figure 9, Figure 10).
- Cell cycle analysis
The DNA content of cells duplicates during the S phase, therefore cells in the G0 and G1 phases (before the S phase)
have unreplicated DNA, while those in the G2 and M phases (after the S phase) have replicated DNA. Analysis of
cell cycles by flow cytometry enables to distinguish and quantify the cells in different phases of the cell cycle. On
the flow cytometry DNA histograms cells with degraded and thus hypodiploid DNA are represented in so-called
“sub-G0/G1” peaks therefore, sub-G0/G1 is a specific marker of cell death by apoptosis [28,29]. Flow cytometry
analysis of the Caov-3, MCF-7 cancer cell lines after treatments with respective IC50 concentrations of the
[Cu2(H4L)2(PPh3)2Cl2] for 24, 48 and 72 h was carried out (Figure11, Figure12). Moreover, the histogram of Caov-
3 illustrates gradual increases in the populations of sub-G0/G1 phase during the incubation periods whereas the
histogram of MCF-7 illustrates gradual increases in the populations of G2/M phase In general, flow cytometry
suggests the induction of apoptosis by the Copper(I) complex in the Caov-3 cancer cell through G0/G1 phase while
through Sub-G0/G1 phase for MCF-7 cell cycle arrest.
Conclusion
As it was presented in this article, Copper(I) coordination complex has notable and cancer-selective cytotoxicity
against the Caov-3, MCF-7 cancer cell lines as inferred from the MTT-based IC50 values and different apoptotic
assay methods in consequence, Intensive research possibly will enable to apply it as anticancer drug.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank Mashitoh Abd Rahman and Hamed Karimian from Faculty of Medicine, University of
Malaya for their assistance with the biological data collection and analysis. Financial Support from the University
of Malaya ( PPP Grant Number PV048/2012A) is highly appreciated.
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