Image j
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Image J can provides a graphical user interface with extensive image analysis commands. Image J can display, edit, analyze, process, save, and print 8-bit color and grayscale, 16-bit integer, and 32-bit floating point images. It can read many image file formats, including TIFF, PNG, GIF, JPEG, BMP, DICOM, and FITS, as well as raw formats. ImageJ can calculate area and pixel value statistics of user-defined selections and intensity-thresholded objects. It can measure distances and angles. It can create density histograms and line profile plots.
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Imagej
This document provides an overview of the ImageJ image processing software. It describes ImageJ's key features such as being open source, written in Java so it runs on multiple platforms, having a large user community and over 500 plugins. The document then covers installing ImageJ and demonstrates some basic functions through a live demo. It concludes by listing references for further information.
3D Printers and its Medical applications
This document discusses 3D printing and its applications in medicine. It begins by explaining the need for alternative organ therapies due to shortages in donor organs. It then provides an overview of 3D printing, describing the various processes and materials used. Applications discussed include tissue and organ fabrication, customized implants and prosthetics, anatomical models for surgical preparation, and customized drug dosage forms. The document concludes by discussing the cost efficiency and future trends of 3D printing in medicine, including the potential for bioprinting complex human organs.
Bio Printing Presentation
Kidneys, hearts, livers, and lungs are the most coveted organs for transplant, but 117,521 people in the US still need organs due to shortages. 3D bioprinting uses cells as "ink" to build tissues and organs layer-by-layer using bio-printers like the NovoGen MMX. This mimics the natural biological process of embryonic development. Current progress includes bioprinting human ears and building kidney and skin grafts. In the future, bioprinting may help double the number of organs available by reducing transplant wait times. However, challenges remain in vascularizing large organs and achieving full integration and function.
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3D bio-printing is a process that uses 3D printing technologies to create cell patterns in a confined space while preserving cell function and viability. It works by layering liquid mixtures of cells and nutrients to structure tissue-like constructs for medical and tissue engineering uses. Some key developments include the first artificial bladder and trachea built by bio-printing in 2006 and 2011. The process generally involves pre-bio-printing to create models, bio-printing to structure cells using patient scans, and post-bio-printing to create stable structures. Applications include using bio-printed tissues for transplants, drug research, and eventually fully functional human organs.
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This document summarizes tissue engineering approaches for engineering cardiovascular tissues. It discusses how cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and current treatment limitations. The main targets for tissue engineering are blood vessels, heart muscle, and heart valves. Commonly used biomaterials include polymeric scaffolds, hydrogels, and decellularized tissues. Appropriate cell types and biomolecules are also discussed. The challenges of engineering different cardiovascular tissues like blood vessels, heart valves, and heart muscle are briefly outlined.
3D Bioprinting
its about 3D printing and scanning of internal organ , biomolecules and tissues
It is an emerging field in tissue engineering, surgery and transplant of organs
Bioprinting
Bioprinting was defined as the use of material transfer processes for patterning and assembling biologically relevant materials- molecules, cells, tissues, and biodegradable biomaterials with a prescribed organization to accomplish one or more biological function. This is a developmental biology- inspired approach to tissue engineering and is based on the assumption that tissues and organs are self- organizing systems, and that cells and especially micro tissues can undergo biological self- assembly and self- organization without any external influence in the form of instructive, supporting and directing rigid templates or solid scaffolds.
Bioprinting or the biomedical application of rapid prototyping, also defined as layer- by- layer additive biomanufacturing, is an emerging transforming biomimetic technology that has potential for surpassing traditional solid scaffold- based tissue engineering. It is a rapid prototyping technology based on three dimensional, automated, computer-aided deposition of ââbioink particlesââ (multicellular spheroids) into a ââbiopaperââ (biocompatible gel; e.g. collagen) by a bioprinter
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This document provides an overview of the ImageJ image processing software. It describes ImageJ's key features such as being open source, written in Java so it runs on multiple platforms, having a large user community and over 500 plugins. The document then covers installing ImageJ and demonstrates some basic functions through a live demo. It concludes by listing references for further information.
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This document discusses 3D printing and its applications in medicine. It begins by explaining the need for alternative organ therapies due to shortages in donor organs. It then provides an overview of 3D printing, describing the various processes and materials used. Applications discussed include tissue and organ fabrication, customized implants and prosthetics, anatomical models for surgical preparation, and customized drug dosage forms. The document concludes by discussing the cost efficiency and future trends of 3D printing in medicine, including the potential for bioprinting complex human organs.
Bio Printing Presentation
Kidneys, hearts, livers, and lungs are the most coveted organs for transplant, but 117,521 people in the US still need organs due to shortages. 3D bioprinting uses cells as "ink" to build tissues and organs layer-by-layer using bio-printers like the NovoGen MMX. This mimics the natural biological process of embryonic development. Current progress includes bioprinting human ears and building kidney and skin grafts. In the future, bioprinting may help double the number of organs available by reducing transplant wait times. However, challenges remain in vascularizing large organs and achieving full integration and function.
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An overview of Tissue Engineering with some basics in Biomaterials and Synthetic Polymers. Further references should be considered as I presented this a specific target audience.
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3D bio-printing is a process that uses 3D printing technologies to create cell patterns in a confined space while preserving cell function and viability. It works by layering liquid mixtures of cells and nutrients to structure tissue-like constructs for medical and tissue engineering uses. Some key developments include the first artificial bladder and trachea built by bio-printing in 2006 and 2011. The process generally involves pre-bio-printing to create models, bio-printing to structure cells using patient scans, and post-bio-printing to create stable structures. Applications include using bio-printed tissues for transplants, drug research, and eventually fully functional human organs.
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This document summarizes tissue engineering approaches for engineering cardiovascular tissues. It discusses how cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and current treatment limitations. The main targets for tissue engineering are blood vessels, heart muscle, and heart valves. Commonly used biomaterials include polymeric scaffolds, hydrogels, and decellularized tissues. Appropriate cell types and biomolecules are also discussed. The challenges of engineering different cardiovascular tissues like blood vessels, heart valves, and heart muscle are briefly outlined.
3D Bioprinting
its about 3D printing and scanning of internal organ , biomolecules and tissues
It is an emerging field in tissue engineering, surgery and transplant of organs
Bioprinting
Bioprinting was defined as the use of material transfer processes for patterning and assembling biologically relevant materials- molecules, cells, tissues, and biodegradable biomaterials with a prescribed organization to accomplish one or more biological function. This is a developmental biology- inspired approach to tissue engineering and is based on the assumption that tissues and organs are self- organizing systems, and that cells and especially micro tissues can undergo biological self- assembly and self- organization without any external influence in the form of instructive, supporting and directing rigid templates or solid scaffolds.
Bioprinting or the biomedical application of rapid prototyping, also defined as layer- by- layer additive biomanufacturing, is an emerging transforming biomimetic technology that has potential for surpassing traditional solid scaffold- based tissue engineering. It is a rapid prototyping technology based on three dimensional, automated, computer-aided deposition of ââbioink particlesââ (multicellular spheroids) into a ââbiopaperââ (biocompatible gel; e.g. collagen) by a bioprinter
Introduction to 3D Bio-printing
3D Bio-Printing technique is one of the emerging technique.
Here is the Introduction about 3D Bio-Printing.
It is very basic and understandable level of information about 3D Bio-printing.
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Tissue engineering uses scaffolds, cells, and signaling molecules to regenerate tissues and organs. Scaffolds provide a structure for cell attachment, growth, and tissue formation. Natural polymers like collagen and hyaluronic acid, and synthetic polymers like poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid are commonly used as scaffold materials. Scaffolds can be fabricated using various methods including freeze drying, electrospinning, 3D printing, and textile technologies to produce scaffolds with desirable properties like porosity and pore size for tissue growth. Scaffolds seeded with stem cells or tissue-specific cells aim to repair and regenerate tissues for applications in skin, bone, cartilage, and other organs.
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3D_Bio_Printing seminar Slide
it is a seminar slide that i prepared on the topic 3d bioprinting. it may be a help to whom taking seminar on that topic. It is not covered its full area only the basics of bio printing ..
Tissue Engineering slides
Tissue engineering involves growing tissues or organs by seeding cells onto biodegradable scaffolds. There are several key steps in the tissue engineering process: (1) cells are isolated from a patient and cultured, (2) the cells are seeded onto a scaffold to allow adhesion and growth, (3) the seeded scaffolds may be placed in a bioreactor to mimic the body's conditions and stimulate growth, (4) the engineered tissues are implanted into the patient. Bioreactors help distribute cells throughout the scaffold and provide mechanical and chemical cues to influence cell behavior.
Polymeric and metallic scaffolds for tissue engineering
The document discusses scaffolds for tissue engineering. It defines scaffolds as temporary or permanent artificial extracellular matrices that accommodate cells and support 3D tissue regeneration. Scaffolds aim to mimic the natural extracellular matrix and promote cell response to engineer replacement tissues. The key requirements for scaffolds are that they be porous, biocompatible, and have properties matching the target tissue. Various fabrication techniques can be used to control the scaffold architecture, composition, and other properties. Common scaffold materials discussed include natural polymers like collagen and synthetic polymers.
3D BIOPRINTING
3D bioprinting is a process that uses 3D printing technologies to deposit bioinks containing living cells in layers to create tissue structures while maintaining cell viability. It has applications in printing tissues and organs, drug testing, and scaffolds. The process involves pre-bioprinting steps like obtaining medical scans and preparing cells and bioinks, bioprinting which deposits the materials layer by layer, and post-bioprinting incubation and stimulation to develop cell interactions and tissue growth. There are three main bioprinting approaches - biomimicry which duplicates natural structures, self-assembly using embryonic development models, and mini-tissue building blocks. Inkjet and robotic printers are commonly used to deposit materials. Ch
3D Bioprinting
3D bioprinting has potential to revolutionize medicine by enabling the creation of organs and tissues for transplantation. It allows for customized prosthetics and could decrease costs and wait times for organ transplants. Further development of the technology may one day enable the printing of more complex organs like kidneys and livers directly in patients. However, challenges remain such as ensuring quality control of bioprinted organs and regulating the industry.
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This document discusses using biomaterials as stem cell niches for cardiac cell therapy. It outlines different cell therapy approaches for treating heart disease, including various cell sources and delivery methods. The key limitations of cell therapy are low cell retention and survival after delivery. Biomaterial scaffolds aim to address this by providing a supportive niche for stem cells transplant. The scaffolds serve as a temporary environment to promote stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and improve outcomes for cardiac cell therapy.
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This document outlines three photo-thermal experiments conducted to measure thermal diffusivity of various materials. It describes the principles of photo-thermal techniques, experimental setups using thermal lens, photoflash and photoacoustic methods, and presents results and discussions. The techniques were used to successfully measure the thermal diffusivity of gold nanofluids, polyaniline, and polypyrrole composite films.
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A Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is a sophisticated computer network that allows radiological images and reports to be digitally stored, securely transmitted, and retrieved across clinical locations. It replaces the traditional system of storing film-based medical images. PACS provides simultaneous access to current and prior images for multiple physicians and radiologists, enables rapid transmission of patient information, and overcomes the limitations of film-based storage like loss of images and slow retrieval times. It integrates all radiology equipment, workstations, the digital image archive and the hospital information system.
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The document discusses bioreactors used in tissue engineering. It defines bioreactors as devices that closely control conditions for cells and tissues. There are two main types of bioreactor culture systems - static and dynamic. Static systems simply culture cells in dishes while dynamic systems like rotating wall vessel bioreactors, spinner flask bioreactors, and perfusion bioreactors enhance mass transfer and mimic physiological fluid flow using stirred media. The document concludes that bioreactor design must consider the specific tissue needs and that applying mechanical forces in novel bioreactor systems can better develop functional engineered tissues.
bone tissue engineering
Bones have important mechanical, synthetic, and metabolic functions in the body. Tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone tissue through the use of scaffolds, growth factors, and cells. Strategies for bone tissue engineering generally involve a carrier scaffold and biologically active factors like cells and proteins. Materials used can include metals, ceramics, and natural or synthetic polymers. The goal is for the scaffold to deliver osteoinductive molecules and cells to fill bone defects and facilitate healing through new bone formation.
Tissue engg.
1. Tissue engineering involves growing tissues or organs in vitro to replace damaged body parts. Cells are seeded onto a scaffold and bathed in growth factors to grow new tissue.
2. Common scaffolds include collagen, polymers like PLLA, and ceramics. Cells used include stem cells, keratinocytes for skin, and bladder cells.
3. The process involves obtaining cells, seeding them onto a scaffold, and incubating the construct to grow new tissue which can then be implanted.
Tissue engineering: AN INTRODUCTION
Tissue engineering involves combining living cells with biomaterials to generate new living tissue. It aims to regenerate damaged or diseased tissues and organs. The process involves taking cells from a patient and growing them on a biodegradable scaffold. Once the new tissue forms, it is implanted to replace the damaged tissue. This allows tissue to be grown with the patient's own cells, avoiding rejection. Successful applications include growing skin to treat burns and cartilage to repair joints. Tissue engineering could solve the shortage of donor organs and offer permanent solutions for many medical conditions.
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This document summarizes a 7th semester student project on face detection. It was presented by Nitesh Kumar and Manish Kumar Gupta, under the supervision of Prof. Md. Ehtashamoul Haque. The objectives were to design software to detect human faces in images. It describes what face detection is, the reasons they chose this project, and the basic procedure which involves reading an image, converting it to grayscale, loading facial properties, and applying a detection algorithm to find faces. It provides step-by-step analysis and describes the limitations and future plans to develop an intelligent system that can analyze objects.
Project Face Detection
This document summarizes a student project to design software that can detect human faces in images. The project's objectives are outlined, including converting images to grayscale and using a Haar cascade classifier to detect faces. Implementation examples like Picasa and Facebook are provided. The procedure involves preprocessing the image, converting it to grayscale, loading face properties, and applying a detection algorithm to find faces. Limitations around orientation are noted, with plans to expand capabilities.
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Tissue engineering uses scaffolds, cells, and signaling molecules to regenerate tissues and organs. Scaffolds provide a structure for cell attachment, growth, and tissue formation. Natural polymers like collagen and hyaluronic acid, and synthetic polymers like poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid are commonly used as scaffold materials. Scaffolds can be fabricated using various methods including freeze drying, electrospinning, 3D printing, and textile technologies to produce scaffolds with desirable properties like porosity and pore size for tissue growth. Scaffolds seeded with stem cells or tissue-specific cells aim to repair and regenerate tissues for applications in skin, bone, cartilage, and other organs.
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Bio printing is an automated, computer-aided process of layer-by-layer deposition of biological materials to manufacture functional human organs. It was developed by Gabor Forgacs to address the shortage of donor organs, as each day 79 people receive organs but 18 will die waiting. The main methods are laser-based, extrusion-based, and inkjet-based. Applications include printing parts of hearts and faces, as well as liver tissue. Advantages are eliminating organ transplant waitlists and producing higher survival rates. However, challenges remain in ensuring organs can functionally integrate into the human body and reducing the high costs.
3D_Bio_Printing seminar Slide
it is a seminar slide that i prepared on the topic 3d bioprinting. it may be a help to whom taking seminar on that topic. It is not covered its full area only the basics of bio printing ..
Tissue Engineering slides
Tissue engineering involves growing tissues or organs by seeding cells onto biodegradable scaffolds. There are several key steps in the tissue engineering process: (1) cells are isolated from a patient and cultured, (2) the cells are seeded onto a scaffold to allow adhesion and growth, (3) the seeded scaffolds may be placed in a bioreactor to mimic the body's conditions and stimulate growth, (4) the engineered tissues are implanted into the patient. Bioreactors help distribute cells throughout the scaffold and provide mechanical and chemical cues to influence cell behavior.
Polymeric and metallic scaffolds for tissue engineering
The document discusses scaffolds for tissue engineering. It defines scaffolds as temporary or permanent artificial extracellular matrices that accommodate cells and support 3D tissue regeneration. Scaffolds aim to mimic the natural extracellular matrix and promote cell response to engineer replacement tissues. The key requirements for scaffolds are that they be porous, biocompatible, and have properties matching the target tissue. Various fabrication techniques can be used to control the scaffold architecture, composition, and other properties. Common scaffold materials discussed include natural polymers like collagen and synthetic polymers.
3D BIOPRINTING
3D bioprinting is a process that uses 3D printing technologies to deposit bioinks containing living cells in layers to create tissue structures while maintaining cell viability. It has applications in printing tissues and organs, drug testing, and scaffolds. The process involves pre-bioprinting steps like obtaining medical scans and preparing cells and bioinks, bioprinting which deposits the materials layer by layer, and post-bioprinting incubation and stimulation to develop cell interactions and tissue growth. There are three main bioprinting approaches - biomimicry which duplicates natural structures, self-assembly using embryonic development models, and mini-tissue building blocks. Inkjet and robotic printers are commonly used to deposit materials. Ch
3D Bioprinting
3D bioprinting has potential to revolutionize medicine by enabling the creation of organs and tissues for transplantation. It allows for customized prosthetics and could decrease costs and wait times for organ transplants. Further development of the technology may one day enable the printing of more complex organs like kidneys and livers directly in patients. However, challenges remain such as ensuring quality control of bioprinted organs and regulating the industry.
Cardiovascular stem cell therapy
This document discusses using biomaterials as stem cell niches for cardiac cell therapy. It outlines different cell therapy approaches for treating heart disease, including various cell sources and delivery methods. The key limitations of cell therapy are low cell retention and survival after delivery. Biomaterial scaffolds aim to address this by providing a supportive niche for stem cells transplant. The scaffolds serve as a temporary environment to promote stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and improve outcomes for cardiac cell therapy.
3D Bioprinting
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This document outlines three photo-thermal experiments conducted to measure thermal diffusivity of various materials. It describes the principles of photo-thermal techniques, experimental setups using thermal lens, photoflash and photoacoustic methods, and presents results and discussions. The techniques were used to successfully measure the thermal diffusivity of gold nanofluids, polyaniline, and polypyrrole composite films.
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stem cells and cancer stem cells
(1) Stem cells can be embryonic, adult, or induced pluripotent. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent while adult stem cells are multipotent.
(2) Cancer stem cells are a small fraction of tumor cells that can self-renew and differentiate to form the heterogeneous tumor mass. They rely on signaling pathways like JAK/STAT, Hedgehog, Wnt, and Notch to maintain their stem-like properties.
(3) Targeting these pathways and surface markers on cancer stem cells is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, though more research is still needed to develop effective therapies.
Pacs
A Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is a sophisticated computer network that allows radiological images and reports to be digitally stored, securely transmitted, and retrieved across clinical locations. It replaces the traditional system of storing film-based medical images. PACS provides simultaneous access to current and prior images for multiple physicians and radiologists, enables rapid transmission of patient information, and overcomes the limitations of film-based storage like loss of images and slow retrieval times. It integrates all radiology equipment, workstations, the digital image archive and the hospital information system.
Cardiac tissue engineering
This document provides an overview of cardiac tissue engineering. It discusses the use of biomaterials like scaffolds and hydrogels to support cells for growing new cardiac tissue. Common cell types used include stem cells and differentiated cardiac cells. Tissue engineered constructs aim to be biocompatible, functional and living to replace damaged heart tissue like blood vessels, heart valves, and myocardial patches. Recent developments include engineered tissues that closely mimic heart muscle mechanics and biology.
Bioreactors in tissue engineering
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bone tissue engineering
Bones have important mechanical, synthetic, and metabolic functions in the body. Tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone tissue through the use of scaffolds, growth factors, and cells. Strategies for bone tissue engineering generally involve a carrier scaffold and biologically active factors like cells and proteins. Materials used can include metals, ceramics, and natural or synthetic polymers. The goal is for the scaffold to deliver osteoinductive molecules and cells to fill bone defects and facilitate healing through new bone formation.
Tissue engg.
1. Tissue engineering involves growing tissues or organs in vitro to replace damaged body parts. Cells are seeded onto a scaffold and bathed in growth factors to grow new tissue.
2. Common scaffolds include collagen, polymers like PLLA, and ceramics. Cells used include stem cells, keratinocytes for skin, and bladder cells.
3. The process involves obtaining cells, seeding them onto a scaffold, and incubating the construct to grow new tissue which can then be implanted.
Tissue engineering: AN INTRODUCTION
Tissue engineering involves combining living cells with biomaterials to generate new living tissue. It aims to regenerate damaged or diseased tissues and organs. The process involves taking cells from a patient and growing them on a biodegradable scaffold. Once the new tissue forms, it is implanted to replace the damaged tissue. This allows tissue to be grown with the patient's own cells, avoiding rejection. Successful applications include growing skin to treat burns and cartilage to repair joints. Tissue engineering could solve the shortage of donor organs and offer permanent solutions for many medical conditions.
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This document discusses various digital image file formats and recommendations for their usage. It provides information on JPEG, GIF, PNG, TIFF, RAW and other formats. Key recommendations include using JPEG for photos on the web due to its smaller file size, PNG for images requiring transparency, TIFF for high-quality printing, and RAW for professional photography to retain maximum image quality. The document also discusses raster vs vector images, factors to consider when choosing PNG vs JPEG for printing, and that TIFF is preferable to JPEG for scanning photos to preserve quality.
Siva Priya.pptx
Digital image processing involves working with 2D and 3D images in both monochrome and color formats. Common image file formats include JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, RAW, EPS, and others. The optimal file format depends on the image type and intended use, with JPEG preferred for web/email due to size and TIFF for printing due to quality. RAW captures the most image data for professional photography.
Technical glossary
The document defines several key terms related to digital images and file formats:
1. Pixel resolution refers to the number of pixels that can be displayed horizontally and vertically on a screen or image, with higher resolutions showing more detail but requiring larger file sizes.
2. There are two main types of computer graphics - raster (bitmap) images composed of pixels, and vector images composed of geometric paths.
3. Common file formats for digital images include BMP, PNG, GIF, TIFF, JPG, PSD, PDF, EPS and AI. Each has advantages for different types of images and uses.
4. Data compression reduces file sizes by removing unnecessary information, and can be lossless or lossy
A (very brief) Introduction to Image Processing and 3D Printing with ImageJ
Using ImageJ to extract 3D models from material image data-sets for 3D printing purposes. Participants will have an opportunity to 3D print a small model using the Objet Connex500 3D printer.
Current scientific imaging (and image processing) technologies allow researchers and professionals to visualize the morphology of complex composite materials at very fine length scales. Combined with the advances and accessibility of additive manufacturing technologies, researches are able to produce tangible assets of these composite morphologies for further research and analysis. The following workshop will briefly introduce image processing theory, as well as an open source tool chain to produce 3D models of a material data-set for 3D printing purposes.
Image Processing.pdf
This document provides an introduction to image processing. It discusses that image processing involves applying mathematical operations to images using signal processing techniques. The input is an image or video and the output is either an improved image or extracted image features. Image processing is used to enhance images for human viewing and to analyze image structures and features. It allows analyzing medical images to help detect abnormalities. Key hardware requirements for image processing include high resolution, display, memory, storage, and computing power. Common software used includes Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, and Serif PhotoPlus.
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YCIS_Forensic PArt 1 Digital Image Processing.pptx
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Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at đł = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SNâ2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
â
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
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0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SNâIa, SNâ2023adsy is both fairly red (
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) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high CaâII velocity (
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km/s) compared to the general population of SNeâIa. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNeâIa, particularly SNâ2016hnk, SNâ2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
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Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
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CDM. Therefore unlike low-
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truly diverge from their low-
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counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
â˘theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
â˘theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
The debris of the âlast major mergerâ is dynamically young
The Milky Wayâs (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
âlast major merger.â Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8â11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1â2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1â2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the âlast major mergerâ
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
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PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
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Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
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â˘Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
â˘InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
â˘Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
â˘TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
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Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
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Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional âdarkâ gravitational force describing the âelasticâ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newtonâs constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional âdark gravity forceâ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
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In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Â
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
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Summary Of transcription and Translation.pdf
Hello Everyone Here We are Sharing You with The process of protien Synthesis in very short points you will be Able to understand It Very well
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Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
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Â
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Image j
- 1. Image J Dr Hussein Bashar Mahmoo Dr Fateh Oudah Alshammary Dr Raeed Altaee University of Kerbala
- 2. Program ⢠Imagej Features ⢠Installing Image J ⢠Basic Functions ⢠References
- 3. Image J Features ⢠Image J can display, edit, analyze, process, save, and print 8-bit color and grayscale, 16-bit integer, and 32- bit floating point images. ⢠It can read many image file formats, including TIFF, PNG, GIF, JPEG, BMP, DICOM, and FITS, as well as raw formats. ⢠ImageJ can calculate area and pixel value statistics of user-defined selections and intensity-thresholded objects. ⢠It can measure distances and angles. ⢠It can create density histograms and line profile plots.
- 4. INSTALLING IMAGE J ď From the Image J website (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/downl oad.html) ďSelect the version delivered with the most recent virtual Java engine (JRE), preferably version 1.7.
- 5. BASIC FUNCTIONS ďMain Bar ďTool Bar ďStatus Bar
- 12. References ⢠http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/index.html ⢠http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/docs/index.html (Image J website) http://bigwww.epfl.ch/teaching/iplabsite/ind ex.php (EPFL) ⢠http://www.uhnresearch.ca/facilities/wcif/im agej/(WCIF, documents + software including a large number of plugins dedicated to microscopy)