The document discusses digital image processing, including its definition, significance, and various techniques used for image enhancement and manipulation using Python. It outlines the fundamental steps in the digital image processing workflow, such as image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, and segmentation. Additionally, it touches upon the role of programming languages in image processing and lists popular programming tools utilized in the field.

1. “Digital Image Processing using Python”
Dr. Sharmila S. More
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
MIT Art's Commerce and Science College Alandi (D),Pune-15

2. Topics to be Covered…
Basics of Digital Image Processing
Use of DIP in Society
Digital Image Processing Process
Why do we process images?
Image Enhancement and Edge detection
Python
How are we using Python in DIP

3. What is Digital Image Processing
Digital Image Processing means processing digital image by means of a digital
computer
Image processing mainly include the following steps:
1.Importing the image via image acquisition tools;
2.Analysing and manipulating the image;
3.Output in which result can be altered image or a report which is based on analysing
that image.
 Image Processing System is the combination of the
different elements involved in the digital image
processing.
 Digital image processing is the processing of an image
by means of a digital computer.
 Digital image processing uses different computer
algorithms to perform image processing on the digital
images.

4. What is an image?
 In other words, an image can be defined by a two-dimensional array specifically arranged in rows and columns.
 Image is
 Digital Image is composed of a finite number of elements, each of which elements have a particular value at a particular
location. These elements are referred to as picture elements,image elements,and pixels.A Pixel is most widely used to denote
the elements of a Digital Image.
There are two types of methods used for image processing namely, analog and digital image
processing.
•Analog image processing can be used for hard copies like printouts and photographs.
•Digital image processing techniques help in the manipulation of digital images by using
computers.
•A two-dimensional array of numbers(or pixels) ranging between 0 and 255.
•It is defined by the mathematical function f(x,y) where x and y are the two co-ordinates horizontally and vertically.
The range of the colors in 8 bit vary from 0–255 where:
•0 — black
•255 — white
•127 — gray color.

5. Types of an image
1. BINARY IMAGE– The binary image as its name suggests, contain only two pixel elements i.e 0 & 1,where
0 refers to black and 1 refers to white. This image is also known as Monochrome.
2. BLACK AND WHITE IMAGE– The image which consist of only black and white color is called BLACK
AND WHITE IMAGE.
3. 8 bit COLOR FORMAT– It is the most famous image format.It has 256 different shades of colors in it and
commonly known as Grayscale Image. In this format, 0 stands for Black, and 255 stands for white, and 127
stands for gray.
4. 16 bit COLOR FORMAT– It is a color image format. It has 65,536 different colors in it.It is also known as
High Color Format. In this format the distribution of color is not as same as Grayscale image.
A 16 bit format is actually divided into three further formats which are Red, Green and Blue i.e. RGB.

6. Image as a Matrix
As we know, images are represented in rows and columns we have the following syntax in which images are
represented:
The right side of this equation is digital image by definition. Every element of this matrix is called image element
, picture element , or pixel.

7. Why do we process images?
It has been developed to deal with 3 major problems —
•To improve the image data to suppress the unwanted distortions.
•To enhance some features of the input image.
•As a means of translation between the human visual system and digital imaging devices.

8. Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

9. 1) Image Acquisition: capturing an image 2) Image Enhancement: filtering image, to improve the quality.
3)Image Restoration: improving
appearance (reducing blurring etc) of an image
by mathematical or probabilistic models.
4)Colour Image
Processing: use of the digital
image has increased.

10. 5) Multi-Resolution Processing: It is the process of representing images in various degrees of resolution.
6) Compression: It involves the techniques for reducing the size of the image with minimum deterioration in its quality.
7) Morphological Processing: It is the
process for extracting image
components that are useful in
the representation and description
of shape.

11. 8) Segmentation: It is the
process of partitioning the
image into multiple
segments.
9) Representation and Description:
It involves representing an image in various forms:
Boundary Representation — It focuses on the external shape characteristics such as corners and inflections.
Regional Representation — It focuses on internal properties such as texture and skeletal shape.

12. 10) Feature Matching: We can extract the same features from a different image of the same cathedral taken from a different
angle.
11) Recognition: It is the process
of assigning labels to an object based
on its description.

13. How are we using Programming Languages
Computer programming is the process of writing code to
facilitate specific actions in a computer, application or
software program, and instructs them on how to perform.
Computer programmers are professionals that create
instructions for a computer to execute by writing and
testing code that enables applications and software
programs to operate successfully.

15. There are thousands of programming languages in the world now due to technology evolution and innovation.
Programmers can choose which one they want according to the kind of job they need to complete.
•For Application and Program Development – C, C#, C++, D, Java, Swift, and Tcl.
•For Artificial intelligence development – AIML, C, C#, C++, Prolog, and Python.
•For Database development – DBASE, FoxPro, MySQL, SQL, and Visual FoxPro.
•For Game development – C, C#, C++, DarkBASIC, and Java.
•For Computer drivers – Assembly and C.
•For Internet and web – HDML, HTML, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, and XML.
•For Script development – AutoHotkey, awk, bash, Batch file, Perl, Python, and Tcl.
Programming language is the way by which programmers communicate with computers.
They are mostly a set of instructions that they give to the computer for completing a certain task.
For example –
They are essential for developing applications and websites

16. Who uses programming languages?
Computer programmers use programming languages to code website functions, edit the appearance of web pages
and organize data. Some jobs that use programming languages include the following professionals:
 Web developer: This role is responsible for designing the structure and database of a website.
 Web designer: The visual and interactive features of websites are programmed by this professional.
 Video game developer: This type of software developer specializes in the design and creation of video games
using coding for graphics and interactivity.
 Computer systems engineer: An individual in this occupation develops and tests software for personal
computers.
 Software quality assurance engineer: This quality assurance professional oversee the development process
for software function and design.
 App developer: This type of programmer designs and creates applications for computers or mobile devices.
Popular Programming Languages

17. Why We Need Programming
Programming helps automating lot
of time consuming activities and
reduces the human errors.

18. Image Processing Tools
1. OpenCV
2. Scikit- learn image
3. PIL/pillow
4. NumPy
5. Mahotas

19. THANK YOU