Fiber is the main part of a textile material. All fabric/garments properties and process is directly depends on fiber which contain by the garment.A number of methods are available for characterization of the structural, physical, and chemical properties of fibers. Various methods are used for fiber identification like microscopic methods, solubility, heating and burning method, density and staining etc. End-use property characterization methods often involve use of laboratory techniques which are adapted to simulate actual conditions of average wear on the textile or that can predict performance in end-use.
Fiber is the main part of a textile material. All fabric/garments properties and process is directly depends on fiber which contain by the garment.A number of methods are available for characterization of the structural, physical, and chemical properties of fibers. Various methods are used for fiber identification like microscopic methods, solubility, heating and burning method, density and staining etc. End-use property characterization methods often involve use of laboratory techniques which are adapted to simulate actual conditions of average wear on the textile or that can predict performance in end-use.
Testing is the process or procedure to determines the quality of a product.The testing of textile products is an expensive business. A textile commercial laboratory has to be set up and furnished with a range of test equipment.Textile Testing & Quality Control (TTQC) is very important work or process in each department of export oriented industry. Buyers want quality but not quantity. In every department of textile industry quality maintained of each material, because one material’s quality depend on another’s quality. For example, if qualified fiber is inputted then output will be good yarn.
Textile materials are manufactured from fibers either obtained from nature, or are manufactured synthetically or regenerated from naturally occurring substance. For perfect coloration of textile materials without hampering their physical properties, a thorough knowledge of the fiber is absolutely essential.
Testing is the process or procedure to determines the quality of a product.The testing of textile products is an expensive business. A textile commercial laboratory has to be set up and furnished with a range of test equipment.Textile Testing & Quality Control (TTQC) is very important work or process in each department of export oriented industry. Buyers want quality but not quantity. In every department of textile industry quality maintained of each material, because one material’s quality depend on another’s quality. For example, if qualified fiber is inputted then output will be good yarn.
Textile materials are manufactured from fibers either obtained from nature, or are manufactured synthetically or regenerated from naturally occurring substance. For perfect coloration of textile materials without hampering their physical properties, a thorough knowledge of the fiber is absolutely essential.
Textile Fibers are the basic structural units of Textile fabrics. Knowing the building blocks of textile fibers(polymers) is vital inoder to explain chemical and physical properties.
Topic: Wearable Technologies Enabling the Next Wave of Internet of Things Innovation
Speaker: Ting Wei,Li (Senior Vice Present of Sales President of Greater China Broadcom)
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Identification Fibers report
1. ASSIGNMENT
Natural And Man Made Fibers
Topic: Fiber Report
Submitted To: Imran Raza
Malik
Submitted By: Iftikharwali
Discipline:Textile Science
Date:26/03/2015
2. Identification of Fibers
1. BURN TESTS
Procedure: Cut a small sample of textile fiber and holding it in a tweezers or forceps cautiously ignite
with a matchstick or lighter. Observe the sample carefully, because each fiber type will burn in a specific
way, producing different colored smoke, a particular smell and leaving its own kind of residue. To match
your findings with the correct fiber compare with the chart below.
FIBER Performance at flame Odor Residue
Approach
to flame
In the
flame
Withdrawn
from flame
SILK
Shrinks
away
Burns
slowly
Self
extinguishing
Burning
hair
Brittle, swollen,
black ash
WOOL
Shrinks
away
Burns
slowly
Self
extinguishing
Burning
hair
Brittle, swollen,
black ash
COTTON
No
effect
Burns
readily
Continues
to burn
Burning
paper
Gray
skeletal ash
NYLON
Shrinks
away
Burns slowly
and melts
Often self
extinguishing
Celery
Sometimes
perceptible
Hard light
colored bead
ACRYLIC
Shrinks
away
Burns slowly
and melts
Continues to
burn
and melt
Acrid
Brittle black
bead
POLYPROPYLENE
(OLEFIN)
LINEN
Shrinks
quickly
Not Defined
Burns
and melts
Not Defined
Burns
and melt
Burns
Not defined
Not Defined
Hard, round
bead, maybe
light brown
Brittle Ashes
4. Acrylicsoluble indimethylform amide.
Polyestersolublein m-cresol.
Nylon 6 is soluble indimethylform amide and nylon 66 is not
MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS
SILK FIBER
Microscopic view of silk fiber Silk fiber
Silk: Raw silk fiber, composed of two filaments, has elliptical shape
under the microscope. The two fine and lustrous filaments are shown
clearly looking like transparent rods with triangular shape. Wild silk or
tussah fiber has different appearance than the cultivated silk. It is
5. flattened, coarse, thick and broader fiber having fine, wavy lines all
across its surface whereas cultivated silk is narrower fiber with no marks
on it.
MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS
WOOL FIBER
Microscopic
viewof wool
Raw wool
6. Wool: Wool fiber has irregular, roughly cylindrical, multi cellular
structure with tapered ends. Under a microscope, three basic layers are
shown- epidermis (outer layer), cortex (middle layer) and medulla (inner
layer). Medulla is seen only in coarse and medium wool fibers and that
too under a highly powerful microscope.
MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS
POLYESTER FIBER
7. POLYESTER
Polyester: Generally, polyester fiber is smooth, straight. It looks round
cross sectionally. However, with various finishing processes, its
appearance changes in context of texture and luster.
MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS
NYLON FIBER
8. Nylon: There are many variants of nylon fiber. However, generally
it appears fine, round, smooth and translucent. Sometimes it has
shiny appearance. If it looks dull, it will also be dotted under the
microscope.
MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS
ACRYLIC FIBER
Acrylic: It has a bean-shaped cross section its longitudinal appearance is
straight and smooth.
10. Polypropylene: When viewed cross sectionals polypropylene fiber looks
somewhat round but it looks straight and smooth when viewed
longitudinally.
MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS
COTTON FIBER
Microscopic view of cotton
fiber
Differentlayers in cotton fiber
11. Cotton:The cotton fiber is a single elongated cell. Under a microscope,
it looks like flat, spirally twisted ribbon like tube with rough granular
surface. However, mercerized cotton doesn't have natural twist. The
finishing process makes them swollen, straight, smooth and round with a
shining surface.
MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS
LINEN FIBER
12. Linen:Linen fiber, under a microscope, looks like having multiple sided
cylindrical filaments with fine pointed edges. The filaments show nodes
at intervals. It, in fact, looks like a bamboo stick having joints that result
into a little unevenness.
DISTINGUISHING OF FIBERS FROM ONEANOTHER
DISTINGUISHING POLYESTER FROM OTHER FIBRES:
Polyester is soluble in hot Meta cresol; however unlike acetate it is not
soluble in acetone, and unlike nylon it is not soluble in concentrated
formic acid.
DISTINGUISHING ACRYLICS FROM OTHER FIBRES:
Acrylic fibers will dissolve in 70 percent solution of ammonium
thiocyanate at 130 degree Celsius but the other fibers will not.
DISTINGUISHING SILK FROM WOOL:
The use of concentrated cold hydrochloric acid will dissolve the silk and
the wool fiber swells.
DISTINGUISHING NYLON FROM OTHER FIBRES:
If the fabric is thought to contain nylon, the fabric may be immersed in a
boiling solution of sodium hydroxide. The nylon is insoluble in such a
solution
DISTINGUISHING LINEN FROM COTTON:
13. Cotton and linen are immersed in a 1% solution of fuchsine in alcohol to
give red rose color. Later they are washed and immersed into ammonia,
linen retains the red coloration but cotton does not
