Bones have important mechanical, synthetic, and metabolic functions in the body. Tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone tissue through the use of scaffolds, growth factors, and cells. Strategies for bone tissue engineering generally involve a carrier scaffold and biologically active factors like cells and proteins. Materials used can include metals, ceramics, and natural or synthetic polymers. The goal is for the scaffold to deliver osteoinductive molecules and cells to fill bone defects and facilitate healing through new bone formation.

1. TISSUE
ENGINEERING
FOR
BONES
REPLACMENT
SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
DR. GEETA SINGH SOMDUTT
ASST. PROF. 14001007912
BIOMEDICAL DEPARTMENT BIOMEDICAL
DEPARTMENT
DCRUST MURTHAL DCRUST MURTHAL

2. INTRODUCTION
 A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of
the vertebrate skeleton. Bones support and protect
the various organs of the body,
produce red and white blood cells, store minerals,
provide structure and support for the body, and
enable mobility.
 Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and
have a complex internal and external structure. They
are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve
multiple functions.

3. FUNCTIONS OF BONE
 MECHANICAL:- Bones serve a variety of mechanical
functions. They provide a frame to keep the body
supported, and an attachment point for skeletal
muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints.
 SYNTHETIC:- The cancellous part of bones contain bone
marrow. Bone marrow produces blood cells in a process
called hematopoiesis.

4.  METABOLIC:- -mineral storage
-Growth factor
-Fat storage
-Acid base balance
-Calcium balance
 Remodeling:- Bone is constantly being created and replaced
in a process known as remodeling. This ongoing turnover of
bone is a process of resumption followed by replacement of
bone with little change in shape.

5. PARTS OF BONE
 EPIPHYSIS:- It is a part of bone where the
new bone growth takes place
 DIAPHYSIS:- It is a primary center of
bone.
-Strongest part of bone.
METAPHYSIS:- It is the wide portion of a
long bone between the epiphysis and the
diaphysis

6. BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING
 Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is based on the
understanding of bone structure, bone
mechanics, and tissue formation as it aims to
induce new functional bone tissues. In other
words, to successfully regenerate or repair
bone, knowledge of the bone biology and its
development is quite essential.

7. MATERIALS USED FOR BONE TISSUE
ENGINEERING
 METALS- Example: stainless steel.
 Uses-total joint replacement, plates.
 CERAMICS-Example: synthetic( polylactide-co-galactide )
 Natural(chitosan, gelatin)
 Uses-bone extender, scaffold, drug delivery.

8. STRATEGIES FOR BONE TISSUE
ENGINEERING
 In general tissue engineering implants are constructed of a
carrier(scaffold) and biologically active factors. These
biological factors can be (a combination of ) cell and proteins
that stimulates host cell.
 Therefore, the ingredient for bone tissue engineering can basically be
divided into scaffold, growth factor and cells.
 SCAFFOLD-Delivery vehicle for osteoinductive molecules and
osteogenic cells.
 Fill the gap in bone defects and facilitate healing.
 GROWTH FACTOR-Signaling molecules that can influences
certain cellular function through their binding to specific cell
membrane receptors.
 Stimulation of bone formation and fracture healing.

9. BONE GRAFT
 GRAFTING-Grafting is a procedure used to replace/restore
missing or gum tissue.
 BONE GRAFT-Bone grafts are the material used for
replacement or augmentation of the bone.
 BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF USING BONE GRAFT-
 Contain bone forming cell.
 Serve as scaffold for bone formation.
 Matrix of bone grafting material contain bone inductive
substance (osteoinduction).

10. OSTIOINDUCTION
 Formation of bone by osteoblasts from the margins of
defects at the bone graft material.
Cell mediators
at the defect
Stimulation of
osteoprogenit
or cells
Osteoblast
New Bone
formation

11. PROPERTIES

12. BONE REGENRATION
 Two types of cells are active in the work of bone generation:
-Osteoblasts
-Osteoclasts
These cells keep busy by creating new bone material little
by little, day after day.
 WHY DO BONE REGENRATE ?
-Bones continue to regenerate long after we reach our full
height. Even when we become adults, bones continue to
regenerate every three years. There are two reasons for this
phenomenon.
--First, bones supply tissues throughout our bodies with
calcium, serving a vital role in keeping us alive and healthy.

13. -Bones function as storehouse for calcium, providing our bodies with
calcium whenever there is a shortage and storing calcium when there is
a surplus.
In short, bones are constantly regenerated through the constant
release and storage of calcium.
--Second, bones regenerate to replace old bones. Even strong
bones lose their resilience and become fragile as they grow
old. Regeneration ensures that bones remain strong and
flexible.
 OSTEOBLAST-osteoblast are the cell that build bones.
 OSTEOCLAST-osteoclast are cell that dissolve bone.

14. FORMING NEW BONE

15. THANK
YOU