The scope of nursing practice involves 3 areas: health promotion, disease prevention, and restoring health. For health promotion, nurses model healthy behaviors, educate clients on self-care, and advocate in the community. Disease prevention includes immunizations, screenings, and treating early-stage illness. Restoring health focuses on caring for ill clients through recovery with treatments, rehabilitation, and managing long-term conditions.
Florence nightingale’s environment theoryShrooti Shah
The foundation of Nightingale’s theory is the environment- all the external conditions and forces that influence the life and development of an organism.
According to her, external influences and conditions can prevent, suppress, or contribute to disease or death.
Her goal was to help the patient retain his own vitality by meeting his basic needs through control of the environment.
Florence nightingale’s environment theoryShrooti Shah
The foundation of Nightingale’s theory is the environment- all the external conditions and forces that influence the life and development of an organism.
According to her, external influences and conditions can prevent, suppress, or contribute to disease or death.
Her goal was to help the patient retain his own vitality by meeting his basic needs through control of the environment.
CODE OF ETHICS: The guiding principle in nursing
code are the direction of conduct , understanding of what is right and wrong while providing care in the hospital and community settings.The ICN code of ethics are the milestone to establish nursing as a profession.
CODE OF ETHICS: The guiding principle in nursing
code are the direction of conduct , understanding of what is right and wrong while providing care in the hospital and community settings.The ICN code of ethics are the milestone to establish nursing as a profession.
Wellness, in today’s context, is much more than diagnosing and curing poor health or diseases. It is a multidimensional and holistic state of being that is conscious, self-directed, and constantly evolving. Trying to make sense of wellness in a world of rising healthcare costs, shortage of wellness professionals, and technological advances in everything from computing to genetics, gives rise to several pertinent questions.
-- Will there still be any universally recognized concept of wellness? Or will it be hyper personalized to each individual's environments, genetics, and experiences?
-- What will wellness look and feel like in the future? What will be the new indicators of wellness?
-- As people experience enhanced wellness, will they become more self-aware and adopt additional experiences that will promote wellness?
-- Will we be more in control of our well-being? Or will we stop caring in a world where every aspect of our person is closely and constantly monitored and serviced?
-- As roles in the wellness ecosystem shift, what are the new well-being authorities and environments that will emerge?
-- Will big data around wellness help create better early warning systems about potential pandemics? Or will there be a drive to protect and hide our personal wellness and risk profiles online?
-- Will we ever be 'unwell', given all the new technologies to enhance (as well as prevent) wellness that will be in place?
-- Will we prefer being looked after and treated by robotic care givers/surgeons?
We attempt to answer these questions through 10 current trends we have identified, which will impact the course of wellness in the future.
Download the Wellness in 2050 Infographic - http://www.slideshare.net/UXTrendspotting/wellness-in-2050
Introduction to health & illness book of FON bsc nursing NS crown
This is PDF of 1st unit (intro to health & illness) of Fundamental Of Nursing book of 1st year of Bsc nursing/GNM/ANM .
It's very easy to read and understand the fundamentals of nursing .
Good Health & It’s balance for positive mindset.pptxtaruian
Health -Importance of Health, Influencing factors of Health,
Health beliefs, Advantages of good health, Health & Behavior, Health & Society, Health & family, Health & Personality,
Psychological disorders-Methods to improve good psychological health, Changing health habits for good health
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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Hot Selling Organic intermediates
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
2. DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH
• World Health
Object 5
Organization
– Health is the state of
complete physical,
mental, social (totality)
well-being and not
merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
3. DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH
• Health is individually defined by each person
• On a personal level, individuals define health
according to
– how they feel
– absence or presence of symptoms of illness
– and ability to carry out activities
4. Wellness
• An integrated method of functioning which
is oriented toward maximizing the potential
of which the individual is capable.
• It requires that the individual maintain a
continuum of balance and purposeful
direction within the environment where he
is functioning. (Halbert Dunn)
6. DISEASE
• Acute
– Rapid onset of symptoms
– Some are life threatening
– Many do not require medical treatment
7. DISEASE
• Chronic
– Broad term that encompasses many different
physical and mental alterations in health
• It is a permanent change
• Requires special patient education for
rehabilitation
• Requires long term of care and support
8. Illness
• A highly personal state in which the
person feels unhealthy, may or may not
related to disease.
9. ILLNESS
• Highly subjective
feeling of being sick
or ill
• How the person
feels towards
sickness
• Concerns the Nurse
10. ELEVEN STAGES OF ILLNESS
AND HEALTH-SEEKING
BEHAVIOR BY SUCHMAN
• 1. Symptom Experience
– Client realizes there is a problem
– Client responds emotionally
• 2. Sick Role Assumption
– Self-medication / Self-treatment
– Communication to others
11. ELEVEN STAGES OF ILLNESS AND
HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOR BY
SUCHMAN
• 3. Assuming a Dependent Role
– Accepts the diagnosis
– Follows prescribed treatment
• 4. Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
– Gives up the dependent role and assumes
normal activities and responsibilities
14. Physical Dimension
• Genetic make up, age, developmental level,
race and sex are all part of an individual’s
physical dimension and strongly influence health
status and health practice.
– Examples
• The toddler just learning to walk is prone to tall and injure
himself.
• The young woman who has a family history of breast cancer
and diabetes is at a higher risk to develop these conditions.
15. Emotional Dimensions
• Refers to feelings, affect and person’s ability to
express these;
• includes belief in one’s worth.
• long-term stress affects the body systems and
anxiety affects health habits; conversely, calm
acceptance and relaxation can actually change
body responses to illness.
16. Intellectual Dimension
• encompasses cognitive abilities,
educational background and past
experiences; positive sense of purpose.
• These influence a client’s response to
teaching about health and reactions to
health care during illness.
17. Environmental Dimension
• The ability to promote health measures
that improve the standard of living and
quality of life in the community.
• includes influences such as food, water,
and air.
18. Socio-cultural Dimensions
• Concerns the sense of having support
available from family and friends;
practices, values and beliefs that
determine health.
19. Spiritual Dimensions
• Refers to the recognition and ability to
practice moral or religious principles or
beliefs; recognition and maintenance of
a harmonious relationship with a Supreme
Being.
21. Health-Illness Continuum
• Health and illness can be viewed as the opposite ends of
a health continuum
• From high level of health a person’s condition can move
through good health -- normal health -- poor health --
extremely poor health -- to death.
• People move back and forth within this continuum day by
day.
• How people perceive themselves and how others see
them in terms of health and illness will also affect their
placement on the continuum.
22. Characteristics of Health-Illness
Continuum Model
• At any time any person’s health status
holds a place on certain point between
two ends of health-illness continuum.
• Any point on the health-illness continuum
is a synthetically representation of various
aspects of individual in physiology,
psychology and society.
23. • Nurses Responsibilities
– To help the client to identify their place
on the health-continuum.
– To assist the clients to adopt some measures
in order to reach a well state of health.
25. DUNN’S HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS
AND GRID MODEL
• X-axis is HEALTH
– ranges from peak wellness to death
• Y-axis is ENVIRONMENT
– ranges from very favorable to very
unfavorable
26. DUNN’S HIGH-LEVEL WELLNESS
AND GRID MODEL
Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2
- High Level Wellness - Protected Poor Health
in a favorable in a favorable
environment environment
Quadrant 3 Quadrant 4
- Poor health in an - Emergent High Level
unfavorable Wellness in an
environment unfavorable environment
27. Travis’ Illness-Wellness
Continuum
• Composed of two arrows pointing in
opposite directions and joined at a neutral
point
28. 1.Movement to the right on the arrows
(towards high-level wellness) equals an
increasing level of health and well-being
– Achieved in Three Steps:
a. Awareness
b. Education
c. Growth
29. 2. Movement to the left on the arrows (towards
premature death) equates a progressively
decreasing state of health
– Achieved in Three Steps:
a. Signs
b. Symptoms
c. Disability
30. 3. Most important is the direction the individual is facing on
the pathway
a. If towards high-level health, a person has a genuinely optimistic
or positive outlook despite his/her health status
b. If towards premature death, a person has a genuinely
pessimistic or negative outlook about his/her health status
31. 4. Compares a treatment model with a wellness model
a. If a treatment model is used, an individual can move right only to the
neutral point
Example: a hypertensive client who only takes his medications
without making any other life-style changes
a. If a wellness model is used, an individual can move right past the
neutral point
Example: a hypertensive client who not only takes his medications, but
stops smoking, looses weight, starts an exercise program, etc.
32. HEALTH BELIEF MODEL BY
ROSENTOCK
• Concerned with what people perceive about
themselves in relation to their health
• Consider perceptions (influences individuals
motivation toward results)
– Perceived susceptibility
– Perceived seriousness
– Perceived benefit out of the action
34. Scope of Nursing Practice
Nurses provide care for 3 types of clients:
• a. Individuals
• b. Families
• c. Communities
4 Areas of Nursing Practice
1. PROMOTING HEALTH & WELLNESS
(HEALTH PROMOTION)
-Wellness is a state of well-being. It means
engaging in attitudes and behavior that
enhance the quality of life and maximize
personal potential.
-Health promotion is a behavior motivated by
the desire to increase well-being and
actualize human health potential.
35. Scope of Nursing Practice
The Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion:
– 1. Model healthy lifestyle behaviors and attitudes.
– 2. Facilitate client involvement in the assessment,
implementation and evaluation of health goals.
– 3. Teach clients self-care strategies to enhance fitness, improve
nutrition, manage stress and enhance relationships.
– 4. Assist individuals, families and communities to increase their
level of health.
– 5. Educate clients to be effective health care consumers.
– 6. Assist clients, families and communities to develop and
choose heal h promotion options.
– 7. Guide client’s development in effective problem solving and
decision-making.
– 8. Reinforce client’s personal and family health promoting
behaviors.
– 9. Advocate in the community for changes that promote a
healthy environment.
36. Scope of Nursing Practice
client… no matter how acutely or chronically ill,
has Strength. The Nurse must identify the use
of these strengths to help client reach maximum
function & quality of life or meet death with
dignity.
Programs or Health Promotion
• 1. Information dissemination
• 2. Health risk appraisal and wellness assessment
• 3. Lifestyle and behavior change
• 4. Environmental control programs.
37. Scope of Nursing Practice
H E A L T H P R O M O T IO N T O P IC S
INFANTS
• -Infant- parent attachment/ bonding
• - Breastfeeding
• - Sleep patterns
• - Playful activity to stimulate development
• - Immunizations
• - Safety promotion and injury control.
CHILDREN
• Nutrition
• Dental check-ups
• Rest and exercise
• Immunizations
• Safety promotion and injury control
38. Scope of Nursing Practice
ADOLESCENTS
• Communicating with the teen.
• Hormonal changes
• Nutrition
• Exercise and rest
• Peer group influences
• Self concept and body image
• Sexuality
• Safety promotion and accident prevention
ELDERS
• Adequate sleep - Drug Management
• Exercise - Appropriate use of alcohol
• -Dental/ oral health - Foot health
39. Health Maintenance
• goes hand in hand with health promotion and disease
promotion.
• The active process of achieving health and remaining
healthy.
40. Elements Included in the Strategies
Used for Health Maintenance:
• Nutrition
– The science that studies how the kind of food people eat affects their health and
performance
– foods or food components that cause disease or deteriorate health.
– studies foods and dietary supplements that improve performance, promote
health, and cure or prevent disease.
• Exercise
– The performance of movements in order to develop or maintain physical
fitness and overall health.
– Frequent and regular physical exercise is to prevention of some diseases such
as cancer, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, obesity and back pain.
41. • Hygiene
– The practice of keeping the body clean to prevent
infection and illness, and avoidance of contact with
infectious agents.
– include bathing
• brushing and flossing teeth
• washing hands especially before eating
• washing food before it is eaten
• cleaning food preparation utensils and surfaces
before and after preparing meals
• help prevent infection and illness.
42. • Stress Management
– The application of methods either to reduce stress
or increase tolerance to stress since prolonged
psychological stress may negatively impact health,
such as by weakening the immune system.
– Relaxation techniques are physical methods used to
relieve stress,
– While psychological methods (cognitive therapy,
meditation, positive thinking) work by reducing
response to stress.
43. • Health Care
– The prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the
preservation of mental and physical well being through the
services offered by the medical, nursing and allied health
professionals.
• Workplace Wellness Programs
– Recognized by an increasingly large number of companies for
their value in improving the health and well-being of their
employees, and for increasing morale, loyalty and productivity.
– Workplace wellness programs may include:
• onsite fitness centers
• health presentations
• wellness newsletters
• access to health coaching
• tobacco cessation programs and
• training related to nutrition,
• weight and stress management.
44. Scope of Nursing Practice
• Health screening recommendations
• Hearing aid use - Safety precautions
• Immunizations - Smoking cessation
• Medication instruction - Weight control
• Mental health - Nutrition
• Preventive health services - Physical fitness
2. PREVENTING ILLNESS
(DISEASE PREVENTION)
> The GOAL of illness prevention programs
is to maintain optimal health by preventing
disease.
45. Scope of Nursing Practice
• Nursing activities that prevent illness includes:
> Immunizations
> Pre-natal and Infant care
> Prevention of STDs.
The objective of illness prevention activities are:
- to reduce the risk of illness
- to promote health habits
- to maintain the individual’s optimal
functioning
46. Scope of Nursing Practice
Activities for Illness Prevention
– 1. Hospital educational programs in areas such as prenatal care
for pregnant women, smoking-cessation programs and &
reduction seminars.
– 2. Community programs & resources that encourage healthy
lifestyles including aerobic exercise classes, swimnastics &
physical fitness programs.
– 3. Literature & TV information on diet, exercise & the importance
of good health habits.
– 4. Health assessments in institutions, clinics & community
settings that identify areas of strength & potential for illness.
Levels of Prevention:
1. Primary Prevention
2. Secondary Prevention
3. Tertiary Prevention
47. 1. Primary- is true prevention
- it precedes disease or dysfunction and its applied to clients
considered to be physically & emotionally healthy.
- includes all health promotion efforts as well as wellness
activities that focus on maintaining & improving the general
health of individuals, families & communities.
Health Promotion includes:
• Health education programs
• Immunization
• Physical & Nutritional fitness activities
48. Primary Prevention
• By measures designed to promote
positive general health:
– development of good health habits and
hygiene;
– proper nutrition,
– proper attitude towards sickness,
– proper and prompt utilization of available
health and medical facilities.
49. • Specific protection
– By the use of measures against specific disease agents like
protection of the individual, or
– The establishment of barriers against agents in the environment.
may include:
– Control of means of spread of vector such as control,
sanitation of food, milk, water, and air, proper sewerage
disposal, proper disposal and or disinfect ion of soiled articles or
clothing, eradication or animal reservoir.
– Increasing resistance of the individual by specific
immunization.
– Hand washing observed strictly.
50. Scope of Nursing Practice
2. Secondary
- Focuses on individuals who are experiencing
health problems or illness & who are @
risk for developing complications or
worsening condition.
- Activities are directed at diagnosis and
prompt intervention thereby reducing the
severity & enabling the client to return to
a normal level of health as early as
possible.
- Includes screening techniques & treating
early stages of disease to limit disability.
51. Secondary Prevention
• Consists of early diagnosis and prompt
treatment of the disease in order to arrest
the disease / problem and to prevent its
spread to other people.
52. • Examples of secondary prevention include:
– Public education to promote breast self-examination
– use of home kits for detection of occult blood in the stool
specimens
– Screening programs for hypertension, diabetes, uterine cancer
(Pap Smear), breast cancer, glaucoma and sexually
transmitted diseases
53. Scope of Nursing Practice
3. Tertiary
- occurs when the defect or disability is
permanent & irreversible. It involves
minimizing the effects of long term disease or
disability by interventions directed at
preventing complications & deterioration.
- activities are directed at rehabilitation rather
than diagnosis and treatment.
- care @ this level aims to help clients achieve
as high a level of functioning as possible,
despite the limitations caused by illness or
impairment. It I Involves preventing further
disability or reduced functioning.
54. Tertiary Prevention
• Begins early in the period of recovery from illness
• consists of such activities as
– consistent and appropriate administration of medications to
optimize therapeutic effects
– moving and positioning to prevent complications of immobility
and active and passive exercises to prevent disability.
– minimizing residual disability and helping the client learn to live
productively with limitations
55. Scope of Nursing Practice
3. Restoring Health
(Curative/ Rehabilitative Care)
> Focuses on the ill client and extends from early
detection of disease through helping the client
during the recovery period.
Nursing activities include the following:
1. providing direct care to the ill person, such as
administering medications, baths, and specific procedures
and treatments.
2. performing diagnostic and assessment procedures such
as measuring BP and examining feces for occult blood.
3. consulting with other health care professionals about client
problems.
4. teaching clients about recovery activities such as
exercise that will accelerate recovery after a stroke.
5.rehabilitating clients to their optimal functional level
following physical or mental illness, injury or chemical
addiction.
56. Scope of Nursing Practice
4. Care of the Dying
• Involves comforting and caring for people
of all ages who are dying.
• It includes helping as comfortably as
possible until death and supporting persons
to cope with death.
• Nurses’ carrying out these activities work in
homes, hospitals and extended care
facilities.
• Some agencies called hospices are
specifically designed for this purpose.
57. Scope of Nursing Practice
On Facilitating coping
– Nurses facilitate client & family coping with altered
functions, life, crisis, & death.
– Nurses provide care to both clients & SO during the
terminal illness
– Nurses are becoming, more active in hospice
programs which are developed to assist individuals &
their families in preparing for death & living as
comfortably as possible until death occurs.
Institutions:
Hospice
Long term nursing facilities
Nursing Homes
58. BASIC INTERVENTIONS USING
NURSING PROCESS TO MAINTAIN
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Lifestyle
the values and behaviors adopted by a
person in daily life
59. • Assessment
– Health History and Physical Examination
– Utilize Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns to elicit health history.
– For the physical assessment, start at the head and proceed in a
systematic manner downward (head-to-toe).
60. • Lifestyle Assessment
• Focus on the personal lifestyle and habits
of the client as how
• they affect his/her health. Categories of
lifestyle generally
• assessed are physical activity, nutritional
practices, stress
• management, and such habits as
smoking, alcohol
• consumption and drug use