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Identification of textile fibers
- 1. IDENTIFICATION OF TEXTILE FIBERS. Name: Huzaifa Nawaz Malik Discipline: TMM-01A Course: Textles-176 Assignment # 02 Instructor: Sir Imran Raza Malik
- 3. Burn Test. Is a cellulose fiber. It burns and may flare up when lit. No melted bead is left by it. After burning, it continues to glow. It gives out smell like that of a burning paper. The smoke is gray or white. The ash is fine, soft that can be easily crumbled.
- 4. Microscopic Test The cotton fiber is a single elongated cell. Under a microscope, it looks like flat, spirally twisted ribbon like tube with rough granular surface. However, mercerized cotton doesn't have natural twist. The finishing process makes them swollen, straight, smooth and round with a shining surface.
- 5. Solubility Test Acetone 100 % HCl 100% Sulfuric Acid 60% Sulfuric Acid 70% Chlorine Bleach 5% Formic Acid 90% Insoluble Insoluble Slightly soluble Soluble Insoluble Insoluble
- 6. Silk
- 7. Burn Test A protein fiber which burns slowly and curls away from the flame. It leaves dark bead which can be easily crushed. It is self-extinguishing and leaves ash that is dark, gritty, fine powder. It smells like burned hair or charred meat. It gives out a little or no smoke and the fume has no hazard.
- 8. Microscopic Test Raw silk fiber, composed of two filaments, has elliptical shape under the microscope. The two fine and lustrous filaments are shown clearly looking like transparent rods with triangular shape. Wild silk or tussah fiber has different appearance than the cultivated silk. It is flattened, coarse, thick and broader fiber having fine, wavy lines all across its surface whereas cultivated silk is narrower fiber with no marks on it.
- 9. Solubility Test Acetone 100% HCl 20% Sulfuric acid 60% Sulfuric acid 70% Chlorine bleach 5% Formic acid 90% Insoluble Partially Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Partially soluble
- 10. Wool
- 11. Burn Test Is a protein fiber which burns slowly. It sizzles and curls away from flame and may curl back onto fingernail. It leaves beads that are brittle, dark, and easily crushed. It is self-extinguishing and leaves harsh ash from crushed bead. It gives out a strong odor of burning hair or feathers. It gives out dark smoke and moderate fume.
- 12. Microscopic Test Wool fiber has irregular, roughly cylindrical, multi cellular structure with tapered ends. Under a microscope, three basic layers are shown- epidermis (outer layer), cortex (middle layer) and medulla (inner layer). Medulla is seen only in coarse and medium wool fibers and that too under a highly powerful microscope.
- 13. Solubility Acetone 100% HCl 20% Sulfuric acid 60% Sulfuric acid 70% Chlorine bleach 5% Formic acid 90% Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Soluble Insoluble
- 14. Linen
- 15. Burn Test A cellulose fiber, it takes longer to ignite. It is easily extinguished by blowing on it. Burns quickly with bright flame. It leaves no melted bead and after burning no sign of flame is seen but it does not melts. It smells like burning leaves or wood. The ash is gray and smoke has no fume hazard.
- 16. Microscopic Test Linen fiber, under a microscope, looks like having multiple sided cylindrical filaments with fine pointed edges. The filaments show nodes at intervals. It, in fact, looks like a bamboo stick having joints that results into a little unevenness.
- 17. Solubility Acetone 100% HCl 20% Sulfuric acid 60% Sulfuric acid 70% Chlorine bleach 5% Formic acid 90% Insoluble Insoluble Slightly soluble Soluble Insoluble Insoluble
- 18. Polyester
- 19. Burn Test It burns quickly and shrinks away from flame, may also flare up. It leaves hard, dark, and round beads. After the flame, it burns slowly and is not always self- extinguishing. It has a slightly sweet chemical odor. It leaves no ash but its black smoke and fume are hazardous.
- 20. Microscopic Test Generally, polyester fiber is smooth, straight. It looks round cross sectionally. However, with various finishing processes, its appearance changes in context of texture and luster.
- 21. Solubililty Acetone 100% HCl 20% Sulfuric acid 60% Sulfuric acid 70% Chlorine bleach 5% Formic acid 90% Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble
- 22. Nylon
- 23. Burn Test Due to their fabric finish, they quickly burn and shrink to flame. The beads are hard, grayish and uncrushable. After flame, they burn slowly and melt. They are self- extinguishing but drip dangerously. Their odor is like celery and they leave no ash but the fume is very hazardous.
- 24. Microscopic Test There are many variants of nylon fiber. However, generally it appears fine, round, smooth and translucent. Sometimes it has shiny appearance. If it looks dull, it will also be dotted under the microscope.
- 25. Solubility Acetone 100% HCl 20% Sulfuric acid 60% Sulfuric acid 70% Chlorine bleach 5% Formic acid 90% Insoluble Soluble Soluble Soluble Insoluble Soluble
- 26. Rayon
- 27. Burn Test It burns without flame or melting and may flare up. Unless there is a fabric finish, it doesn't leave any bead. After the flame is removed, it may glow a bit longer than cotton. It smells like burning paper and leaves soft, gray ash. It's smoke is a little hazardous.
- 28. Microscopic Test Rayon fiber has uniform diameter with glass like shine. If delustered then rayon fiber shows marks similar to pepper, when viewed cross sectionally. Viscose fiber of rayon looks irregular when viewed cross sectionally.
- 29. Solubility Acetone 100% HCl 20% Sulfuric acid 60% Sulfuric acid 70% Chlorine bleach 5% Formic acid 90% Insoluble Insoluble Soluble Soluble Insoluble Insoluble
- 30. Acetate
- 31. Burn Test Is a protein fiber which burns quickly and can flare even after flame is removed. The bead is hard, brittle, and can't be crushed. It melts into very hot bead and drips very dangerously. No ash is left by it and the smell is like hot vinegar or burning pepper. It gives out black smoke and the fume is hazardous.
- 32. Microscopic Test Acetate fiber looks lesser irregular than viscose rayon when viewed cross sectionally. It has indentations that look like occasional marks when viewed longitudinally.
- 33. Solubility Acetone 100% HCl 20% Sulfuric acid 60% Sulfuric acid 70% Chlorine bleach 5% Formic acid 90% Soluble Insoluble Soluble Soluble Insoluble Soluble