The document discusses the animation development process including hardware and software requirements as well as production phases. It outlines the necessary hardware of PCs, Macs, and graphic workstations. It also describes 2D and 3D animation software levels from elementary to master. The production phases include pre-production (idea, storyline, design), production (character sheets, props, compositing), and post-production (editing, distribution).

1. Animation
Development
Process
Chapter 3

2. Hardware Requirement
and Specifications
3.1

3. Hardware Requirement and
Specifications
• IBM compatible personal computer (PC)
• The most widely used system today.
• Manufactured under license by IBM and usually comes with
microprocessor manufactured by Intel Corp.
• Generally accepted as a computing standard.

4. Hardware Requirement and
Specifications
• Apple Macintosh computer
• The Macintosh computer and compatibles follow similar
requirements, but use MacOS operating system.
• Uses a processor made by Motorola or IBM.
(Motorola, PowerPC, Intel)
• Widely used in publication, printing, graphic and
multimedia.
• In the design and development world,
the Macintosh type computer is
considered as standard.

5. Hardware Requirement and
Specifications
• Graphic Workstation
• Workstation is a high-end technical computing desktop microcomputer
designed primarily to be used for multimedia development.
• Workstations usually offer higher performance than normally found in
a personal computer, especially with respect to graphics, processing
power and multitasking ability.

6. Hardware Requirement and
Specifications
• Graphic Workstation
• Silicon Graphics (SGI) is the most widely used graphical
computing workstation.
(HP, nVIDIA, AMD)
• It is a high technology computer system used in engineering,
architecture, graphic design and digital animation.
• Workstations tend to be very expensive, typically several times
the cost of a standard PC.

7. Software Requirement
and Specification
3.2

8. Software Requirement and
Specification
• 2D Animation Software
• Mostly used 2D software are Macromedia Flash, SwishMax,
Flax, Animo, Toonz and Toon Boom Studio.
(ToonBoom, Claymotion Studio, Animation Workshop, Anime
Studio Debut, Adobe Flash)
• These software are used for multimedia application, web
development, animation for advertisement and cartoon.
• Flash plays important role in evolving the use of 2D animation
software. The ability to integrate multimedia elements into
standalone application makes it most widely used for web and
animation.

9. Software Requirement and
Specification
• 3D Animation Software
• The 3D animation software enables animator to create 3D
object with special effects.
• 3D animation software
exists in different level,
based on the complexity of
the animation that can be
created by the software.

10. 3D Animation Softwares’ Levels
• Elementary level
• Simple, cheap and easy to control software can be used
• Asymmetrix 3DFX, Ulead Cool 3D Studio, Xara 3D and Ray Dream 3D.
(Daz Studio, Blender 3D, povRAY)
• Intermediate level
• gives the ability to create more complex animation but still easy to
operate.
• InfiniD, Hash Animation Master and Ray Dream Studio.
(Blender 3D, 3Ds Max)

11. 3D Animation Softwares’ Levels
• Master level
• Gives the ability to create most complex and realistic animation for
multimedia application and animated movie
• 3D Studio Max, Lightwave 3D, Maya and Avid Softimage.
(Maya, 3Ds Max, Solidworks, Blender 3D)

12. Production Phases
3.3

13. Production Phases
1. Pre-production Process
2. Production Process
3. Post-production Process

14. Pre-Production Process
1. Idea
• Involving discussion, reading and observation to gather the
idea.
• Creativity and imagination plays important role to gather an
interesting idea.
2. Storyline
• Creates the narrative based on the idea gathered before.
• The narrative must have the elements that can attract audience
to watch the animation, and also can make it remain in the
audience memory.

15. Pre-Production Process
3. Conceptual Design
• The way to visualize the idea and storyline.
• One technique is to sketch any images that related to the story.
• The images consist of main character and background image.
• The conceptual design must be made in several different
versions, to enhance the idea of the story. In the end, the best
idea can be selected.

17. Pre-Production Process
4. Character Development
• Process of planning and developing characters in the
story.
• Character must be unique in order to attract audience.
• Characters created are not necessarily in
complete human form. Sometimes characters
can be created in animal form, object, shape,
plant and so on.
• Creativity and imagination plays important
role to develop an interesting character.
• All the characteristics of characters should be
considered – face impression, body position,
structure, clothing, color, standing, sitting,
running and so on.

19. Pre-Production Process
5. Screenplay
• Screenplay or script is a blueprint for creating a motion images.
• The major components of a screenplay are action and dialogue.
6. Storyboard
• A series of illustrations displayed in sequence for the purpose of
pre-visualizing an animated or live-action film.
• The main function of storyboard is to visualize how the
animation will look.

20. Production Process
1. Character Sheet
• Process of drawing a more details character based on the
sketches done in pre-production phases.
• Each character will be re-drawn in different angles and position.
• The character sheet will be a reference for animator through
the whole process of production.

21. Character Sheet

22. Production Process
2. Prop
• Process of drawing background images.
• Graphic artist who designing prop must analyze the
screenplay/script in order to get the clearer view of the story.

23. Production Process
3. Visual Development
• Develop character and turnarounds of characters based on
screenplay and storyboard.
• Main scene will be drawn in a keyframe (act as a reference to
other drawing).
• In-betweening is performed to generate intermediate frames
between two keyframes. It is to give the appearance that the
first image evolves smoothly into the second image

25. Production Process
4. Scanning
• Converting drawn image into digital form.
• All drawings (props and characters) in the previous process are
converted into digital form by using scanner, digitizing pen or
camera.

26. Production Process
5. Trace and Clean Up
• Converted image is traced to produce more fine and details
drawing.
• This process is important to gain clearer and clean image. It also
creates fine lines of images.

27. Clean-up

28. Production Process
6. Coloring
• Painting and adding shade effect to object.
• Coloring is depends on the software requirements.

29. Coloring

30. Production Process
7. Audio
• Adding dialog and sound effect to animation.
• Analog sound and dialog is recorded and converted into digital
form to be combined with animation.

31. Production Process
8. Compositing
• Process of combining characters with props.
• Characters and background must be drawn separately in order
to manipulate characters.

32. Post-Production Process
1. Editing and Special Effect
• Process of cutting, reassembling and recording scenes in the
animation.
• Special effect and audio effects is added in this phase.
• If necessary, re-recording process (dubbing) will be
implemented to add background music.

33. Post-Production Process
2. Distribution
• Technique of delivering the animation to the audience.
• The animation will be stored in a media for distribution, such as
film, video cassette (VHS or SVHS), VCD, DVD, CD or web.
• Selection of media is based on how the animation will be
distributed.